This thesis examines the relationship between environmental stress and human mobility with a view to understanding the impacts of climate change on human migration. Using a conjuncture of political ecology and migration theory, it firstly explores the literature on 'environmental refugees' identifying a distinction between general agreement on the existence of a relationship between environmental stress and migration, and debate over the appropriateness of the 'environmental refugee' as a suitable means for representing that relationship. Secondly this conjuncture is used to examine accounts from farmers and migrants in northern Ethiopia, with a focus on understanding how environmental and non-environmental factors interact to shape mobility decisions in a context of environmental stresses, thought analogous to those predicted to accompany future climate change. The principal finding of the study is that although environmental stress matters in mobility decisions, it does so due to the context of non-environmental factors in which it occurs, not in spite of them. With this in mind the work provides a framework of additive, vulnerability, enabling and barrier effects as a means for elaborating our understanding of how environmental and non-environmental factors interact to determine mobility strategies in a context of environmental stress. Focussing on the role of non-environmental factors, the work reveals that while biophysical features operate at a macro-scale to shape mobility decisions, these decisions are determined by non-environmental features operating at a micro-scale. The research then traces differences in the existence of these micro-scale, non-environmental, factors across two field sites, finding that their origins lie in both historical and contemporary forces of regional and global political economy. As such, the work concludes that understanding the relationship between climate change and human migration will require a contextualisation of that relationship within this broader framework.

In simultaneously pursuing commercial and social goals, specialist microfinance organisations (MFOs) are leading examples of social enterprises working in development. Yet evidence of the feasibility of such ‘double bottom line’ management is limited. The thesis takes a comparative case study approach to investigating the dynamics of a social enterprise model of microfinance, with particular emphasis on its role in promoting employment related goals. Case study material consists primarily of the experience of two Central Asian MFOs that participated in an action research project ‘Microfinance for Decent Work’ implemented by the International Labour Organisation (ILO). Data was obtained through participant observation, staff interviews, client level surveys, and it also includes reflective practice arising from my participation in the ILO project as a consultant to both MFOs between 2008 and 2012. The findings are mixed. One of the MFOs was more strongly internally motivated to achieve social goals, and was more successful in implementing social performance management initiatives. The other was motivated more by the goal to demonstrate social performance to external stakeholders, and was less responsive to the evidence generated. The thesis also illustrates both path dependence in the evolution of social performance management, and the limited capacity of external agencies such as the ILO to influence the institutionalisation of development management within MFOs.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Covenant Theological Seminary, 1999. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-164).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Covenant Theological Seminary, 1999. / Abstract. This is an electronic reproduction of TREN, #030-0088. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-164).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Covenant Theological Seminary, 1999. / Abstract. This is an electronic reproduction of TREN, #030-0088. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-164).

This thesis offers an account of children's lived experiences in Rwanda (1930s-2016) in four key domains: kinship, education, economic transitions, and marriage. Based on historical and ethnographic fieldwork in rural and urban Rwanda from 2012 to 2014, this work explores how three generations of young people have experienced and navigated childhood and coming of age at the interface of 'traditional' and 'modern' institutional systems. Rather than focusing narrowly on 'crisis' childhoods, individual agency, or exogenous forces, as studies of young Africans and social change tend to, this work examines young people's 'everyday' actions - intentional and unintentional, individual and collective, compliant and non-compliant - and locates them within their broader historical, relational, and institutional environment. By focusing on the intensely reproductive period of childhood and coming of age, on Rwanda's unexceptional majority rather than its exceptionally vulnerable minority, and on children's everyday actions rather than the strategic actions of elites, this thesis shows us how children shape the institutions of childhood and marriage and, in so doing, influence how society is reproduced and changed. Theoretically, this thesis explains how children and their institutional environment are mutually constituting: it examines how and why young people experience rapid change and structural violence differently and it traces how they reproduce and change these structural conditions as they engage with institutional mechanisms in (un)intended ways. The research reveals that children in central Rwanda navigate constraints and opportunities by drawing on established kinship relationships and institutions while also opportunistically engaging with modern institutions and their actors. However, in this context of 'institutional multiplicity', traditional and modern institutional systems each need Rwanda's young majority to reproduce their institutions over others', and as intended, to achieve their power-distributional goals. This makes children's actions particularly consequential and demands that we redefine what political action - and political actors - look like.

Orientador: Lucia da Costa Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T05:05:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_SimoneVieirade_D.pdf: 11587065 bytes, checksum: 687aa83fcd27cb0b3f8a2a69d88acf67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O estabelecimento de áreas ambientalmente restritivas figura como um dos principais instrumentos de conservação ambiental do país. Partindo do fato de que a maioria das áreas de proteção integral no Brasil é habitada, buscamos desvendar os processos de mudança social em curso nessas áreas partindo do estudo de uma área de proteção integral específica: O Parque Nacional do Jaú, na Amazônia brasileira. O objetivo central desta pesquisa é compreender os modos de ação dos moradores deste parque frente à situação de anomia legal, de suspensão de direitos provocados pela implantação de uma área de proteção integral em seu local de moradia. Algumas das perguntas centrais que direcionaram nosso trabalho foram: de que modo os moradores são sujeitos ativos no direcionamento do rumo das transformações sociais no parque? Será que as ações dos moradores frente às restrições de uso e acesso a recursos a que foram submetidos caminham num único sentido possível? De que modo a heterogeneidade desses sujeitos em relação aos seus objetivos e em relação aos seus modos de agir influencia e/ou constitui a direção das mudanças sociais no parque? Verificamos que os modos de ação dos moradores frente à essa situação são bastante heterogêneos. Algumas das principais estratégias de ação observadas foram: estabelecimento de acordos e parcerias institucionais (acordo de pesca) e informais {parceria com empresários de pesca esportiva), mudança nas estratégias de sobrevivência, na forma de utilização dos recursos, na relação com demais sujeitos sociais participantes dessa arena negociatória; êxodo e posterior mobilização de ex-moradores no município vizinho de Novo Airão / Abstract: The establishment of restrictive environmental areas figures as one of the main instruments of environmental conservation in the country. Beginning with the fact that the majority of integrally protected areas in Brazil is inhabited, we seek to reveal the processes of social change in course in these areas, based on the study of a specific integrally protected area: the Jaú National Park, in the Brazilian Amazon. The central objective of this research is the comprehension of the inhabitants' modes of action in the park while facing a situation of legal Anomia, of suspension of rights provoked by the implantation of an area of integral protection where they live. Some of the central questions that gave direction to our work were: in what way are the inhabitants active subjects in deciding the course of the social transformations in the park? Subjected to use and access restrictions in the park, are the inhabitants' actions leading to a unique possible solution? In relation to their objectives and to their manners of action, how does the heterogeneity of these subjects influence and/or determine the direction of the social changes in the park? We verified that, in the face of this situation, the inhabitants' modes of action are quite heterogeneous. Some of the main strategies of action observed were: establishment of agreements and institutional partnerships (fishing agreements) and informal partnerships (partnership with sportive fishing entrepreneurs), changes in survival strategies in the form of resource utilization, in relationship with other social subjects participating in this arena of negotiation, exodus and posterior mobilization of ex-inhabitants in the neighboring town of Novo Airão / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

The diploma thesis deals with the social movement Fridays for Future and its activity in the Federal Republic of Germany. The study describes frames which are used by the movement to communicate with public and to mobilize its supporters. In the analysis the thesis is based on the framing theory, which was in more detail elaborated by David A. Snow and Robert D. Benford. Specifically, the thesis deals with the analyses of the frames that occurred in the selected speeches delivered by the activists of the movement Fridays for Future. To be more precise, it is the diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational framing. At the beginning of the movement there was the Swedish activist Greta Thunberg who came up with the idea of school strikes for climate. The movement resonated strongly in the German society and it managed to mobilize an extraordinary amount of people in comparison to other states. The central aim of this thesis is to characterize the movement Fridays for Future in Germany. The thesis concentrates on the official goals that the movement tries to push through at the level of the German politics. Furthermore, it focuses on the collective identity and composition of the demonstration participants, primarily it dedicates to social and demographic features of the demonstrators. Besides, the thesis...

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The purpose of this study was to discover how ethnicity, gender, and mentoring influenced the career experiences of Jamaican administrators in Sunshine County Public Schools (SCPS), a pseudonym that was used for a large public school district in Florida. This qualitative, phenomenological study focused on the career experiences of eight Jamaican administrators in SCPS. Seven of the participants were all native-born Jamaicans and one was a first generation Jamaican, born in England to Jamaican parents and raised in Jamaica until the age of 14. The researcher gained this understanding by interviewing participants in-depth about how their Jamaican ethnicity, gender, and personal mentoring experiences impacted their personal and professional journey as administrators in SCPS. Findings and conclusions will inform mentoring and educational leadership literature on strategies for success geared toward this understudied population. / by Denise P. Barrett-Johnson. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.