Interfacial polarization resistances limit the performance of many thin film solid-state devices, especially at low temperatures. To improve performance, a fundamental understanding of the electrode kinetics that govern interfacial reaction rates must be developed. The goal of this work is to determine site-specific reaction mechanisms and the relative significance of various reactions in order to quantify optimum structural parameters within the cathode microstructure. Key parameters include the length of triple phase boundary (TPB), the quantity of exposed electrolyte/electrode surface, and the ratio of electrolyte to electrode material. These parameters, when studied in a specific system, can be incorporated into broader models, which will encompass the specific conductivity of each component to develop an optimized three-dimensional network. The emphasis of this work is the systematic control and manipulation of potential cathodic reaction sites in order to develop an understanding of the relative importance of specific reaction sites. Since the physical dimensions of reaction sites are relatively small, an approach has been developed that utilizes micro-fabrication (similar to that used in integrated-circuit fabrication) to produce small and highly controlled microstructures. Investigations were made into the nature and reactivity of Triple Phase Boundaries (hereafter TPB) through the use of patterned platinum electrodes since only the TPBs are active in these electrodes. After the processing details of micro-fabrication were established for the platinum electrodes, patterned Mixed-Ionic/Electronic Conducting (MIEC) electrodes were fabricated and studied using impedance spectroscopy to determine the contributions from the MIEC surface versus the TPB. Systematically changing the geometry of the MIEC electrodes (thickness and line width) allowed for the determination of the effect of ambipolar transport within the MIEC on the activity of MIEC surfaces versus the TPB. This information is critical to rational design of functionally graded electrodes (with optimal particle size, shape, porosity and conductivity). In addition to experimental studies, representative patterned electrode samples were made available for collaborative studies with surface scientists at other institutions to provide additional techniques (such as Raman Spectroscopy) on the carefully designed and controlled cathode surfaces.

This paper deals with the applications of symbolic computation of Mathematica 7.0 (Wolfram, 2008) in distribution theory. The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, we will implement some functions to extend Mathematica capabilities to handle symbolic computations of the characteristic function for linear combination of independent univariate random variables. These functions utilizes pattern-matching codes that enhance Mathematica's ability to simplify expressions involving the product and summation of algebraic terms. Secondly, characteristic function can be classified into commonly used distributions, including six discrete distributions and seven continuous distributions, via the pattern-matching feature of Mathematica. Finally, several examples will be presented. The examples include calculating limit of characteristic function of linear combinations of independent random variables, and applications of coded functions and illustrate the central limit theorem, the law of large numbers and properties of some distributions.

The dissertation investigates the starting transient behaviors of metal halide lamps driven by constant currents and constant powers, respectively. Based on the investigation results, three starting scenarios are proposed for shortening the starting time, and an identification strategy is figured out for designing an electronic ballast being capable of driving three small-wattage lamps rated at different powers. A laboratory electronic ballast is designed to drive small-wattage metal halide lamps with a programmable low-frequency square-wave current. Experiments are conducted to examine the effects of the starting current on variations of the light output as well as the lamp voltage and power. From the effects of the applied current on the generated luminance, three starting scenarios are attempted to accelerate the starting transient stage. Experimental evidence shows that the starting time can be effectively shortened by increasing the lamp current during glow-to-arc and warm-up stages. A short interval of over-power operation during the warm-up stage enables the lamp to further enhance the producing of luminance quickly, and hence greatly reduce the starting transient period. According to the starting transient characteristics of metal halide lamps, an identification strategy is figured out to recognize three small-wattage metal halide lamps rated at powers of 20-W, 35-W and 70-W from three world-wide prominent brands, GE, OSRAM and PHILIPS. An electronic ballast is designed to drive the metal halide lamps with the multi-stage constant-power starting scenario. Experimental results evidence that the electronic ballast with the proposed identification strategy can recognize three lamps¡¦ rated powers correctly during the starting transition, and drive the lamp to its rated power before entering the steady-state.

Develops the cultural and creative industry is the main policy of the Taiwan government in recent years. Entrepreneurial as cultural creative industry in different stages, what an opportunity, resources and entrepreneurial team to influence an entrepreneurial activity, this is a main topic discussing in this research. This research topic¡¦s is focus on an opportunities, resources and entrepreneurial team. To perform a new business that should existence the natures both of dynamic and complexity. Furthermore, to had sort out three issues within internal factors, this expect to awareness what the differences between with opportunity, resources and entrepreneurial team through this research as well as tries to understand the entrepreneurial team how to respond it when opportunity and resources change in the different entrepreneurial processes. And other, this research had been analyzed an entrepreneurial team how to influence by these factors. The results obtain from research that social culture, industrial environment and technological progress still influencing in the first stage of entrepreneurial processes obviously. Under the social culture's vicissitude, people's life accomplishment had been promoted; the most of people are pursue to balancing between the life and culture. Thus, this makes the industrial environment have to the change, in other, the traditional creators should out of box as well, and establish a model of culture creativity. Entrepreneurial processes within gestation stage, it had emphasis the entrepreneurial team's composition and characteristic. Prior knowledge and shared values have influence obviously in this stage. It can be explain that entrepreneurial team's composition has complementary or similar in the prior knowledge. Let the members of entrepreneurial team no matter can complement one another in the communication or the specialty. Because they can be share their values with other into the team members, to conduct and policy-making standard. It should reduce the nonessential conflict. Finally, entrepreneurial processes within infancy stage that can explanation as the competitive advantages of entrepreneur from intangible assets. Intangible assets are from philosophy, annotation technique and style of creator. In this way, creator's intangible asset is not the tangible asset or the organizational capability can substitute.

In this thesis, we will discuss aging line detection and electrical fire precaution by using powerline communication technique. Fire is always a serious disaster which endangers our lives and property. Electrical fire is a major proportion of fire disaster. Even every house generally setup circuit breaker and fuse in time, electrical fire still occurred oftentimes. Current powerline communication technology is using household powerline as a medium of signal transmission, whose channel characteristic will be affected by surrounding environment. We hope that we can analyze the change of transmission characteristic in high frequency of household powerline, which deterioration during long time. At the same time, we will detect variation of high frequency characteristic of powerline as the basis for judgment of aging line, to prevent electrical fire further. Finally, we combine our approach into PLC system, which can also diagnose the line while transmission of powerline at the same time, adding the value without having too much cost.

Abstract The interpretation and identification of information from the side-scan sonar imagery are mainly depended on visual observation and personal experiences. Recent studies tended to increase the identification efficiency by using numerical analysis methods. This can reduce the error that cause by the differences of observer¡¦s experience as well as by extended time observation. The position around the center line of the slant range corrected side-scan sonar imagery might result in the degradation of the ability of numerical methods to successfully detect artificial objects. Theoretically, this problem could be solved by using a specific characteristic function to identify the existence of concrete reefs, and then filtering the noise of the central line area with a threshold value. This study was intended to develop fully automatic sonar imagery processing system for the identification of cubic concrete and cross-type protective artificial reefs in Taiwan offshore area. The procedures of the automatic sonar imagery processing system are as follows: (1) Image Acquisition¡G500kHz with slant range of 75m. (2) Feature Extraction¡Ggrey level co-occurrence matrix (i.e., Entropy, Homogeneity and Mean) (3) Classification¡Gunsupervised Bayesian classifier. (4) Object Identification¡Gby characteristic feature (i.e., Entropy). (5) Object¡¦s Status Analysis¡Gobject¡¦s circumference¡Barea¡Bcenter of mass and quantity. This study used the sonar images collected at Chey-Ding artificial reef site in Kaohsiung City as a case study, aiming to verify the automatic sonar imagery processing system and find out the optimum window size. The image characteristic functions include one set of first order parameter (i.e., mean) and two sets of second order parameter (i.e., entropy and homogeneity). Eight(8) sonar images with 1-8 sets of cubic concrete and cross-type protective artificial reefs where used in this step. The identification efficiency of the system, in terms of the produce¡¦s accuracy, is 79.41%. The results illustrated that there were 16~28 sets of artificial reefs being detected in this case which is comparable with the actual amount of 17 sets. Based on this investigation, the optimum window size was concluded to be 12¡Ñ12 pixels with sliding size of 4 pixel. Imagery collected at Fang-Liau artificial reef site of Pingtung County was tested. For the purpose of applicability, the original imagery (2048¡Ñ2800 pixels) was divided into 8 consecutive smaller sized imagery frames(2048¡Ñ350 pixels). The influence of using a two-fold classification procedure and a central filtering method to reduce the noise that caused by slant range correction were discussed. The results showed that central line filtering method is applicable. The results of object¡¦s status analysis showed that there are 156-236 sets of reefs existed. Automatic determination of the target using the characteristic function of entropy is feasible. If the value is larger than 1.45, it represents positive identification of concrete artificial reefs. It can be classified as muddy sand seabed type if the value is smaller than 1.35. If the value is between 1.35~1.45, it illustrates the existence of a transition zone where objects of smaller in dimensions might exist. To achieve the purpose of automatic operation, firstly, we have to identify the existence of the concrete reefs by using the specific characteristic function. Based on the result of existing concrete reefs, suture line filtering method will hence be used to filter the noise from the image information. For that all of the procedures are automatically operated without human intervention. Key word: side-scan sonar ; characteristic function ; gray level co-occurrence matrix ; Bayesian classification ;entropy ; homogeneity ; mean

The purpose of this essay is to explore the importance of muscles about human motion from anatomy. Then, we will be able to establish the mechanism by muscular characteristic. Muscles include agonist muscle and antagonist muscle. The skeletons can only be moved by the contraction of muscles. That unidirectional force characteristic is just like the resistant tensile force of rope. The rope can be just tensioned, it can¡¦t be pressured. The purpose of this essay tries to use unique method to apply the rope to the mechanism. The way is to use the input rod to contact the rope from lateral; then, the move of the input rod will force on the rope, resulting in the deformation and tension of rope. Therefore, the rope of two extremities of output rod will be moved. This above particular method is called direct contact of rope. In order to generate the generalized mechanical device of the rope mechanism, The essay defines the generalized rule of the direct contact of rope; thus, the rope mechanism can use create design of mechanism devices to proceed mechanism synthesis.

Currently, a lack of accurate emission data exits for particulate matter (PM) in agricultural air quality studies (USDA-AAQTF, 2000). PM samplers, however, tend to over estimate the concentration of most agricultural dusts because of the interaction of the particle size distribution (PSD) and performance characteristics of the sampler (Buser, 2004). This research attempts to find a practical method to characterize and correct this error for the Federal Reference Method (FRM) PM10 sampler. First, a new dust wind tunnel testing facility that satisfies the USEPA’s requirement of testing PM10 samplers was designed, built, and evaluated. Second, the wind tunnel testing protocol using poly-dispersed aerosol as the test dust was proved to be able to provide results consistent with mono-dispersed dusts. Third, this study quantified the variation of over sampling ratios for the various cut point and slopes of FRM PM10 samplers and proposed an averaged over sampling ratio as a correction factor for various ranges of PSD. Finally, a method of using total suspended particle (TSP) samplers as a field reference for determining PM10 concentrations and aerosol PSD was explored computationally. Overall, this dissertation developed successfully the methodology to correct the sampling error associated with the FRM PM10 sampler: (1) wind tunnel testing facilities and protocol for experimental evaluation of samplers; (2) the variation of the oversampling ratios of FRM PM10 samplers for computational evaluation of samplers; (3) the evaluation of TSP sampler effectiveness as a potential field reference for field evaluation of samplers.

Although the functional enhancement and price decrease of computer hardware have rapidly increased the popularity of computers, quality software is the key to determine the value of information systems. Unfortunately, software development is a highly uncertain business. Many projects fail or escalate. Since software development is a labor and knowledge intensive taks, proper management of team composition is a critical research issue. The purpose of his research is to explore the relationship between knowledge diversity of software team and project performance. Research on team composition and performance is not new. However, few have studied the relationship on software development team. In this research, a research framework based on conflict theory is developed and an empirical study was conducted on Taiwanese firms to examine the extended model. Major funding include (1) knowledge diversity has significant positive effects on task conflict, and the task conflict has significant positive effects on team learning, (2) value diversity has positive effects on relationship conflict, and the relationship conflict has positive effect on the quality of interaction. These findings are useful in helping decision makers to manage software project teams by selecting the right team members.

Because most of Taiwan semiconductor industry are (OEM; Original Equipment Manufacturer) and the major customers have two type: One is IDM which has own IC design, fab manufacturing, IC assembly and IC test, for example IBM,Inter¡Ketc.And the other is IC design houses which only have IC design, and let fab manufacturing, IC assembly and IC test outsourcing, for example Media Tek, Etron...etc. In order to force on core technology, the company¡¦s strategy is outsourcing and the outsourcing capacity will release to subcontractors. How to increase new package development performance is the major points to make sure subcontractors can get outsourcing capacity and it also can let company transfer from OEM to ODM. New package development is the basic procedure and the core technology in the semiconductor industry. Due to the product become high risk, shorter life cycle time and faster technology innovation, it causes the company will be more competitive in the world. In order to keep growth, it¡¦s very important to make sure the success of new package development. That¡¦s reason why more and more company involve customers knowledge in the new package development to reduce uncertainty, shear financial risk and provide the key decision. Believe in the customer knowledge management, customer characteristic and market information are all affect the new product development performance.