O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de quatro sistemas de alimentação sobre o desempenho e características da carcaça na terminação de cordeiros Corriedale. Foram utilizados 120 cordeiros com dez meses de idade, castrados, com peso inicial médio de 28,2±0,800 kg e escore de condição corporal de 2,65±0,2. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: PAS: pastagem; PAS0,6: pastagem + 0,6% do peso vivo (PV) de suplemento; PAS1,2: pastagem + 1,2% PV de suplemento e confinamento (CONF): confinamento. Foi utilizado um delineamento completamente cazualizado, onde o animal foi a unidade experimental. Os cordeiros terminados em CONF apresentaram ganhos médios diários de 105, 73 e 31 gramas superiores aos cordeiros terminados em PAS, PAS0,6 e PAS1,2, respectivamente (P<0,05). Não houve diferença no rendimento de carcaça dos animais dos tratamentos CONF (47,78%) e PAS 0,6 (46,20%), os quais foram superiores aos apresentados pelos animais dos tratamentos PAS (44,36%) e PAS 1,2 (45,59%). Os teores de gordura subcutânea dos animais PAS0,6 (4,39%) e dos animais em CONF (4,01) foram superiores aos apresentados pelos animais com PAS1,2 (2,75%) (P<0,05). A percentagem de músculo nas carcaças dos animais suplementados (55,96%) foram superiores aos valores apresentados pelos animais em pastejo (54,95%) e em confinamento (53,65%) (P<0,05). A percentagem de músculo nas carcaças dos animais suplementados (55,96%) foram superiores aos valores apresentados pelos animais em pastejo (54,95%) e em confinamento (53,65%) (P<0,05). A percentagem de osso nas carcaças diminuiu com o aumento no nível de suplementação (P<0,05). O sistema de alimentação afetou a tipificação de carcaças, sendo que os animais terminados em PAS0,6 e PAS1,2 apresentaram níveis moderados na gordura de cobertura enquanto as carcaças dos animais terminados em CONF apresentaram excessiva cobertura de gordura (P<0,05). A terminação de cordeiros pesados em sistemas de alimentação em pastagem com níveis moderados de suplementação permitem obter pesos e qualidades de carcaça de acordo com as exigências do Mercado Europeu. / The trial was lead in order to evaluate the effect of four feeding systems on the performance and characteristics of the carcass of finishing Corriedale lambs. One hundred and twenty ten-month-old castrated lambs, 28,2 ± 0,800 kg of average initial live weight and body condition score 2,65±0.2 were used. Animals grassed an improved native pasture with legume specie (Lótus corniculatus cv INIA Draco) and they were assigned to four treatments: PAS: pasture; PAS0,6: pasture + 0,6%BW of supplement; PAS1,2: pasture + 1,2% BW of supplement and CONF: drylot. Completely random designs were used, and an animal was an experimental united. Average daily gains on CONF were 105, 73 and 31 grams higher than those finished in PAS, PAS0,6 and PAS1,2, respectively. There were differences of carcass yield for CONF treatments (47,78 %) and PAS 0,6 (46,20%), which were higher than PAS (44,36%) and PAS1,2 (45,59%) treatments. Subcutaneous fat tissue of animals fed treatments PAS0,6 (4,39%) and CONF (4,01) were larger than those fed treatments PAS1,2 (2,75%) (P<0,05). The e percentage of muscle in the carcasses of supplemented animals (55,96%) was larger than those raised without supplementation (P<0,05). The feeding system affected the conformation and termination. Animals finished in PAS0,6 and PAS1,2, had moderated levels of subcutaneous fat tissue, while carcasses of animals finished on drylot had deeper fat covering (P<0,05). Lambs finishing, on pasture with moderate supplementations levels, fitted live weights and carcass characteristics demanded for the European market.

A mecânica dos solos não saturados tem se tornado um importante tema de pesquisas dedicadas a entender o comportamento dos solos não saturados e otimizar sua utilização em várias obras civis. A curva de retenção de água, definida como a relação entre a sucção e a quantidade de água presente no solo, é considerada um elemento chave na interpretação do comportamento e propriedades dos solos não saturados tais como a condutividade hidráulica e a resistência ao cisalhamento. Este trabalho apresenta a estrutura de um banco de dados projetado para armazenar informações de solos brasileiros com enfoque nas características de retenção de água. O banco de dados inclui a curva de retenção e os parâmetros de ajuste das equações de van Genuchten (1980) e Fredlund & Xing (1994), assim como informações das características dos solos como índices físicos, classificações dos solos, análises granulométricas, índices de consistência e localização e estado da amostra. Além da estimativa da função condutividade hidráulica, o banco de dados oferece duas ferramentas que permitem a pesquisa rápida ou detalhada das informações e os dados armazenados podem ser mostrados na tela ou em relatórios impressos / Unsaturated soil mechanics has become an important subject of research devoted to understand the behavior of unsaturated soils and optimize their use in several civil works. The soil-water characteristic curve, defined as the relationship between the suction and the amount of water present in the soil, is considered as the key in the interpretation of the behavior and properties of unsaturated soils, such as the hydraulic conductivity and the shear strength. This paper presents the structure of a database designed to store information of brazilian soils with focus in the characteristics of water retention. The database includes the retention curves and the parameters of adjusted van Genuchten and Fredlund & Xing equations and also information of soil characteristics such as physical indexes, soil classifications, particle-size analysis, consistency indexes and location and kind of used samples. Beyond the estimate of hydraulic conductivity, the database presents two search tools that allow for quick and detailed recovering of information and stored data can be displayed on screen or in printed reports

abstract: 摘要 当前中国农村集体经济呈现出后劲不足、区域失衡等问题。在此背景下，如何破解集体经济发展困境、实现其从梯度到均衡的演进成为学术领域关注的热点。本文梳理总结了国内外集体经济的相关研究成果，阐述了主要涉及的基础概念、理论和方法模型；以2008~2015年无锡市滨湖区92个村为研究样本，分析了该区域集体经济的发展现状和演变进程；构建面板回归模型，探索了该区域集体经济发展的驱动因素与分布不平衡性；并从空间关联视角切入，探索了驱动因素的溢出效应；最后基于研究结果提出对策建议。主要结论如下： （1）2008~2015年，92个村的村级集体经济发展整体呈现上升趋势，但地区间的贫富差距明显；2008年、2011年和2015年92个村按村级集体经济总收入可划分为高、中、低3类，并且在不同时段，各等级间的村级集体单位会相互迁移；集体经济收入呈现明显的右偏分布，尖峰厚尾的特征显著。随着时间的推移，集体经济发展出现了“双峰趋同”的现象。 （2）普通面板回归显示，物质资本、经济工作能力、科技进步对于村级集体经济发展有正向的依次减弱的影响，人口数量的影响为负；面板分位数回归显示，随着分位数水平的提高，物质资本系数先上升、后下降再上升；经济工作能力系数逐渐减小；人口规模系数先下降后上升；科技进步系数波动上升。 （3）空间计量结果显示，各变量对于村级集体经济发展具有一定的溢出效应，其中，物质资本的溢出效应为正（不显著），经济工作能力的溢出效应为正（显著），人口因素的溢出效应为负（不显著），科技进步的溢出效应为正（显著）。 本文的创新之处在于使用较难获取的2008-2015年92个村面板数据进行回归，相比于截面数据，更准确地测度了各要素对集体经济的真实影响；将空间关联因素纳入研究视域，探究了村级集体经济驱动因素的空间溢出效应。 / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2019

Let $k$ be a field and $B$ a finite-dimensional, associative, unital $k$-algebra. For each $1 \le d \le \dim_kB$, let $\operatorname{AlgGr}_d(B)$ denote the projective variety of $d$-dimensional subalgebras of $B$, and let $\operatorname{Aut}_k(B)$ denote the automorphism group of $B$. In this thesis, we are primarily concerned with understanding the relationship between $\operatorname{AlgGr}_d(B)$, the representation theory of $B$, and the representation theory of $\operatorname{Aut}_k(B)$. We begin by proving fundamental structure theorems for the maximal subalgebras of $B$. We show that maximal subalgebras of $B$ come in two flavors, which we call split type and separable type. As a consequence, we provide complete classifications for maximal subalgebras of semisimple algebras and basic algebras. We also demonstrate that the maximality of $A$ in $B$ is related to the representation theory of $B$, through the separability of functors closely associated with the extension $A \subset B$. The rest of this document showcases applications of these results. For $k = \bar{k}$, we compute the maximal dimension of a proper subalgebra of $B$. We discuss the problem of computing the minimal number of generators for $B$ (as an algebra), and provide upper and lower bounds for basic algebras. We then study $\operatorname{AlgGr}_d(B)$ in detail, again when $B$ is basic. When $d = \dim_kB-1$, we find a projective embedding of $\operatorname{AlgGr}_d(B)$, and explicitly describe its associated homogeneous vanishing ideal. In turn, we provide a simple description of its irreducible components. We find equivalent conditions for this variety to be a finite union of $\operatorname{Aut}_k(B)$-orbits, and describe several classes of algebras which satisfy these conditions. Furthermore, we provide an algebraic description for the orbits of connected maximal subalgebras of type-$\mathbb{A}$ path algebras. Finally, we study the fixed-point variety $\operatorname{AlgGr}_d(B)^{\operatorname{Aut}_k(B)}$ (for general $d$), which connects naturally to the representation theory of $\operatorname{Aut}_k(B)$. We investigate the case where $B$ is a truncated path algebra over $\mathbb{C}$ in detail.

A sub-sample of 814 nonvirgin, adolescent females was drawn from the 1979 U. S. National Survey of Young Women in order to study the correlates of age at first sexual intercourse. This sample was analyzed using a conceptual model developed from past research, as well as some intuitively interesting associations meriting investigation. Multiple regression procedures were used in analysis of variables by block. In the block analysis several variables were found to predict age at first sexual intercourse. These variables included all the control variables (respondent's age, race, religion, and age at menarche), household income, ideal age for first marriage, ideal age for first birth, and enjoyment of dangerous activities. The control variables were found to account for a major portion of the variance in the model. Of the controls, chronological age and age at menarche were highly significant across all the models tested. The significant independent variables in the model were total household income, ideal age for marriage and ideal age at first birth, however, these three variables accounted for a small proportion of the total variance in the model, net of controls.

This thesis is focused around Edgeworth's expansion for approximation of distribution for parameter estimation. Aim of the thesis is to introduce term Edgeworth's expansion, its assumptions and terminology associated with it. Afterwards demonstrate process of deducting first term of Edgeworth's expansion. In the end demonstrate this deduction on examples and compare it with different approximations (mainly central limit theorem), and show strong and weak points of Edgeworth's expansion.

Many disorders found in humans are caused by abnormalities in DNA. Genetic testing of DNA provides a way for clinicians to identify disease-causing mutations in patients. Once patients with potentially disease-causing mutations are identified, they can be enrolled in treatment or preventative programs to improve the patients' long term quality of life. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) provides a high- resolution, genome-wide method for detecting chromosomal abnormalities. Using computer software, chromosome abnormalities, or copy number variations (CNVs) can be identified from aCGH data. The development of a software tool to analyze the performance of CGH microarrays is of great benefit to clinical laboratories. Calibration of parameters used in aCGH software tools can maximize the performance of these arrays in a clinical setting. According to the American College of Medical Genetics, the validation of a clinical chromosomal microarray platform should be performed by testing a large number (200-300) of well-characterized cases, each with unique CNVs located throughout the genome. Because of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment of 1988 and the lack of an FDA approved whole genome chromosomal microarray platform the ultimate responsibility for validating the performance characteristics of this technology falls to the clinical laboratory performing the testing. To facilitate this task, we have established a computational analytical validation procedure for CGH microarrays that is comprehensive, efficient, and low cost. This validation uses a higher resolution microarray to validate a lower resolution microarray with a receiver operating characteristic (ROC)-based analysis. From the results we are able to estimate an optimal log2 threshold range for determining the presence or absence (calling) of CNVs.

薪資制度的設計一向被認為是組織設計中極為重要的因素之一。薪資不單是企業為獲得勞務所支付員工的代價，更具有誘導員工順從與激勵員工行為等多種功能。因此，薪資設計的議題不但受到學術界的重視，同時亦是實務界所關心的問題。近年來，薪資設計的焦點，多著重於策略性薪酬的觀點。在此觀點之下，組織的薪資設計與組織環境特性配合的狀況，將會對員工的行為與績效造成顯著的影響。因此，組織在設計薪資時，必須考慮到產業特性、組織策略、內部環境及工作特性等因素。 本研究主要依據組織理論的要旨來建構實證模型，理論基礎包括代理理論、權變理論、資源依賴理論、公平理論、交易成本理論等。此模型強調，一職位之工作特性會影響薪資之給付基礎。本研究並假設，工作複雜度與工作可察性會影響薪資給付基礎中職務基礎薪資、技能基礎薪資、績效基礎薪資運用比重高低。因此，管理者需視職位工作特性的不同，設計不同薪資給付基礎比重的薪資制度。此外，影響薪資設計的因素也包括一些人力資本變數與組織因素，例如員工性別、年齡、年資、婚姻狀況、教育程度、所屬部門、擔任職位、行業別、工會屬性、公司國別等。本研究並根據「台灣地區企業名錄」隨機抽取各行業之公司，徵求人事主管的協助，發放至組織中不同職位之員工。共計發放至13家公司，1000份問卷。最後共回收9家公司，有效問卷436份，有效回收率為43.6%。 經由統計分析結果可知，工作特性的不同，確實會影響薪資給付基礎之比重。一職位之工作複雜度愈高，使用職務基礎薪資之比重愈高；工作可察性愈高，使用職務基礎薪資之比重亦愈高。工作複雜度愈高，使用技能基礎薪資之比重愈高；工作可察性愈高，使用技能基礎薪資之比重愈高。至於績效基礎薪資方面，工作複雜度與績效基礎薪資有正面之影響效果；工作可察性則與績效基礎薪資有負面的影響效果，但未達到顯著水準。 綜觀國內外學術界對工作特性與薪資策略之研究，多以部門或廠場為研究單位，較少以個人或職位為做為分析。本研究以員工個人為分析單位，並跨產業進行系統性的實證研究，如此更可釐清工作特性與薪資設計之關係。並藉由問卷資料的蒐集以及分析，對於工作特性與薪資設計以提供工作特性對薪資設計影響之實證支持。但由於樣本中採行績效基礎薪資之人數不多，於績效薪資方面未達顯著效果。故宜擴大樣本範圍，進行更大規模之實證研究，以提供工作特性對薪資設計影響更有力之實證支持。

<p>Entreprenörskap skapar nya idéer, nya produkter och nya jobb och är därmed viktigt för ett lands ekonomiska utveckling. I Sverige blir det en alltmer globaliserad ekonomi, som leder till strukturförändringar i näringslivet. För att Sverige ska klara av den framtida tillväxten behövs fler företag startas. Företag är bra för samhället. Med inspiration från Gartner´s resonemang om att intresset inom entreprenörskap skall fokuseras på hur organisationen uppstår och bildas, är vårt syfte med uppsatsen att studera och klargöra faktorer som påverkar framväxten av entreprenörskap. Vi har valt att använda oss av en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod som fokuserar på närhet till det man undersöker och vi har genomfört fem intervjuer med fem olika entreprenörer som på ett eller annat sätt har tagit hjälp av Drivhuset i Gävleborg i samband med deras verksamhetsetablering. Teorierna som finns i uppsatsen utgår ifrån ett processrelaterat perspektiv inom entreprenörskap, där vi har valt att behandla entreprenörens egenskaper och familjens påverkan, samt nätverket. Dessa tre teman har utvecklats från intervjuerna och utgör stommen i såväl empiri- som teori- och analysdelen. Vårt arbete indikerar att dessa tre faktorer; entreprenörens egenskaper, familjens påverkan och nätverket sammantaget framkallar intentionen om skapandet mot entreprenörskap. Vad som också framgår är att delarnas påverkan inte behöver vara av samma omfattning. Detta innebär att dessa faktorer har olika stor påverkan på individen och hos vissa entreprenörer finns inte ens alla faktorer representerade. Individen kan ändå bedriva framgångsrikt entreprenörskap.</p> / <p>Entrepreneurship creates new ideas, new products and new jobs and is thereby important for a country’s economic development. Sweden is shifting toward a more globalised economy, which in turn leads to structural changes in trade and industry. More companies must be created if Sweden is to handle growth in the future. Companies are good for the society. Inspired by Gartner’s discussion that interest in entrepreneurship should be focused upon how organisations arise, our purpose with this paper is to study and clarify the factors that influence entrepreneurial growth. We have chosen a qualitative approach in our study about the influencing factors, a method emphasising nearness to the object studied. We have performed five interviews with five different entrepreneurs who in one way or another received assistance with their business establishment from Drivhuset in Gävleborg. The theories in this paper have a process orientated perspective in entrepreneurship where we have chosen to discuss the entrepreneur’s characteristics, the influence of family, and the entrepreneur’s own network. These three themes have evolved from the interviews and they make up the framework in the empirical as well as the theoretical and analytical parts. Our study indicates that it is these factors—the entrepreneur’s characteristics, family influence and networking—which together lie behind the creative intention that precedes entrepreneurship. The results also show that each specific influencing component doesn’t necessarily occur to the same extent as the others. This means that the factors have different effects on the individual and that not all factors are influential with some entrepreneurs. These individuals can still become successful entrepreneurs.</p>

A two-dimensional isotropic metamaterials formed by crossed split-ring resonators (CSRRs) are studied in this paper. The effective characteristic parameters of this media are determined by quasi-static Lorentz theory. The induced current distributions of a single CSRR at the resonant frequency are presented. Moreover, the dependence of the resonant frequency on the dimensions of single CSRR and the spaces of the array are also discussed. / Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA)