Choi, Kwong Shing. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Song, Xu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-96). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Table of Contents --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Abbreviations --- p.iv / Abstract --- p.v / Chapter Part I --- Carbon-Carbon Bonds Activation (CCA) of Ketones by Iridium(III) Porphyrins / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Carbon-Carbon Bonds Activation by Transition Metals --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations in CCA --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- C-C Bonds Activation by Low Valent Transition Metal Complexes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- CCA in Strained System --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- CCA Driven by Aromatization --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Chelation Assisted CCA --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- C-C Bonds Activation by High Valent Transition Metal Complexes --- p.11 / Chapter 1.5 --- Previous Mechanistic Studies on CCA by High Valent Transition Metal Complexes --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6 --- Objective of the Work --- p.16 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Carbon-Carbon Bonds Activation (CCA) of Ketones by Iridium(III) Porphyrins / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- CCA of Aromatic Ketones with Iridium(III) Porphyrins --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- CCA of Aromatic Ketones with Ir(III) Porphyrin Chloride --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- CCA of Aromatic Ketones with Ir(III) Porphyrin Methyl --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Steric Effect on CCA with Ir(III) Porphyrins --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- CCA of Aliphatic Ketones with Iridium(III) Porphyrins --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- CCA of Unstrained Aliphatic Ketones with Ir(III) Porphyrins --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- CCA of Cyclic Aliphatic Ketones with Ir(III) Porphyrins --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Preliminary Mechanistic Studies of Carbon-Carbon Bonds Activation (CCA) / Chapter 3.1 --- Proposed Mechanism of CCA with Ir(III) Porphyrin Chloride --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Proposed Mechanism of CCA with Ir(III) Porphyrin Methyl --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3 --- Determination of CCA co-product in situ --- p.30 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.31 / Experimental Section --- p.33 / References --- p.44 / List of Spectra I --- p.48 / Chapter Part II --- Supramolecular Chemistry of C6o with Ir(III) Porphyrin Methyl / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Supramolecular Interactions --- p.62 / Chapter 1.2 --- Introduction of C6o --- p.67 / Chapter 1.3 --- Supramolecular Interactions between C6o and Metalloporphyrins --- p.70 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Discovery of Supramolecular Interactions between C6o And Metalloporphyrins --- p.70 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Development of C6o-Metalloporphyrin Supramolecular Structure and Application --- p.71 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Investigation on C6o-Metalloporphyrin Bonding Nature --- p.73 / Chapter 1.4 --- Objective of the Work --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Supramolecular Interaction between C60 and Ir(III) Porphyrin Methyl / Chapter 2.1 --- Synthesis of C60-Ir(ttp)Me Complexes --- p.77 / Chapter 2.2 --- X-ray Structure Analysis of C60-Ir(ttp)Me Complexes --- p.78 / Chapter 2.3 --- 1H NMR Analysis of C60-Ir(ttp)Me Complexes --- p.83 / Chapter 2.4 --- 13C NMR Analysis of C60-Ir(ttp)Me Complexes --- p.84 / Chapter 2.5 --- Binding Constant of C60-Ir(ttp)Me Complexes Using UV-Vis Analysis --- p.85 / Chapter 2.6 --- Summary --- p.87 / Experimental Section --- p.88 / References --- p.92 / Appendix --- p.97 / List of Spectra II --- p.101 / Reprint of OM Paper --- p.112 / Supporting Information for Organometallics Paper --- p.118

by Fung Chun-wah. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-119). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Table of Contents --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.v / Abbreviations --- p.vi / Abstract --- p.vii / Chapter PART I: --- ACTIVATION OF CARBON-CARBON BONDS OF NITRILES BY RHODIUM PORPHYRIN RADICAL / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Activation of Carbon-Carbon Bond (CCA) by Transitional Metals --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Potential Application of C-C Bond Activation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1.1.1 --- Cracking --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1.1.2 --- Depolymerization --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations in CCA --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1.3 --- C-C Bond Activation in Strained System --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1.4 --- C-C Bond Activation facilitated by Aromatization --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.1.5 --- C-C Bond Activation of Carbonyl Compounds --- p.9 / Chapter 1.1.1.6 --- C-C Bond Activation of the Nitriles --- p.13 / Chapter 1.1.1.7 --- Selective C-C Bond Activation on a Multimetallic Site --- p.16 / Chapter 1.1.1.8 --- Intramolecular sp2 -sp3 C-C Bond Activation in PCP System --- p.17 / Chapter 1.1.1.9 --- CCA in N-Heterocyclic Carbene --- p.18 / Chapter 1.1.1.10 --- CCA in Pt(0) complexes bearing Chelating P´ةN- and P´ةP- Ligands --- p.19 / Chapter 1. 1.1.11 --- CCA of Alkyne via Hydroiminoacylation by Rh(I) Catalyst --- p.20 / Chapter I. 1.1.12 --- CCA in Homoallylic Alcohol by β-Allyl Elimination --- p.21 / Chapter I. 1.1.13 --- C-C Bond Activation by Metathesis of Alkanes --- p.23 / Chapter I.1.2 --- Structural Features of Rhodium Porphyrins --- p.25 / Chapter I.1.3 --- Objective of the Work --- p.27 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation (CCA) of Nitriles by Rhodium Porphyrin Radical --- p.28 / Chapter I.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.28 / Chapter I.2.1.1 --- CCA of Nitroxides by Rhodium(II) Porphyrin Radical Rh(por) --- p.28 / Chapter I.2.2 --- CCA of Nitriles by Rh(tmp) Radical --- p.29 / Chapter I.2.2.1 --- Synthesis of Rh(tmp)Me --- p.29 / Chapter I.2.2.2 --- Synthesis of Rh(tmp) Radical --- p.30 / Chapter I.2.2.3 --- Ligand effect on CCA --- p.31 / Chapter I.2.2.3.1 --- Synthesis of Phosphines --- p.31 / Chapter I.2.2.3.2 --- Reactions between Rh(tmp) and Phosphines --- p.32 / Chapter I.2.2.3.3 --- Synthesis of Alkyl Rh(tmp) --- p.35 / Chapter I.2.2.4 --- CCA of Nitriles by Rh(tmp) with PPh3 added --- p.36 / Chapter I.2.2.4.1 --- Synthesis of Nitrile --- p.36 / Chapter I.2.2.4.2 --- Reactions between Rh(tmp) and Nitriles --- p.37 / Chapter I.2.3.4 --- Proposed Mechanism of CCA --- p.44 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Experimental Section --- p.46 / Conclusion --- p.63 / References --- p.64 / Chapter PART II --- ACTIVATION OF CARBON-SILICON BONDS OF NITRILES BY RHODIUM PORPHYRIN RADICAL --- p.71 / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- General Introduction --- p.71 / Chapter II. 1.1 --- Carbon-Silicon Bond Activation by Transitional Metals --- p.71 / Chapter II. 1.1.1 --- Potential Application of C-Si Bond Activation --- p.72 / Chapter II.l. l.2 --- C(sp3)-Si Bond Activation --- p.73 / Chapter II. 1.1.2.1 --- Intermolecular C(sp3)-Si Bond Activation in Strained System --- p.73 / Chapter II. 1.1.2.2 --- Intermolecular C(sp3)-Si Bond Activation in Unstrained System --- p.76 / Chapter II. 1.1.3 --- C(sp2)-Si Bond Activation --- p.78 / Chapter II. 1.1.3.1 --- Intermolecular C(aryl)-Si Bond Activation --- p.78 / Chapter II. 1.1.3.2 --- Intramolecular C(aryl)-Si Bond Activation --- p.84 / Chapter II. 1.1.3.3 --- C(vinyl)-Si Bond Activation --- p.87 / Chapter II. 1.1.4 --- C(sp)-Si Bond Activation --- p.89 / Chapter II. 1.2 --- Objective of the Work --- p.92 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- Carbon-Silicon Bond Activation (CSA) of Nitriles --- p.93 / Chapter II.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.93 / Chapter II.2.2 --- Reactions between Rh(tmp) Radical and Silylnitriles --- p.93 / Chapter II.2.2.1 --- Investigation the CSA of Trimethylsilylcyanide by Rh(tmp) --- p.93 / Chapter II.2.2.1.1 --- Synthesis of Rh(tmp)SiMe3 --- p.93 / Chapter II.2.2.1.2 --- Synthesis of Rh(tmp)CN --- p.94 / Chapter II.2.2.1.3 --- Reactions between Rh(tmp) and Trimethylsilylcyanide --- p.95 / Chapter II.2.2.1.4 --- Ligands effect on CSA of Trimethylsilylcyanide by Rh(tmp) --- p.98 / Chapter II.2.2.1.5 --- Temperature effect on CSA --- p.101 / Chapter II.2.2.2 --- Reactions between Rh(tmp) and other Silylnitriles --- p.102 / Chapter II.2.3 --- Mechanism of CSA of Trimethylsilylcyanide --- p.103 / Chapter II.2.3.1 --- Proposed Mechanism of CSA of Trimethylsilylcyanide by Rh(tmp) --- p.104 / Chapter II.2.4 --- A Comparison of CSA and CCA of Nitriles --- p.105 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Experimental Section --- p.107 / Conclusion --- p.116 / References --- p.117 / List of Spectra --- p.120 / Spectra --- p.121

Law Chi-Kin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The Gaussian´ؤ3 Method --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- The G3 Method with Reduced Mφller-Plesset Order and Basis Set --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Gaussian-3X Method --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Calculation of Thermodynamical Data --- p.3 / Chapter 1.5 --- Remark on the Location of Equilibrium and Transition Structures --- p.3 / Chapter 1.6 --- Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) Analysis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.7 --- Scope of the Thesis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.8 --- References --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Gaussian´ؤ3 Heats of Formation for (CH)6 Isomers --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods of Calculation and Results --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Discussion --- p.9 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusion --- p.11 / Chapter 2.5 --- Publication Note --- p.12 / Chapter 2.6 --- References --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- A Gaussian-3 Investigation of N7 Isomers --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2 --- Computational Method and Results --- p.16 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.16 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.24 / Chapter 3.5 --- Publication Note --- p.24 / Chapter 3.6 --- References --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- A Gaussian-3 Study of N7+ and N7- Isomers --- p.27 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.27 / Chapter 4.2 --- Computational Method and Results --- p.29 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.30 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- The N7+ isomers --- p.30 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- The N7- isomers --- p.37 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.41 / Chapter 4.5 --- Publication Note --- p.41 / Chapter 4.6 --- References --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- "Thermochemistry of Chlorine Fluorides ClFn, n = 1-7, and Their Singly Charged Cations and Anions: A Gaussian-3 and Gaussian-3X Study" --- p.45 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.45 / Chapter 5.2 --- Methods of Calculations --- p.47 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.48 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Comparison of the G3 and G3X methods --- p.48 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Assessments of the experimental results --- p.54 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- "Bond dissociation energies of ClFn, ClFn+, and ClFn-" --- p.57 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Summary of the thermochemical data --- p.58 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.59 / Chapter 5.5 --- Publication Note --- p.60 / Chapter 5.6 --- References --- p.60 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- A Gaussian-3 Study of the Photoionization and Dissociative Photoionization Channels of Dimethyl Sulfide --- p.63 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.63 / Chapter 6.2 --- Methods of Calculations --- p.64 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.64 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Bond cleavage reactions --- p.67 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Dissociation channels involving transition structures --- p.68 / Chapter 6.4 --- Conclusion --- p.70 / Chapter 6.5 --- Publication Note --- p.70 / Chapter 6.6 --- References --- p.70 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- "Theoretical Study of the Electronic Structures of Carbon and Silicon Nanotubes, Carbon and Silicon Nanowires" --- p.72 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.72 / Chapter 7.2 --- Models and Computational Methods --- p.74 / Chapter 7.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.75 / Chapter 7.4 --- Conclusion --- p.87 / Chapter 7.5 --- Publication Note --- p.87 / Chapter 7.6 --- References --- p.87 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Conclusion --- p.90 / Appendix A --- p.91 / Appendix B

本論文主要探討銠卟啉和銥卟啉絡合物，分別與酮類與醛類進行的鍵活化化學。 / 第一部分主要介紹由β-乙基羥基銠卟啉絡合物(Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)CH₂CH₂OH)與酮類進行的羰基碳及α-碳(C(CO)-C(α)) 鍵活化(下稱碳碳鍵活化)。於室溫至50ºC時，在非溶劑的條件下，Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)CH₂CH₂OH選擇性地斷裂芳香酮和脂肪酮類的C(CO)-C(α)鍵，生成相對應的銠卟啉酰基絡合物(Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)COR, R = 烷基或芳基)，產率最高可達80%。作為銠卟啉羥基絡合物(Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)OH)的前體，Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)CH₂CH₂OH的活性展示出Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)OH是碳碳鍵活化的重要中間體。 / 第二部分主要介紹由β-乙基羥基銥卟啉絡合物(Ir{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)CH₂CH₂OH)與芳香醛類進行，具選擇性的醛碳氫鍵活化。在160ºC和非溶劑的條件下，Ir{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)CH₂CH₂OH與芳香醛類反應，生成相對應的銥卟啉酰基絡合物(Ir{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)COAr)作為碳氫鍵活化產物，產率最高可達72%。銥卟啉羥基絡合物(Ir{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)OH)和乙烯配位銥卟啉絡合正離子((CH₂=CH₂)Ir{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)⁺)被推斷為醛碳氫鍵活化的可能中間體。 / This research focuses on the bond activation chemistry by rhodium and iridium porphyrin complexes with ketones and aldehyde respectively. / Part 1 describes the C(CO)-C(α) bond activation (CCA) of ketones by Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)CH₂CH₂OH (ttp = 5,10,15,20-tetratolylporphyrinato dianion). Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)- CH₂CH₂OH selectively cleaved the C(CO)-C(α) bond of aromatic and aliphatic ketones in solvent-free conditions at room temperature to 50ºC, giving the corresponding rhodium(III) porphyrin acyls (Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)COR, R = alkyl or aryl) up to 80% yield. The activity of the Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)OH precursor, Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)CH₂CH₂OH, demonstrates Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)OH as the key intermediate in the CCA of ketones. / [With images]. / Part 2 describes the selective aldehydic carbon-hydrogen bond activation (CHA) of aryl aldehydes by Ir{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)CH₂CH₂OH. Ir{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)CH₂CH₂OH reacted with aryl aldehydes in solvent-free conditions at 160ºC to give the corresponding iridium(III) porphyrin acyls (Ir{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)COAr) as the CHA products up to 72% yield. Ir{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)OH and (CH₂=CH₂)Ir{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)⁺ were proposed as the possible intermediate for the CHA reaction. / [With images]. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Chan, Chung Sum. / "November 2012." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.vii / Structural Abbreviations of Porphyrin --- p.viii / Chapter Part 1 --- Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation of Ketones with Rhodium(III) Porphyrin β-Hydroxyethyl --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Properties of Ketones --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Carbon(CO)-Carbon(α) Bond Activation (CCA) of Ketones --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- CCA of Ketones by Transition Metal Complexes --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- CCA of Ketones by Metalloporphyrins --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Porphyrin Ligands and Rhodium(III) Porphyrins --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Porphyrin Ligands --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Rhodium(III) Porphyrins --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Rhodium(III) Porphyrin Hydroxide --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Nature of Bonding in Late Transition Metal Hydroxides --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Hard-Soft Acid-Base principle --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- dπ-pπ Interaction Model --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- E-C Model --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Attempted Preparation of Rhodium(III) Porphyrin Hydroxides --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Chemistry of Rhodium(III) Porphyrin Hydroxides --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5 --- Rhodium(III) Porphyrin β-hydroxyethyl as Rhodium(III) Hydroxide Precursor --- p.18 / Chapter 1.6 --- Objective --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation of Ketones with Rhodium(III) Porphyrin β-Hydroxyethyl --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1 --- Preparation of Starting Materials --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Synthesis of Porphyrin --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Synthesis of Rhodium(III) Porphyrins --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- CCA of Diisopropyl Ketone by Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)CH₂CH₂OH --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3 --- Optimization of Reaction Conditions --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Atmosphere Effect --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- PPh3 Effect --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Solvent Effect --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4 --- Substrate Scope --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- CCA of Isopropyl Ketones --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- CCA of Non-Isopropyl Ketones --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5 --- Proposed Mechanism --- p.29 / Chapter 2.6 --- Comparison on CCA of Ketones by Different Rh{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(por)OH Sources --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Reaction Conditions --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Substrate Scope --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Regioselectivity --- p.33 / Chapter 2.7 --- Comparison on Bond Activation of Carbonyl Compounds by Rhodium Porphyrin β-Hydroxyethyl --- p.34 / Chapter 2.8 --- CCA of Ketones with Ir{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)CH₂CH₂OH --- p.36 / Chapter 2.9 --- Conclusion --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Experimental Sections --- p.39 / References --- p.54 / List of Spectra I --- p.59 / Spectra --- p.60 / Chapter Part 2 --- Aldehydic Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Activation with Iridium(III) Porphyrin β-Hydroxyethyl --- p.63 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.63 / Chapter 1.1 --- Properties of Aldehydes --- p.63 / Chapter 1.2 --- Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Activation (CHA) of Aldehydes --- p.64 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- CHA of Aldehydes by Transition Metal Complexes --- p.64 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Aldehydic CHA by Metalloporphyrins --- p.74 / Chapter 1.3 --- Iridium(III) Porphyrins --- p.77 / Chapter 1.4 --- Iridium(III) Porphyrin Hydroxide --- p.78 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Attempted Preparation of Iridium(III) Porphyrin Hydroxides --- p.78 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Chemistry of Iridium(III) Porphyrin Hydroxides --- p.81 / Chapter 1.5 --- Iridium(III) Porphyrin β-hydroxyethyl as Iridium(III) Hydroxide Precursor --- p.83 / Chapter 1.6 --- Objective --- p.85 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Aldehydic Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Activation with Iridium(III) Porphyrin β-Hydroxyethyl --- p.86 / Chapter 2.1 --- Preparation of Iridium(III) Porphyrins --- p.86 / Chapter 2.2 --- Aldehydic CHA of Benzaldehyde by Ir{U+1D35}{U+1D35}{U+1D35}(ttp)CH₂CH₂OH --- p.87 / Chapter 2.3 --- Optimization of Reaction Conditions --- p.87 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Temperature Effect --- p.87 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Solvent Effect --- p.88 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- PPh₃ Effect --- p.90 / Chapter 2.4 --- Substrate Scope --- p.93 / Chapter 2.5 --- Proposed Mechanism --- p.94 / Chapter 2.6 --- Conclusion --- p.96 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Experimental Sections --- p.97 / References --- p.108 / List of Spectra II --- p.112 / Spectra --- p.112

本文主要探討在有水的條件下，分別以銠卟啉和鈷卟啉絡合物與無張酮反應發生選擇羰基碳及α碳(C(CO)-C(α))鍵活化（下稱碳碳鍵活化）的反應活性和反應機。 / 在200°C，無張芳香和脂肪酮與5, 10, 15, 20-(四甲苯) 銠卟啉絡合物（RhIII(ttp)X，X = Cl 和Me）進反應，生成相對應的碳碳鍵活化產物－銠卟啉酰基絡合物，產最高可達97%。與甲基和乙基酮衍生物相比，丙基酮衍生物有較高的活性,而且丙基酮衍生物的碳碳鍵活化反應甚至能在50°C 的低溫條件下進。 / 根據化學計學，環酮的碳碳鍵開環反應顯示RhIII(ttp)OH 是斷開C(CO)-C(α)鍵的中間體。 / 進一步的反應機研究表明， RhIII(ttp)OH 的羥基是從水中得。RhIII(ttp)X首先進α碳氫鍵活化生成動學產物。經過水解，α碳氫鍵活化產物可以重新形成RhIII(ttp)OH。然後，RhIII(ttp)OH 繼續進碳碳鍵活。 / 另外，經濟的5, 10, 15, 20-(四甲苯) 鈷卟啉絡合物與丙基酮衍生物反應，在室溫下可選擇性進碳碳鍵活化並得到鈷卟啉酰基化合物，產最高達82%。根據化學計學，CoIII(ttp)OH 被認為是碳碳鍵活化的中間體。CoIII(ttp)OH很有可能是通過鈷卟啉與水的歧化反應生成的。 / This thesis focuses on the reactivities and mechanistic studies of the rhodium and cobalt porphyrins (M(por)X) assisted selective carbon(CO)-carbon(α) bond activation (CCA) of unstrained ketones with water. / Unstrained aromatic and aliphatic ketones reacted with 5,10,15,20-tetratolylporphyrinato rhodium(III) complexes, Rh[superscript III](ttp)X (X = Cl and Me), at 200°C to give the corresponding rhodium porphyrin acyls as the CCA products up to 97% yield. Isopropyl ketones exhibit much higher reactivities over methyl and ethyl ketones and the CCA can even occur at a low temperature of 50 °C. / The ring openmg CCA of cyclic ketones suggests the carbon(CO)-carbon(α)bond is cleaved by Rh(ttp )OH according to the reaction stoichiometry. / Further mechanistic investigations suggest that water is the source of hydroxyl group to form Rh[superscript III](ttp)OH. Rh[superscript III](ttp)X first undergoes α-carbon-hydrogen bond activation (α-CHA) to give a kinetic product. Hydrolysis of the α-CHA complex affords Rh[superscript III](ttp)OH for subsequent CCA process. / Alternatively, the economically attractive 5,1 0,15,20-tetratolylporphyrinato cobalt(II) complexes, Co[superscript II](ttp), reacted chemoselectively with isopropyl ketones at the carbon(CO)-carbon(α) bond under room temperature to give high yields of cobalt porphyrin acyls up to 82% yields. Co[superscript III](ttp)OH is identified to be the CCA intermediate as suggested by the reaction stoichiometry. Generation of Co[superscript III](ttp )OH from Co[superscript II](ttp) via the disproportionation with water is proposed. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Fung, Hong Sang. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / Abbreviations --- p.ix / Structural Abbreviations for Porphyrins --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- General Introduction to Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Organic Examples of Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation with Transition Metal 2Complexes --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Ring Strain Relief --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Chelation Assistance --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Aromatization --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2.4 --- Carbonyl Functionality --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.5 --- β-Alkyl Elimination --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2.6 --- Formal Alkane Metathesis --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage of Ketones --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Properties of Ketones --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Organic Examples of Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage of Ketones --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Haloform Reaction --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Haller-Bauer Reaction --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.2.3 --- Baeyer-Villiger & Dakin Oxidation --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.2.4 --- Beckmann & Schmidt Rearrangement --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.2.5 --- Favorskii Rearrangement --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.2.6 --- Norrish Type I Reaction --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.2.7 --- Hydrolysis with Water --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Carbon(CO)-Carbon(α) Bond Activation of Ketones with Transition Metal Complexes --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Stoichiometric C(CO)-C(α) Bond Activation of Ketones --- p.18 / Chapter 1.2.3.1.1 --- Metal Insertion into Strained Ring --- p.18 / Chapter 1.2.3.1.2 --- Decarbonylation --- p.19 / Chapter 1.2.3.1.3 --- Chelation Assisted CCA of Unstrained Ketones --- p.19 / Chapter 1.2.3.1.4 --- Reaction with Benzyne Complex --- p.20 / Chapter 1.2.3.1.5 --- Reaction with Metal Hydroxide --- p.21 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Catalytic C(CO)-C(α) Bond Activation of Ketones --- p.22 / Chapter 1.2.3.2.1 --- Decarbonylation --- p.22 / Chapter 1.2.3.2.2 --- Insertion with Unsaturated Compounds --- p.23 / Chapter 1.2.3.2.3 --- Hydrogenolysis --- p.24 / Chapter 1.2.3.2.4 --- Ring Fusion --- p.25 / Chapter 1.3.3.2.5 --- [4+2+2] Annulation --- p.26 / Chapter 1.2.3.2.6 --- Alcoholysis and Aminolysis --- p.27 / Chapter 1.2.3.2.7 --- Hydroarylation --- p.28 / Chapter 1.2.3.2.8 --- Arylative Ring Expansion with Alkynes --- p.29 / Chapter 1.3 --- Water as An Oxidizing Agent --- p.29 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Water-Gas Shift Reaction --- p.30 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Hydration of C-C π-Bond --- p.31 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Cleavage of C≡C Bond --- p.31 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Oxidation of C-H Bond --- p.32 / Chapter 1.4 --- Transition Metal Hydroxide Chemistry --- p.33 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Preparation of Group 9 Metal Hydroxides --- p.34 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Ligand Substitution --- p.34 / Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- Oxidative Addition --- p.34 / Chapter 1.4.1.4 --- Hydrolysis --- p.35 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Chemistry of Transition Metal Hydroxide --- p.35 / Chapter 1.5 --- Introduction to Porphyrins and Group 9 Metalloporphyrins --- p.37 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Porphyrin Ligand --- p.37 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Metalloporphyrins --- p.38 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Chemistry of Group 9 Metalloporphyrins --- p.39 / Chapter 1.5.3.1 --- M[superscript I](por) Chemistry --- p.40 / Chapter 1.5.3.2 --- M[superscript II](por) Chemistry --- p.41 / Chapter 1.5.3.3 --- M[superscript III](por) Chemistry --- p.44 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Equilibration of MI(por), MI (por) and MIII(por) --- p.46 / Chapter 1.5.5 --- Chemistry of Group 9 Metalloporphyrin Hydroxide --- p.47 / Chapter 1.5.5.1 --- Metalloether Formation --- p.47 / Chapter 1.5.5.2 --- Reductive Dimerization --- p.48 / Chapter 1.5.5.3 --- Oxidation --- p.49 / Chapter 1.5.5.4 --- Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Activation --- p.50 / Chapter 1.5.5.5 --- Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation --- p.51 / Chapter 1.6 --- Scope of Thesis --- p.52 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Carbon(CO)-Carbon(α) Bond Activation of Ketones with Rhodium(lII) Porphyrin Complexes --- p.63 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.63 / Chapter 2.2 --- Objectives of the Work --- p.66 / Chapter 2.3 --- Preparation of Starting Materials --- p.66 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Synthesis of Porphyrin --- p.66 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Synthesis of Rhodium(III) Porphyrin Chloride --- p.67 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Synthesis of Rhodium(III) Porphyrin Methyl --- p.67 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Synthesis of Rh[superscript III](ttp)H --- p.68 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Synthesis of Rh[superscript II]₂(ttp)₂ --- p.68 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Synthesis of Rh[superscript I](ttp)-Na⁺ --- p.68 / Chapter 2.4 --- Optimization of Reaction Conditions with Acetophenone --- p.68 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Reaction with Rh[superscript III](ttp )OTf, Rh[superscript III](ttp)Cl and Rh[superscript III](ttp)Me --- p.68 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Temperature Effect --- p.70 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Porphyrin Ligand Effect --- p.70 / Chapter 2.5 --- Substrate Scope of the CCAReaction --- p.71 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- CCA of Acetophenones --- p.71 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- CCA of Aromatic and Aliphatic Ketones --- p.72 / Chapter 2.6 --- Low Temperature CCA with Isopropyl Ketones --- p.76 / Chapter 2.7 --- Oxidation of the C(CO)-C(α) Bond --- p.77 / Chapter 2.8 --- Water as a Source of Oxidant --- p.80 / Chapter 2.9 --- Regioselectivity of CCA --- p.81 / Chapter 2.1 --- 0 X-ray Structure Determination --- p.83 / Chapter 2.11 --- Mechanistic Studies --- p.92 / Chapter 2.11.1 --- Proposed Mechanism --- p.92 / Chapter 2.11.2 --- Aldol Condensation Catalyzed by Rh(ttp)X (X = Me or Cl) --- p.93 / Chapter 2.11.3 --- Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Activation with Rh(ttp)X (X = Me or Cl) --- p.94 / Chapter 2.11.4 --- Hydrolysis of the α-CHA Product 100 --- p.100 / Chapter 2.11.5 --- Carbon(CO)-Carbon(α) Bond Oxidation with Rh(ttp)OH --- p.102 / Chapter 2.11.6 --- Dehydrogenation of Alcohol --- p.108 / Chapter 2.11.7 --- Thermodynamic Consideration --- p.109 / Chapter 2.12 --- Conclusion --- p.110 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Carbon(CO)-Carbon(α) Bond Activation of Ketones with Cobalt(II)Porphyrin Complexes --- p.114 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.114 / Chapter 3.2 --- Objectives of the Work --- p.115 / Chapter 3.3 --- Preparation of Starting Materials --- p.115 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Synthesis of H₂(tp-clPP) --- p.115 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Synthesis of Co[superscript II] (por) --- p.116 / Chapter 3.4 --- Strategies of C(CO)-C(α) Bond Activation with Cobalt(II) Porphyrins --- p.116 / Chapter 3.5 --- Optimization of Reaction Conditions with Diisopropyl Ketone --- p.118 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Solvent Effect --- p.118 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Water Effect --- p.119 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- PPh3 Effect --- p.120 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Porphyrin Ligand Effect --- p.121 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Temperature Effect --- p.122 / Chapter 3.6 --- CCA of Isopropyl Ketones --- p.123 / Chapter 3.7 --- X-ray Structure Determination --- p.126 / Chapter 3.8 --- Mechanistic Studies --- p.131 / Chapter 3.8.1 --- Proposed Mechanism --- p.131 / Chapter 3.8.2 --- Disproportionation of Co[superscript II](ttp) with Water --- p.132 / Chapter 3.8.3 --- Dehydrogenation of Co[superscript III](ttp)H --- p.132 / Chapter 3.8.4 --- C(CO)-C(α) Bond Activation --- p.134 / Chapter 3.8.5 --- Dehydrogenation of the Alcohol --- p.134 / Chapter 3.8.6 --- Overall Enthalpy Change --- p.134 / Chapter 3.9 --- Stoichiometric Functionalization --- p.135 / Chapter 3.10 --- Conclusion --- p.138 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Comparison on Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation by Cobalt, Rhodium and Iridium Porphyrin --- p.142 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.142 / Chapter 4.2 --- Reactivities of Metalloporphyrins --- p.143 / Chapter 4.3 --- Thermodynamic of CCA --- p.144 / Chapter 4.4 --- Rate of CCA --- p.147 / Chapter 4.5 --- Scope and Reactivities of Ketones --- p.147 / Chapter 4.6 --- Regioselectivities --- p.149 / Chapter 4.7 --- Chemoselectivity --- p.150 / Chapter 4.8 --- Conclusion --- p.152 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Experimental Section --- p.153 / Appendices --- p.181

Mechanistic investigation has been carried out for the reaction between Rh(tmp) and the nitroxide, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). Mechanistically, Rh(tmp) at first coordinated with one molecule of TEMPO to produce a 1:1 adduct. Through this complex, parallel major carbon-carbon bond activation (CCA) and minor carbon-hydrogen bond activation (CHA) occurred. CCA was more favorable at higher reaction temperatures. The CHA product Rh(tmp)H further reacted with excess TEMPO to produce Rh(tmp) again for further CCA and CHA. The overall activation reaction was found to follow second order kinetics, rate = k [Rh(tmp)] [TEMPO]. / Rhodium(II) meso-tetramesitylporphyrin (Rh(tmp)) has been prepared successfully by photolysis of Rh(tmp)Me under anaerobic conditions at low temperature. / The activation of carbon-carbon bond with high reactivity and selectivity has attracted many organometallic chemists due to its fundamental importance in basic chemical research and potential utility in organic synthesis. / The aliphatic, unstrained carbon-carbon bonds of a series of nitroxides 1,1,3,3-tetraalkylisoindolin-2-oxyl have been activated by Rh(tmp). In long chain alkyl substituted nitroxides, regioselective carbon-carbon bond activations were observed. This was attributed to the cooperative effects of the bond dissociation energy and the steric hindrance of alkyl groups in nitroxides. While PPh3 was used as the fifth ligand, the yields of regioselective CCA changed. For sterically less hindered nitroxides, the total yield of CCA increased. For sterically more hindered nitroxides, the total yield of CCA decreased. These can be attributed to the cooperation of steric and electronic effects in the rhodium porphyrin complexes and nitroxides. / The C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds of a series of alpha-alkylphenylacetonitriles have been activated by Rh(tmp) using PPh3 as the optimized fifth ligand. The activation was not regioselective. The CCA yield was affected by bond energy and steric hindrance of the nitriles. The optimal reaction temperature was 130 °C. / Under same reaction conditions, CCA between Rh(tmp) and 2-alkylbenzonitriles also was carried out. Only C(sp3)-C( sp3) bond was activated. CCA yield depended on the BDE of C-C bond in alkyl substituents. / by Li Xinzhu. / "June 2006." / Adviser: Kin Shing Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-11, Section: B, page: 6396. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-210). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

by Tam Tin Lok Timothy. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-81). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Table of Contents --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.vi / Structural Abbreviations for Porphyrin Complexes --- p.vii / Abstract --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Carbon-Carbon Bonds Activation by Transition Metal Complexes --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Kinetic and Thermodynamic Considerations in CCA --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- C-C Bond Activation in Strained System --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- C-C Bond Activation Driven by Aromatization --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- C-C Bond Activation of Carbonyl Compounds --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Intramolecular sp2-sp3 C-C Bond Activation in PCP system --- p.8 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- C-C Bond Activation in Homoallylic Alcohol by β-Allyl Elimination --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- C-C Bond Activation by Metathesis of Alkanes --- p.11 / Chapter 1.1.8 --- C-C Bond Activation by Nucleophilic Attack of Rhodium Porphyrin Anion --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objective of the work --- p.14 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- CARBON-CARBON BONDS ACTIVATION (CCA) BY RHODIUM PORPHYRIN RADICAL --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1 --- Serendipitous Discovery of CCA --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Proposed Mechanism of CCA --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- CCA of Rhodium Porphyrin Radical witn Nitroxides --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Synthesis of Rhodium Porphyrins --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Synthesis of Rhodium(II) Porphyrin Radical --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- "Synthesis of 1,1,3,3-Tetraalkylisoindolin-2-oxyls" --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Reactions between Rhodium(II) Porphyrin Radical and Nitroxides --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Independent Synthesis of Alkyl Rhodium(III) Porphyrins --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- CCA of Rhodium Porphyrin Radical with Other Substrates --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Reactions between Rhodium(II) Porphyrin Radical and Non-enolizable Ketones --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Reactions between Rhodium(II) Porphyrin Radical and Diketones --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4 --- Ligand Effects on Carbon-Carbon Bonds Activation --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Ligand Coordination between Rhodium(II) Porphyrin Radical --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Phosphine Effects on CCA between Rhodium(II) Porphyrin Radical and Nitroxides --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary --- p.32 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- PRELIMINARY MECHANISTIC STUDIES OF CARBON- CARBON BONDS ACTIVATION (CCA) --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1 --- Attempted Mechanistic Studies of CCA --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Proposed Mechanism of CCA via SH2 Pathway --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Homolytic Bimolecular Substitution (Sr2) --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Literature Review on Sh2 Reaction --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Prerequisities on SH2 reactions at Carbon Center --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Kinetic Studies of CCA between Rh(tmp) and TEMPO…… --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2 --- Stereochemical Test for CCA --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Objective of the Stereochemical Test --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Synthesis of Alkyl Rhodium(III) Porphyrins --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Alkyl Exchange Reactions with Rh(por)R --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Summary --- p.43 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- EXPERIMENTAL SECTION --- p.45 / CONCLUSION --- p.74 / REFRENCES --- p.75 / LIST OF SPECTRA --- p.82 / SPECTRA --- p.83

Ligações de hidrogênio é um tema que tem despertado o interesse da comunidade científica desde o final do século XIX. Sua importância é enorme nos processos ligados à vida, como por exemplo na estabilização das estruturas de DNA e na manutenção da água em seu estado líquido. Várias metodologias teóricas foram desenvolvidas para o estudo de sistemas moleculares e das ligaçõas de hidrogênio, entre elas está o emprego de cálculos de teoria de perturbação de muitos corpos (MBPT). Uma alternativa aos cálculos moleculares com MBPT, que tem crescido em termos de aplicação e confiança, é o emprego da teoria do funcional da densidade (DFT). Nesta tese, calculamos propriedades de sistemas hidrogênio-ligados em clusters e líquidos, usando ambas as metodologias DFT e MBPT. Entre as propriedades consideradas estão constantes rotacionais, momentos de dipolo, energias de ligação, deslocamentos espectroscópicos quando da formação do complexo e espalhamento de luz. Parte desta tese é dedicada a salientar as diferenças entre as propriedades de um cluster otimizado e a estrutura de um líquido gerada por simulação de Monte Carlo. Comparamos os resultados obtidos para o complexo uréia-água nestas duas situações e reforçamos o fato de que líquido e cluster são situações físicas distintas, cujas propriedades também são diferentes. Os sistemas estudados foram HCN, CH IND. 3CN, HC IND. 3N, HC IND. 2NC, HCN...H IND. 2O, CH IND. 3CN...H IND.2O, (CH IND. 3) IND.3CCN...H IND. 2O e (NH IND. 2) IND. 2CO...H IND. 2O. Dos resultados obtidos nesta fase, verificamos que DFT é de fato uma alternativa completamente viável para a obtenção de propriedades de moléculas e biomoléculas hidrogênio-ligadas. / Hydrogen bonding is a topic of interest in the scientific community since the end of the XIX century. Its importance is enormous in processes related to life as, for example, the stabilization of DNA structures and the maintenance of water in its liquid state. Several theoretical methodologies were developed to study molecular systems and hydrogen bonds, among them is the use of many-body perturbation theory (MBPT). An alternative to MBPT, that has gained confidence, is the employment of the density functional theory (DFT). In the present thesis we calculate properties of hydrogen-bonded systems in clusters and liquids using both methodologies, DFT and MBPT. Among the properties considered are rotational constants, dipole moments, biding energies, spectroscopic shifts upon complex formation and light scattering. Part of this thesis is dedicated also to point out the difference between the properties of an optimized cluster and a liquid structure generated by Monte Carlo simulation. We compare the results obtained for the urea-water complex in these two situations and reinforce the fact that liquid and cluster are different physical situations, whose properties are also different. The systems studied were HCN, CH IND.3CN, HC IND.3N, HC IND.2NC, HCN H IND.2O and (NH IND.2)IND.2CO H IND.2O. from the results obtained in this thesis, we verify that DFT is indeed feasible to obtain properties of hydrogen bonded molecules and biomolecules.

*Please refer to dissertation for diagrams. / Part I describes the silicon-hydrogen bond activation (SiHA) of silanes with both electron-deficient iridium porphyrin carbonyl chloride (Ir(ttp)Cl(CO)) and electron-rich iridium porphyrin methyl (Ir(ttp)Me) to give iridium(III) porphyrin silyls (Ir(ttp)SiR3). Firstly, Ir(ttp)SiR3 were synthesized in moderate to good yields conveniently from the reactions of Ir(ttp)Cl(CO) and Ir(ttp)Me with silanes, via SiHA in solvent-free conditions and non-polar solvents at 200°C. Base facilitated the SiHA reaction even at lower temperature of 140°C. Specifically, K3PO4 accelerated the SiHA with Ir(ttp)Cl(CO), while KOAc promoted the SiHA by Ir(ttp)Me. Mechanistic experiments suggest that Ir(ttp)Cl(CO) initially forms iridium porphyin cation (Ir(ttp)+), which then reacts with silanes likely via heterolysis to give iridium porphyrin hydride (Ir(ttp)H). Ir(ttp)H further reacts with silanes to yield Ir(ttp)SiR3. On the other hand, Ir(ttp)Me and Ir(ttp)SiR3 undergo either oxidative addition (OA) or sigma-bond metathesis (SBM) to form the products. In the presence of base, a penta-coordinated silicon hydride species likely forms and reacts with Ir(ttp)Me to form iridium porphyrin anion (Ir(ttp) -) that can further react with silane to yield Ir(ttp)H after protonation. Ir(ttp)H finally reacts with excess silane to give Ir(ttp)SiR 3.* / Part II describes successful base promoted aromatic carbon-fluorine (C-F) and carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bond activation of fluorobenzenes in neat conditions to give the corresponding iridium(III) porphyrin aryls (Ir(ttp)Ar) at 200°C in up to 95% yield. Mechanistic studies suggested that Ir(ttp)SiEt3 is firstly converted to Ir(ttp)- in the presence of KOH. Ir(ttp)- cleaves the aromatic C-F bond via an S NAr process. As the reaction proceeds, a hydroxide anion can coordinate to the iridium center of Ir(ttp)Ar to form an iridium porphyrin trans aryl hydroxyl anion (trans-[ArIr(ttp)OH]-). In the presence of water, trans-[ArIr(ttp)OH]- can give Ir(ttp)OH and ArH. Ir(ttp)OH then undergoes aromatic C-H bond activation reaction to give Ir(ttp)Ar'. Furthermore, the aromatic C-F bond activation products were found as the kinetic products, and aromatic C-H bond activation products were the thermodynamic ones.* / Part III describes the successful C(C=O)-C(alpha) bond activation of acetophenones by high-valent iridium porphyrin complexes (Ir(ttp)X, X = Cl(CO), (BF4)(CO), Me) in solvent-free conditions at 200°C to give the corresponding iridium porphyrin benzoyls (Ir(ttp)COAr) in up to 92% yield. Mechanistic studies suggest that Ir(ttp)X reacts with acetophenones to give alpha-CHA product as the primary product, which can re-convert back to the active intermediate Ir(ttp)OH or Ir(ttp)H in the presence of water formed from the concurrent iridium-catalyzed aldol condensation of acetophenones. Then Ir(ttp)OH cleaves the aromatic C-H bonds to produce the aromatic CHA products, which are more thermally stable than the alpha-CHA product. Both Ir(ttp)H and Ir(ttp)OH were the possible intermediates to cleave the C(C=O)-C(alpha) bond to give thermodynamic products of Ir(ttp)COAr. On the other hand, only Ir(ttp)(BF 4)(CO) can react with the aliphatic ketones, likely due to the stronger Lewis acidity and the HBF4 generated in catalyzing the aldol condensation of aliphatic ketones to facilitate the formation of Ir(ttp)OH and Ir(ttp)H.* / The objectives of the research focus on the bond activation chemistry by iridium porphyrin complexes with three organic substrates, (1) hydrosilanes (HSiR3), (2) fluorobenzenes (C6HnF6-n , n = 0--6), and (3) aromatic or aliphatic ketones (RCOR, R = alkyl or aryl). / Li, Baozhu. / Adviser: Kin Shing Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.