In recent years, the air quality of Kinmen-Xiamen region has deteriorated gradually, and PM10 was always the worst air quality indicator. Particularly, high PM10 concentration has been observed in spring and winter. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical properties of atmospheric aerosol particles sampled at Xiamen Bay located at the west coast of Taiwan Strait by sampling atmospheric particles and using chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model for source apportionment, which indicated the difference of background and episode periods. Furthermore, this study applied HYSPLIT model to figure out the transportation routes of polluted air mass by backward trajectory. Seven particulate matter (PM) sampling sites at Xiamen Bay, three sites at Kinmen Island and four sites at metro Xiamen, were selected for this particular study. Particulate matter sampling included regular and intensive sampling. Intensive sampling was conducted to collect PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 with dichotomous samplers in the spring and winter of 2008 and 2009, while regular sampling was conducted to collect PM10 with high-volume samplers twice a month since March 2008. Results from PM sampling indicated that atmospheric particles had a tendency to accumulate in Xiamen Bay all year round, particularly in spring and winter. Five sampling sites inside the Xiamen Bay had relatively higher PM concentration than two sampling sites outside the Xiamen Bay. It suggested that local emission at the Xiamen Bay was superior to long-range transportation from the Northeastern Monson. A superimposition phenomenon was regularly observed during the episodes at Xiamen Bay. The most abundant water-soluble ionic species of PM were SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ at Xiamen Bay, the major chemical species of PM were secondary aerosols (i.e. (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3). Crustal elements (e.g. Ca, Mg, Fe, and Al) and anthropogenic elements (e.g. Zn and Pb) dominated the chemical species of particles. Backward trajectory results indicated that polluted air mass originated from Asian continent moved directly to Kinmen-Xiamen region in winter and spring, while air mass originated from the southwestern and southeastern ocean did not pass polluted region in summer, which result in better air quality of Kinmen-Xiamen region in summer than those in winter and spring. Results from CMB receptor modeling showed that the major sources of atmospheric PM10 at Kinmen-Xiamen region were soil dust, secondary aerosol, petroleum industry, motor vehicle exhanst, iron and steel industry, cement industry, Diesel vehicle exhanst marine aersols, and vegetative burning. The stationary sources were the major contributor accounting for approximately 50% of PM10 in Kinmen. It suggested that atmospheric particles were mainly originated from cross-boundary transport rather than local emission sources since there are no such kinds of industrial factories in Kinmen.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-27T14:31:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Quesia Jemima da Silva.pdf: 573805 bytes, checksum: 984b32e6c34ddabedfcb3336ddf1535c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Quesia Jemima da Silva.pdf: 573805 bytes, checksum: 984b32e6c34ddabedfcb3336ddf1535c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Faced with the need to develop studies with fruit native to Brazil, the aim of this research was to determine the physical and physic chemical characteristics of red mombin fruits from 11 genotypes cultivate in the Active Germplasm Bank of the IPA (Institute of Agronomic Pernambuco) and evaluate the antioxidant capacity. Mature fruits were used for the following determinations: weight, longitudinal and transverse diameter, pulp yield, ascorbic acid, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titrable acidity (TTA), total soluble carbohydrate and total carotenoids. Extracts obtained by sequential extraction using methanol (80%) and acetone (80%) were used to measure the total phenolics and antioxidant activity by using DPPH• (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazina) and ABTS•+ (2, 2‟-azino-bis-(3- etilbenzotiazolina-6- sulfonic acid) radicals. With respect to the physical characteristics, there was no wide variation among genotypes, however, genotypes IPA-1 and IPA-2 genotypes was stood out from others because they showed the percentage of pulp yield close to 80%. With respect to chemical characteristics, the results showed that IPA-1 genotype exhibited the highest acid ascorbic content (32.88 mg.100g-1 pulp) and the IPA-7 genotype, the highest concentration of total carotenoids expressed as β- carotene (22.63 μg.g-1 pulp). The highest levels of TSS and TTA were presented respectively by IPA-9 and IPA-10 genotypes, respectively; the IPA-4 genotype had the highest TSS/TTA, while the IPA-6 genotype stood out from others with higher content of total soluble carbohydrates (32.78% expressed as glucose). The total phenolic content of the extract obtained from the IPA-10 genotype differed significantly from the others since it presented the highest level of this phytochemical (862,31 mg EAG.100g-1 pulp). The fruit extracts of all genotypes showed strong scavenging capacity of DPPH●. The antioxidant extract of the IPA-10 genotype fruits (6.633, 87 μM TEAC.g-1) with respect to ABTS•+ radical was statistically high to the other genotypes, however, they still showed appreciable antioxidant activity. Therefore, the consumption of red mombin fruit is a natural alternative antioxidant intake, providing health benefits. / Diante da necessidade do desenvolvimento de estudos com frutas nativas do Brasil, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar as características físicas e físico-químicas de frutos de 11 genótipos de cirigueleiras cultivadas no Banco Ativo de Germoplasma do IPA (Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco) e avaliar a sua capacidade antioxidante. Frutos maduros foram utilizados nas seguintes determinações: peso, diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, rendimento em polpa, ácido ascórbico, pH, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), carboidratos totais e carotenóides totais. Extratos obtidos por extração sequencial utilizando metanol (80%) e acetona (80%) foram submetidos à quantificação de fenólicos totais e à determinação da atividade antioxidante utilizando o radical DPPH• (1,1- difenil-2-picrilhidrazina) e o radical ABTS•+ (2,2‟-azino-bis-(3- etilbenzotiazolina-6- acido sulfônico). Com relação às características físicas analisadas, não houve grandes variações entre os genótipos, no entanto, os genótipos IPA-1 e IPA-2 se destacaram por terem apresentado percentual de rendimento de polpa próximo a 80%. Com relação às características químicas, os resultados demonstraram que o genótipo IPA-1 exibiu o maior teor de ácido ascórbico (32,88 mg.100g-1 de polpa) e o genótipo IPA-7, maior concentração de carotenóides totais, expresso em β- caroteno (22,63 μg.g-1 de polpa). Os maiores teores de SST e de ATT foram apresentados pelos genótipos IPA-9 e IPA-10 respectivamente; o genótipo IPA-4 apresentou maior relação SST/ATT, enquanto o genótipo IPA-6 se destacou, com maior teor de carboidratos solúveis totais (32,78 %, expresso em glicose). O teor de fenólicos totais do extrato obtido do genótipo IPA-10 diferiu estatisticamente dos demais por ter apresentado o maior teor deste fitoquímico (862,31 mg EAG.100g-1 de polpa). Os extratos dos frutos de todos os genótipos apresentaram forte capacidade de sequestro de radical DPPH● A ação antioxidante do extrato dos frutos do genótipo IPA-10 (6.633,87 μM TEAC.g-1) frente ao radical ABTS•+ foi, estatisticamente, superior aos demais genótipos, que no entanto ainda apresentaram ação antioxidante apreciável. Desta forma, o consumo da ciriguela é uma alternativa para obtenção de antioxidante natural, propiciando, portanto, benefícios à saúde.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-21T13:47:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Helio Gomes Arcanjo Junior.pdf: 943075 bytes, checksum: a2b879ed967c57e40067c04cd29fde6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T13:47:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helio Gomes Arcanjo Junior.pdf: 943075 bytes, checksum: a2b879ed967c57e40067c04cd29fde6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Corn [Zea mays (L.) Poaceae] is one of the most widely produced crops in the world, with high nutritional value and diverse applications, serving as a food source for both humans and animals. The production of mini-corn increases the yield and accelerates the return of the producer’s investment. The cultivation of mini-corn generates waste from other parts of the plants, such as the stem and leaves, which are often discarded and serve as green fertilizer for the next crop. However, these parts of the mini-corn plant may serve as food for ruminants. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the remains of mini-corn plants after the harvesting of the corn. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bromatological characteristics and in vitro digestibility of corn plants after the harvest of five varieties of mini-corn. A randomized, block design was used with a 5 X 2 factor scheme in subdivided plots with five varieties (AG 1051, Alagoano, Branquinha, São Luíz and Viçosence) with and without the harvesting of cobs in a subplot with three blocks. The Alagoano and Viçosence varieties had the highest crude protein content in the subplot without cobs. The AG1051, Branquinha and Viçosence varieties had the highest total digestible nutrients in the subplot without cobs (P > 0.05) and demonstrated the greatest fodder potential among the varieties tested. The Alagoano variety had the highest neutral detergent fiber and in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in the subplot without cobs (P > 0.05). / O milho [Zea mays (L.) Poaceae] é uma das culturas mais produzidas no mundo, possuindo alto valor nutritivo e diversas aplicações, servindo tanto na alimentação humana quanto para a alimentação animal. A produção do minimilho aumenta a rentabilidade e a velocidade do retorno do investimento ao produtor. Entretanto o cultivo do minimilho gera resíduos, tais como a planta de milho composta por palha (caule e folha) onde muitas vezes esta é desprezada servindo de adubo verde para a próxima cultura. No entanto a palha do minimilho pode servir de alimento para os ruminantes, portanto, faz-se necessário à avaliação das plantas remanescentes a colheita do minimilho. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar as características químicas bromatológica e a digestibilidade in vitro de plantas integras de milho e de plantas remanescentes a colheita de minimilho de cinco variedades de milho. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5x2 em parcelas sub divididas sendo, cinco cultivares na parcela (AG 1051, Alagoano, Branquinha, São Luíz e Viçosence) e com e sem colheita do minimilho na sub parcela com três blocos Dentre as variedades selecionadas as que obtiveram maiores valores para PB na sub parcela sem espiga foram as cultivares Alagoano e Viçosence. Para a variável NDT na sub parcela sem espiga as variedades que obtiveram valores superiores (P<0,05) foram o AG1051, a Branquinha e o Viçosence obtendo estes, maior potencial forrageiro diante as outras cultivares. Nas variáveis de FDN e DIVFDN na sub parcela sem espiga a variedade que obteve maiores valores (P>0,05) foi o Alagoano.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur le développement des nouveaux verres bioactifs de comblement osseux. Ils sont élaborés par fusion dans le système quaternaire : SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5. Deux éléments chimiques (bore et fluor), ont été incorporés au sein du réseau vitreux. L’effet de la quantité des éléments ajoutés dans le verre, sur le comportement physico-chimique, mécanique et physiologique a été mené par plusieurs techniques originales. L’intégration du bore ou du fluor au sein de la matrice vitreuse, influe sur les caractéristiques thermiques des verres synthétisés. Les performances mécaniques en termes de résistance mécanique, module de Young, module de cisaillement, rigidité et dureté ont été développé par l’incorporation du fluor dans la structure vitreuse. L’effet inverse a été manifesté pour les verres à base du bore. Des essais ''in vitro'' ont prouvé que la présence du bore accélère la dissolution de la matrice vitreuse, la cinétique et la cristallisation de la couche d’hydroxyapatite. Tandis que l’ajout du fluor retarde ces phénomènes physiologiques. / This thesis focuses on the development of new bioactive glasses for use as bone filling. They are synthetized by the melting method in the quaternary system CaO-SiO2-Na2O-P2O5. Two chemical elements (boron and fluor), have been incorporated in the glass network. The amount added effect, of elements, in the glass, on the physico-chemical, mechanical and physiological behaviour was led by several original techniques. The boron or fluor integration in the glass matrix, affect the thermal characteristics of the synthesized glasses. The mechanical performance in terms of: mechanical strength, Young's modulus, shear modulus, rigidity and hardness, have been developed by the fluor incorporation into the glass structure. The opposite effect was manifested for boron based glasses. In vitro tests have showed that the boron presence accelerates the vitreous matrix dissolution, the kinetics and the crystallization of the hydroxyapatite layer. While the fluor addition retards these physiological phenomena.