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Three experiments were conducted to determine the AID and SID of protein and AA in pea protein isolate(PPI), distiller's dried grains with solubles derived from a blend of wheat and corn (wcDDGS) and corn. In addition, 2 experiments were conducted to estimate the requirements of digestible SAA (dSAA) and digestible lysine (dLYS)for 3-week old broilers to obtain optimum growth performance(BWG,FCR),and optimum yield performance(CY, BMY and TDY). For digestibility studies, day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were fed test diets from day 1-14. The test-diets were balanced for vitamins and minerals and contained chromic oxide (0.3%) as an indigestible marker. The protein and AA digestibilities were determined either by direct or indirect method. For requirement studies, day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were fed lysine- or SAA deficient basal diets balanced for all other AA, except for the AA under test, according to the ideal protein concept. All test diets were also balanced for vitamins and minerals and were kept isonoitrogenous and isocaloric within each assay. The average SID estimates (%)of AA were 92.4, 71.5 and 93.3 in PPI, wcDDGS and corn, respectively. Using regression analysis, the dietary dLYS requirement estimates(%) were 1.12 and 1.13 for BWG and FCR, respectively. The dietary dSAA requirement estimate was 0.81% for BWG while no significant response was observed for FCR. Both CY and BMY increased cubically with increasing levels of dLYS, whereas, CY didnot respond significantly and BMY increased linerally with the increasing levels of dSAA.

Three experiments were conducted to determine the AID and SID of protein and AA in pea protein isolate(PPI), distiller's dried grains with solubles derived from a blend of wheat and corn (wcDDGS) and corn. In addition, 2 experiments were conducted to estimate the requirements of digestible SAA (dSAA) and digestible lysine (dLYS)for 3-week old broilers to obtain optimum growth performance(BWG,FCR),and optimum yield performance(CY, BMY and TDY). For digestibility studies, day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were fed test diets from day 1-14. The test-diets were balanced for vitamins and minerals and contained chromic oxide (0.3%) as an indigestible marker. The protein and AA digestibilities were determined either by direct or indirect method. For requirement studies, day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were fed lysine- or SAA deficient basal diets balanced for all other AA, except for the AA under test, according to the ideal protein concept. All test diets were also balanced for vitamins and minerals and were kept isonoitrogenous and isocaloric within each assay. The average SID estimates (%)of AA were 92.4, 71.5 and 93.3 in PPI, wcDDGS and corn, respectively. Using regression analysis, the dietary dLYS requirement estimates(%) were 1.12 and 1.13 for BWG and FCR, respectively. The dietary dSAA requirement estimate was 0.81% for BWG while no significant response was observed for FCR. Both CY and BMY increased cubically with increasing levels of dLYS, whereas, CY didnot respond significantly and BMY increased linerally with the increasing levels of dSAA.

Prebiotic compounds comprise a group of dietary supplements defined as nonviable food ingredients that are selectively metabolized to favor beneficial intestinal bacteria. Such bacteria may confer various desirable effects including enhanced disease resistance and nutrient availability to the host. This study examined the effects of four prebiotics, GroBiotic®-A (a mixture of partially autolyzed brewers yeast, dairy ingredient components and dried fermentation products), mannanoligosaccharide (MOS), galactooligosaccharide (GOS), and the fructooligosaccharide (FOS) inulin on digestibility of soybean-meal-based diets by goldfish. A basal diet was formulated so that 50% of the protein was provided by soybean meal and the other 50% was from menhaden fishmeal. Each prebiotic was supplemented to the basal diet at 1% by weight. A diet containing all of its protein from menhaden fish meal also was prepared as a control diet. Chromic oxide was added to the diets at 1% as an inert marker. Each diet was fed to adult goldfish in duplicate 110-L iv aquaria for a total of 8 weeks. The dried fecal material from each aquarium was pooled over time and analyzed for protein, lipid, organic matter and chromium in order to compute coefficients of apparent digestibility. Genomic DNA of gut microbiota also was isolated from the fecal samples of goldfish fed the various diets and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using bacteria-specific PCR primers to conserved regions flanking the variable V3 region of 16S rDNA. Then, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of the resulting amplicons was conducted as a means of assessing diversity of microbiota in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Results of the present study revealed that none of the prebiotics affected apparent digestibility coefficients of the soybean-meal-based diet compared to the basal diet, although the diet supplemented with MOS consistently yielded the lowest values. In addition, goldfish digested the soybean-meal-based diets as well as the control diet. DGGE analysis revealed no differences in microbiota of goldfish fed the various prebiotics. These results are in contrast to those obtained with carnivorous fish species such as the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in which the prebiotics increased digestibility coefficients of soybean-meal-based diets and altered GI tract microbiota.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mota_da_dr_jabo.pdf: 507033 bytes, checksum: 7176484de488bdf99464046ead04b736 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Foram realizados três experimentos, sendo o primeiro na avaliação de indicadores em estudos com novilhas leiteiras para a determinação da produção fecal, fluxo de digesta e digestibilidade. O segundo experimento foi conduzido visando avaliar os efeitos de dietas com diferentes fontes protéicas (farelo de soja, farelo de algodão, farelo de amendoim e farelo de girassol) no metabolismo, e o terceiro no desempenho produtivo e medidas corporais de novilhas mestiças Holandês/Zebu, alimentadas com 60% de cana-de-açúcar e 40% de concentrado na dieta. No primeiro e segundo experimentos foram utilizadas oito novilhas mestiças Holandês/Zebu, distribuídas em duplo quadrado latino 4x4. No terceiro, foram utilizadas 24 novilhas mestiças Holandês/Zebu distribuídas no delineamento experimental utilizado, o qual foi em blocos casualizados, constituído por seis repetições e quatro tratamentos. Os indicadores Cr-EDTA, YbCl3 e o FDNi não estimaram produção fecal de forma eficiente (P<0,05), obtendo resultado de 1,64, 1,71 e 2,71 kg/dia, respectivamente. O valor estimado de fluxo de matéria seca pela associação Cr-EDTA/YbCl3, utilizada na forma de duplo indicador, foi o mais confiável, devido a melhor recuperação dos indicadores externos (Cr-EDTA e YbCl3), que obtiveram médias de 89% e 85%, respectivamente, em comparação ao interno (FDNi), que obteve média 67%. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade ruminal e pós ruminal dos nutrientes avaliados, estimados pela associação Cr-EDTA/YbCl3, também foram considerados os melhores valores, em consequência do valor de fluxo de matéria seca estimado por esta associação. Os valores de digestibilidade aparente total, ruminal e pósruminal observados não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas para as fontes proteicas avaliadas (P>0,05). A taxa de passagem... / Experiments were carried, the first evaluating indicators in studies with dairy heifers for the determination of fecal output, digestibility and digest flow. The second experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets with different protein sources (soybean meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal and sunflower meal) in metabolism, and the third on growth performance and body measurements of heifers’ crossbred Holstein / Zebu fed 60% of sugar cane and 40% concentrate diet. In the first and second experiments were used eight heifers’ crossbred Holstein / Zebu, distributed in two 4x4 Latin square. In the third, we used 24 crossbred heifers’ Holstein / Zebu distributed in the experimental design, which was a randomized blocks design, consisting of six replicates and four treatments. The indicators Cr-EDTA and YbCl3 iNDF not estimate fecal output efficiently (P<0.05), obtaining a result of 1.64, 1.71 and 2.71 kg / day, respectively. The estimated flow of dry matter by the association Cr-EDTA/YbCl3, used in the form of double indicator, was the more confident due to better recovery of external markers (Cr-EDTA and YbCl3), who obtained 89% and 85% values of average, respectively, compared to the internal indicator (iNDF), who obtained an average of 67%. The coefficients of ruminal and post ruminal digestibility of nutrients, Cr-EDTA/YbCl3 estimated by the association, were also considered the best values in consequence of the flow of dry matter estimated by the association. The total apparent digestibility, ruminal and post ruminal observed no significant differences for the protein sources tested (P>0.05). The passage rate and retention time were not significant differences between protein sources (P>0.05) and mean values of 1.94 kg / day, 3.43% h and 30.47 hours, respectively. The excretion of purine... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Three bean varieties, namely, great northern, kidney, and pinto (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ), were subjected to several physico-chemical treatments to reduce their cooking time. Soaking in a combination of salt solutions (sodium chloride, 2.5 percent+ sodium bicarbonate, 1.5 percent+ sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.0 percent + sodium carbonate, 0.5 percent) resulted in 80-85 percent reduction in cooking time. Irradiation (Γ-rays) at 500 Krads of soaked and dehydrated beans caused nearly 50 percent reduction in cooking time. High temperatures (37 and 45°C) and pH (9.0) caused greater water imbibation and total solids loss than room temperature (22°C) and pH 7.0. Organoleptic evaluation of beans revealed that quick-cooking cooked great northern beans were more acceptable than kidney and pinto beans. Effects of treatments on phytate-P, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors, flatulence factors, proteins, phenolic compounds, and in vitro digestibility of proteins in quick-cooking beans were evaluated and compared with their conventionally processed counterparts. Beans soaked in distilled water had lower amounts of phytate-P than those soaked in salt solutions . Leaching losses of oligosaccharides were nearly the same in the different treatments for all the beans except kidney beans. Stachyose was found to be the major contributor to flatulence in these beans. The treated beans had significantly reduced trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibiting activities. Quick-cooking cooked beans had higher in vitro protein digestibility than conventionally cooked beans. Phenolic contents were found to be inversely related to in vitro digestibility.

The objective of this study was to determine effects of supplementing coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon; CBG) hay with Strophostyles helvula (98 g kg-1 crude protein (CP), 476 g kg-1 neutral detergent fiber (NDF)), S. leiosperma (117 g kg-1 CP, 497 g kg-1 NDF), or cottonseed meal (506 g kg-1 CP, 352 g kg-1 NDF; CSM) upon intake of CBG hay (127 g kg-1 CP, 691 g kg-1 NDF) and apparent digestibility of dietary organic matter (OM), NDF, and true digestibility of CP. Six Boer-Spanish goats (46.22 +- 3.99 Kg) were fed CBG plus S. helvula, S. leiosperma, or CSM at 0.34 and 0.68% of BW in a 6*6 Latin square with 3*2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The CBG was fed ad libitum, and the legumes/CSM were fed in two equal daily feedings during a 7-d adjustment period and 7-d collection period in metabolism crates. Feces were collected every 24-h, and CBG, legumes/CSM, and fecal samples were analyzed for OM, NDF, and CP. There were no supplement type*amount interactions (P > 0.05). Supplement type did not affect OM digestibility (P = 0.21), but OM digestibility increased 6.4% (P = 0.05) at the 0.68% versus 0.34% level of supplementation with the legumes or CSM. Supplementation with CSM and S. leiosperma improved NDF digestibility 7% versus supplementation with S. helvula (P = 0.02); and as supplement amount increased NDF digestibility by 5.5% (P = 0.02). The diet supplemented with CSM had the greatest CP digestibility, and S. helvula CP was 6% less digestible than S. leiosperma (P = 0.02). As supplement amount increased, CP digestibility increased 7% (P = 0.01). Intake of DM, OM, and NDF of CBG was unaffected (P = 0.56) by supplementation with CSM, S. helvula, and S. leiosperma, but total diet NDF intake of diets supplemented with CSM and S. helvula was 10.5% less than diet supplemented with S. leiosperma (P = 0.01). Considering digestibility and intake, CSM and S. leiosperma were the best supplements fed in this experiment. Strophostyles leiosperma is recommended as use for diet supplementation for goats when CBG hay basal diet is fed.

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