This study examined the effect of neurotoxic chemical exposures on brain processes using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). A control group carefully screened for good health and minimal chemical exposures was compared to two groups of patients diagnosed with health problems following exposure to pesticides or to organic solvents.

No description available.

Submitted thesis deal with estimation safeness of electroplating technologi with reference to occurrence hazardous substances falls on man and environment. To identification diversification was used quantitative risk assessment and chemical exposure index.

No description available.

Estimation of cooling station safety Diploma thesis, institute of metrology and quality assurance and testing, Brno University of Technology. The diploma thesis deals with safety evaluation of cooling plant at a pool stadium, which uses amonia as a coolant. The work includes particular calculation (quantitative risk estimation) of cooling the plant with amonia. For cooling at the pool stadium no salt water, only amonia is used, so it is direct cooling. The safety of population, animals and enviroment is considered. Part of this thesis is also the estimation of the chemical exposure index (CEI) and simulation of breakdown effects with ALOHA model (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres). At the end FMEA method is used, the method cause – effect.

Spatial Aspects of Chemical Exposure Assessment: A Tool for River Networks. Chemical exposure assessment has gained increasing attention in recent years. Its methodologies have enabled scientists and policy-makers to understand exposure paths and to identify environmental compartments of concern. Mathematical models are used for the prediction of a chemical's concentration in a certain compartment and in some cases also for predicting the duration or time of highest load. With the Geo-referenced Regional Exposure Assessment Tool for European Rivers (GREAT-ER) spatial aspects of regional exposure assessment are addressed for the "down-the-drain" path of consumer chemicals such as detergents. On the basis of a carefully developed simulation model (Boeije, 1999), this thesis describes the concept and realization of the developed software tool GREAT-ER. With data composition and processing on the one hand and application and analysis on the other hand, two crucial aspects in spatial exposure assessment are identified and discussed. Geo-referenced real-world data are not readily available in a usable form. An intermediate format is defined to separate the tasks of an initial preparation of raw data from the final aggregation leading to a directly usable data set. It is shown that the latter step can be fully automated and thus efficiently supports an iterative procedure of data quality improvement. The application of GREAT-ER to the substances LAS (readily degradable) and boron (inert) in four Yorkshire catchments demonstrates the ability to predict mean final effluent and in-stream concentrations with an average error of less than a factor of 2. Furthermore, regional summaries and risk characterization add useful information to judging a regional response to the (potential) release of a substance. In conclusion, the development and application of GREAT-ER has proven that geo-referenced exposure assessment is possible with regard to both quality and practicability. Future activities should focus on gaining further experiences in performing simulations, improving the tool itself and extending its abilities. Finally the integration of further models should be evaluated.

Les effets délétères sur la santé de certaines expositions professionnelles, prises indépendamment, ont été observés dans un large nombre d’études. Pourtant, la prévalence et l'impact de multi-exposition ou co-exposition à des diverses nuisances ont plus rarement été explorée, malgré le caractère ubiquitaire de nombreuses nuisances. Par conséquent, l’étude de multi-exposition/co-exposition dans le cadre professionnel est considérée comme un enjeu majeur de la recherche épidémiologique en santé au travail. Une revue systématique de la littérature concernant le secteur de l’agriculture a été réalisé en s'appuyant sur le titre, le résumé, et le texte intégral des 36.404 articles originaux grâce à 5 bases de données reconnues et 2 sources de données nord-américaines complémentaires. Les résultats des 15 articles inclus suggèrent que l’exposition aux multiples chimiques est significativement associée au risque de maladies respiratoires, de cancers, de dommages sur l’ADN et les cytogénétiques. L’exposition aux multiples physiques a été associée à une augmentation du risque de perte d'audition, tandis que la co-exposition aux facteurs physiques et biomécaniques a été associée à un risque accru de troubles musculo-squelettiques. Aucune étude n'a exploré la co-exposition professionnelle à des facteurs chimiques et physiques, ainsi qu'à la co-exposition professionnelle à des facteurs chimiques et biomécaniques. Les résultats de cette revue de la littérature indiquent la nécessité l’évaluer la prévalence de l’exposition professionnel à des multiples nuisances en France. Les multiple/co-expositions aux agents neurotoxiques chimiques(ANCs) et aux contraintes physiques intenses (CPIs) ont ainsi été analysées chez 5587 hommes ouvriers français des secteurs de l'agriculture, de l’industrie manufacturière, et de la construction à partir de l’enquête nationale transversale SUMER 2010. Environ 6% des ouvriers étaient co-exposés aux ANCs et CPIs dans les trois secteurs étudiés (p = 0,29). La multi-exposition aux CPIs était plus nettement plus fréquente (35%, p <0,001) que la multi-exposition aux ANCs (2%, p <0,001) chez les hommes de trois secteurs. Ces recherches mettent en évidence la nécessité de conduire davantage d’études liées à multi-exposition/coexposition professionnelle. Elles seront essentielles pour améliorer la sécurité au travail et permettre la surveillance et la prévention risques et des maladies professionnelles. / A wide range of studies has demonstrated the relationships between diverse types of occupational exposures,taken independently, and adverse health outcomes. Yet, the prevalence and impact of multiple occupational exposures or co-exposures have rarely been explored despite the ubiquity of numerous hazards. Therefore, multiple occupational exposures/co-exposures and their impact on health are considered as a major challenge of epidemiologic research inthe occupational health and safety area. A systematic review concerning the agriculture sector was carried out based on the titles, abstracts and fulltexts screening of 36,404 initial articles from 5 well-known databases and 2 North American complementary sources. The findings from the 15 papers finally included suggested that multiple chemical exposures were significantly associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases, cancers, DNA and cytogenetic damages. Multiple physical exposures were shown to increase the risk of hearing loss while co-exposures to physical and biomechanical hazardswere associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders. However, no studies included in the systematic review explored either occupational co-exposures to both physical and chemical factors or occupational co-exposures to biomechanical and chemical factors.The results described in the systematic review raised the necessity to conduct further studies multipleoccupational exposures and co-exposures among workers. Therefore, multiple occupational exposures and coexposures’ prevalences to chemical neurotoxic agents (CNAs) and intense physical constraints (IPCs) were examined among 5,587 French male blue-collar workers (BCWs) in the agriculture, manufacturing, and construction sectors based on the cross-sectional and national SUMER 2010 survey. About 6% of male BCWs were co-exposed to IPCs andCNAs in these three sectors (p=0.29). Multiple exposures to IPCs was predominantly observed (35%, p <0.001), while multiple exposures to CNAs was much lower (2%, p <0.001) among male BCWs in three sectors.The findings highlight the necessity to carry out further studies on multiple occupational exposures/coexposures to diverse hazards and their impact on workers’ health. These further researches are required to improve occupational safety and the efficiency of health care surveillance and occupational disease prevention.