Chemical substance abuse remains a major global health and social problem in a South African context. Social workers are one of the professionals who provide social welfare services to adolescents abusing chemical substances. However, social workers are not prepared enough in terms of training and workshops to provide drug dependency treatment to adolescents abusing chemical substances. This study therefore contributes to an emerging body of literature on chemical substance abuse, as there is a lack of information within the Department of Social Development in Lepelle Nkumpi Municipality of Limpopo concerning social workers’ preparedness, experiences and challenges in rendering services to adolescents abusing chemical substances. Furthermore, the study will generate new information that will assist the Department of Social Development to make necessary changes to social welfare services rendered to adolescents abusing chemical substances, and consideration will be given when drafting a framework for treating chemical substance abuse. A qualitative approach was adopted to explore, describe and contextualise social workers’ preparedness, experiences and challenges experienced during their work. Participants were selected using a non-probability technique of purposive sampling. As a data collection method, in-depth, one on one semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven social workers working with adolescents abusing chemical substances. Data was analysed using Tesch’s eight steps and verified using Guba and Lincoln’s model to test the trustworthiness of the data. Ethical considerations adhered to throughout this study were informed consent, right to privacy, avoidance of deception, debriefing of participants and management of information. Findings of the study confirmed that there are no clear guidelines in rendering social welfare services to adolescents abusing chemical substances by social workers. The study further revealed that social workers’ training is generic in nature, therefore they are not well trained to render services to adolescents abusing chemical substances. They therefore lack resources and support to adequately execute social welfare services to adolescents abusing chemical substances. Lack of services for adolescents was also identified as a burning issue. Furthermore, treatment and prevention of chemical substance abuse is overlooked. Based on the research findings, recommendations pertaining to social work practice, social work training and education, social welfare policy, and further research were put forward. / Social Work

Asmens sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose dirbančių medicinos darbuotojų profesinė sveikata priklauso nuo atliekamo darbo apimties ir darbų specifikos. Šiuo metu visuotinai pripažįstama radiologinio tyrimo reikšmė, atliekamų tyrimų vis daugėja. Platus jonizuojančios spinduliuotės šaltinių ir cheminių medžiagų panaudojimas susijęs su tiesiogine juos aptarnaujančių darbuotojų sveikatos rizika sąlygoja profesinių ligų atsiradimą Tyrimo tikslas - Įvertinti Kauno miesto ASPĮ radiologijos skyrių darbuotojų (gydytojų – radiologų, laborantų) nusiskundimų sveikata sąsajas su darbo aplinkos veiksniais. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimas atliktas 2008 metų sausio - vasario mėnesiais. Buvo apklausiami 8 Kauno miesto VŠĮ ASPĮ radiologijos skyrių medicinos darbuotojai. Vienmomentinės anoniminės anketinės apklausos būdu ištirta 188 darbuotojai. Atsako dažnis – 77,47 proc. Klausimynas sudarytas remiantis literatūros analize bei kitų Lietuvoje atliktų tyrimų rezultatais. Apklausa buvo siekta išsiaiškinti, kaip radiologijos skyriaus darbuotojai vertina savo sveikatą ir darbo aplinką. Statistiniams ryšiams įvertinti buvo naudojamas SPSS 13 statistinis paketas. Rezultatai. 87,8 proc. darbuotojų dirba jonizuojančios spinduliuotės sąlygomis ir 47,9 proc. – užterštoje cheminėmis medžiagomis darbo aplinkoje. Darbo vietoje visada darbų saugos reikalavimų laikosi daugiau nei pusė (62,2 proc.) respondentų. Kas antras (56,9 proc.) respondentas savo sveikatos pakitimus sieja su darbo aplinkos sąlygomis. Dažniau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Professional health of workers in health care system depends on volume and specifics of work. Nowadays, the significance of radiology tests is relatively high, and the number of tests is increasing. Wide application of sources of ionization and chemical substances is directly related with the risk of occupational diseases for health care staff working under such conditions. Aim of the study: to evaluate the health complaints and its relationship with work conditions of radiology departments' staff (radiologists and laboratory workers) at Kaunas health care settings. Material and methods. The study was conducted in January–February 2008. The sample included radiology staff of 8 health care settings in Kaunas. Anonymous questionnaire was received from 188 subjects (response rate 77,5%). The questionnaire was constructed for evaluation of health and work conditions. Statistical data analysis was performed using statistical package „SPSS for Windows 13.0“. Results. Altogether, 87,8% of staff works in ionized environment and 47,9% in chemically polluted conditions. The requirements of security at work are fulfilled by 62,2% of responders. More than half of responders (56,9%) relate their subjective health changes with work environment. Among laboratory workers this relationship is stronger than among radiologists (p<0,05). Conclusions. Current health status is estimated as good among one third of responders (more by radiologists than laboratory workers). Most common health... [to full text]

132f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-23T17:07:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Evaldo Rodrigues.pdf: 4098929 bytes, checksum: 3186ccbf14fa44c93e40d4c98532974a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-08T12:09:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Evaldo Rodrigues.pdf: 4098929 bytes, checksum: 3186ccbf14fa44c93e40d4c98532974a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-08T12:09:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - Evaldo Rodrigues.pdf: 4098929 bytes, checksum: 3186ccbf14fa44c93e40d4c98532974a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A ação dos instrumentos nas paredes do canal radicular proporciona a formação da camada residual, que é um extrato de matéria orgânica e inorgânica, de aparência amorfa, superfície irregular e granulosa que é depositada na superfície dentinária a medida que vai se formando, e quando não é removida pode interferir no selamento almejado na etapa da obturação. Algumas substâncias químicas com diferentes composições e variadas concentrações são utilizadas isoladas ou em associações para remover esta camada residual. O presente estudo buscou analisar in vitro, através de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, a eficácia na remoção da camada residual, de diferentes formulações de Endo PTC quando associadas a diferentes concentrações de hipoclorito de sódio, utilizando ou não, irrigação final com EDTA. Para tanto, foram utilizados oitenta dentes unirradiculares humanos recém-extraídos, divididos aleatoriamente em oito grupos de dez dentes cada e distribuídos de acordo com as substâncias utilizadas na instrumentação, da seguinte maneira: Grupo I – preparo do canal com Endo PTC creme, associado ao hipoclorito sódio a 1%; Grupo II – preparo do canal como Endo PTC creme, associado ao hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5%; Grupo III – preparo do canal com Endo PTC creme associado ao hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e irrigação final com EDTA a 17%; Grupo IV – preparo do canal com Endo PTC creme associado ao hipoclorito de sódio a 2,5 e irrigação final com EDTA a 17%. Nos Grupos V, VI, VII e VIII foram utilizadas as mesmas substâncias dos grupos I, II, III e IV respectivamente, substituindo o Endo PTC creme pelo Endo PTC Leve. Os resultados mostraram que: a irrigação final com EDTA promove uma melhor remoção da camada residual, independente da concentração do hipoclorito de sódio e da formulação do Endo PTC; de um modo geral as formulações do Endo PTC não apresentam diferenças estatisticamente significantes na remoção da camada residual independente da concentração do hipoclorito de sódio; a concentração do hipoclorito de sódio associado ao Endo PTC creme, não interfere estatisticamente na remoção da camada residual; a concentração do Hipoclorito de sódio associado ao Endo PTC Leve apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante quando foi feita a irrigação final com EDTA, sendo que a 2,5 % apresentou melhores resultados; no terço apical quando foi utilizado hipoclorito de sódio a 1% e foi feita irrigação final com EDTA, a remoção da camada residual foi estatisticamente inferior ao terço cervical independente da formulação do Endo PTC. / Salvador

The aim of this diploma thesis is to simulate a road accident of a vehicle carrying a chosen dangerous chemical substance in a chosen city. We chose a crash site based on statistical inquiry of the number of road accidents. We chose a chemical substance by analyzing substances used in the vicinity of the chosen city. Through the use of simulation, we described and created a proposition of solving the arose extraordinary event, for the components of Emergency Service units. After completing these objectives, it will be possible to answer the research question: What kind of jeopardy does the leakage of a chosen chemical substance represent, during transportation in a chosen town? The theoretical part firstly focuses on basic terms that we worked with in the thesis. Basic legislative fixing point of dangerous objects and substances is described. Also, European and interstate regulations about transportation of these things is described. European agreement ADR is separately described further away. In the next part, manipulation with dangerous substances and mixtures is described as it is shown in Enactment EP and Council No. 1272/2008/ES, or the enactment of CLP. The characteristics determining their hazardousness, the way of evaluation and classification of dangerous substances and mixtures into corresponding categories is also described. Separately described are ways of packaging and numbering these substances. In the last part, we described the making of a safety list about chemical substances and mixtures, with an emphasis on the information about their transportation. In the next part we described the transportation of dangerous objects and substances on the highway. Further away we described appropriateness and demands for transportation of dangerous substances, for example demands on choosing vehicle personnel, the transportation itself and the equipment that every vehicle must have. We described the risks related with transportation and planning routes for transporting dangerous substances and objects. The aim of the assessments and precautions above are to minimalize risks related to transportation of dangerous substances and thus make it relatively safe. Unfortunately, this is not absolutely possible. This was also found to be true in the empirical part of the thesis, in which we carried out an analysis of the statistics of road accidents of vehicles in the ADR mode, and we found that the human factor is indeed the cause of these accidents. It was proven that 94% of all the road accidents of vehicles in the ADR mode was caused by the driver of the vehicle.Further away, the number of Emergency Service units interferences in cases of dangerous substance leakage and procedures carried out during those interferences, are described. In the empirical part of the thesis, we described methods of choosing the crash site and the dangerous substance. As a crash site we chose highway I/49 in Zlín county, that is evaluated as a highway of medium risk of road accidents, on the road risk map of Czech Republic. More accurately, cross-road of Třída Tomáše Bati and Březnická street in Zlín. When choosing the right substance we conducted an analysis of chemical substance usage in Zlín county. Subsequently we chose aqueous solution of ammoniac, which is being transported on the highway I/49 by two companies. It is prepared in IBC containers with the volume of 1000 liters. Acquired data was used for simulation, evaluation of the extraordinary event and for choosing the number of individuals in jeopardy.The simulation was executed using the TerEx software. Subsequently, the proposal for dealing with the extraordinary event by the Emergency Service units was developed. Based on the executed simulation, it is possible to assess that transportation of dangerous substances and mixtures constitutes a great danger in the residential area with a high number of habitable and administrative buildings.

The production and processing of various chemicals and raw materials all around the world currently exceeds hundreds of millions of tonnes a year and is constantly growing. In addition, the spectre of produced materials is increasing, including relatively toxic compounds. It is absolutely clear that such production volumes lead to a risk of accidents with the leakage of chemical toxicants, and {--} depending on the toxicity of the relevant substances {--} these accidents represent a serious threat for human health, animals and the environment.Disasters involving chemicals drew public attention already in the 20th century, when ways were sought to guarantee the safety of production, storage and transportation of hazardous materials. This is also an essential prerequisite for the occurrence of an accident involving the leakage of chemical toxicants {--} the presence of such toxicants in the production, processing, storage or transportation.Whether during wars or in peacetime, there are situations when large numbers of people can be exposed to the effects of a wide spectre of hazardous chemical substances (NCHL). These situations include military operations, campaigns by the integrated rescue system (IZS), industrial accidents or acts of terror. In developed industrial countries, the capacities used for the production, storage, processing and transportation of NCHL are usually localized in urban industrial zones. The high concentrations of these hazardous chemical substances within these zones represent a potential health risk for the people nearby. Chemical safety is a challenge and a must. I find this issue attractive and therefore decided to analyse, in my thesis, the causes of mass chemical intoxication and their consequences on the affected population. The objective of this diploma thesis is to compare the forms of protection and liquidation of the consequences of such accidents and try to find, structure and unify the recommendations regarding the solution of emergencies associated with mass chemical intoxications. Another objective was to verify the hypothesis that regulations and existing procedures regarding the solution of emergencies associated with mass chemical intoxications do not correspond with today{\crq}s standards and the on-going development of chemical noxious agents.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of harmful substances and to carry out an inquiry to find out how well informed the public is concerning hazardous chemical substances and to suggest actions to improve the public's awareness.

The professional public have registered and increased incidence of injuries to children caused by chemical substances during the last years. The issue has recently been neither given appropriate publicity in media nor solved sufficiently, however, with respect to the high frequency and seriousness of injuries, it deserves to be given more significant attention. The research study focused on detailed mapping of the causes and circumstances of the occurrence of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract injuries in children caused by chemical substances. The research sample comprised of children less than 18 years old who suffered injuries caused by a chemical substance in the monitored period, while being hospitalized in connection with such an injury at the Nemocnice České Budějovice, a. s., Nemocnice Most, o. z., and Fakultní nemocnice Motol, Prague, hospitals. The research study included 90 children (out of which 44 girls and 46 boys). The youngest hospitalized child was five months old, the oldest was seventeen. The required data were collected in a prospective manner (May 1, 2008 - October 31, 2008) and in a retrospective manner (January 1, 2006 {--} April 30, 2008). I obtained the research result though the secondary data analysis (medical documentation) and the analysis of products (those that where staded in the medical documentation to have been packed in an original package). The results of the secondary analysis of the medical documentation refer to the fact that 94 per cent of all the injuries caused by chemical substances were induced by children in their domestic environment. Damage to the organism was caused by agents commonly used in Czech households (waste pipe cleaners, dishwasher tablets, cooker cleaners, etc). It is understandable that packals of these products attract children's attention because producers have selected rich colours (yellow, blue, violet, pink) only for their products as a part of their fight-for-customers strategy. Many products have not been fitted with safety cap closures and in combination with unsuitable storing there was nothing left to prevent an injury. The appearance of new detergents, such as for example dishwasher tablets, on the market is accompanied with the risk of occurrence of new injury types that need to be drawn attention to. In my opinion, sufficient public healt educational campaigns should lead to the decreasing of the number of injuries. Information campaign should be organised in a manner addressing the highest possible number of parents and persons taking care of children. I consider efficient to place information leaflets on the websites of organisations and institutions working with children population, to use TV spots and to distribute information leaflets of brochures to paediatric surgeries and nursery schools. The leaflets should contain information not only about proper household storing of such products, but also several pieces of advice in the case when an injury has already been suffered.

To perform comparision of possible SW tools for evaluation of accidental consequences of major industrial chemical accidents with a focus on flamable, explosive and toxic chemical substances. To perform evaluation of different model cases with named subtences. To suggest a structure of SW tool for this purpose

Este trabalho consiste em uma análise epistemológica do conceito de substância apresentado, direta ou indiretamente, nos livros didáticos de 5a e 8a séries do Ensino Fundamental. O trabalho foi aliçercado na epistemologia de Gaston Bachelard utilizando, principalmente, as noções de obstáculo epistemológico e perfil epistemológico para estabelecer os critérios de análise. A partir destas considerações, procuramos identificar a presença de obstáculos epistemológicos e a existência, ou não, de uma preocupação dos autores com os diferentes momentos epistemológicos relacionados ao conceito de substância ao longo da história da evolução deste conceito. Foram analisados os livros de 5a e 8a séries, das seis coleções aprovadas pelo PNLD/2002, entendendo que estas refletem o ensino de ciências desenvolvido pela maioria dos professores das escolas públicas brasileiras, já que estes são distribuídos gratuitamente pelo governo federal. Pudemos detectar que, na maioria das coleções analisadas, prevalece a presença de obstáculos substancialistas e realistas, não havendo, também, uma preocupação com os diferentes momentos epistemológicos relacionados à evolução do conceito de substância. Enfim, a análise dos resultados indica que as coleções, em sua maioria, não apresentam uma preocupação maior com a construção do conceito de substância e, tão pouco, com as questões epistemológicas relacionadas a este conceito. / This dissertation consists of an epistemologic analysis of the definition of chemical substance given directly or indirectly in school books from 5th to 8th grades in Junior High Schools in Brazil. The dissertation was supported in the epistemology of Gaston Bachelard utilizing, mainly, the notions of epistemologic obstacle and epistemologic profile to establish the criteria for the analysis. Starting from these considerations the study seeks to identify the presence of epistemologic obstacles and whether the book authors are concerned or not about the different epistemologic moments related to the concept of substance through the history of the evolution of this concept. Books from 5th to 8th grades, from six volumes approved by PNLD/2002, were analysed. These books are considered to reflect the scientific studies developed by the majority of Brazilian public High School teachers, considering that the books are complimentarily disgtributed by the federal government. It was possible to detect that, in the majority of the volumes analysed, the presence of substancialistic and realistic obstacle prevails and that there isn''t any concern about the different epistemologic moments related to the evolution of the concept of substance. Finaly, the analysis of the results shows that most of the volumes don''t present any major concern about the construction of the concept of substance, and not even with the epistemologic matters related to this concept.

Introduction. This paper discusses the most topical issues of the Biocidal Products Directive (BPD) implementation, in particular, the impact on the social and health safety on various population groups, environmental safety, trade, manufacturing and their prospectives. The Aim of the Study – to evaluate the development of the biocides market and its participants in Lithuania. The Tasks – to evaluate the impact of the approximation of the laws of Lithuania and the European Union, concerning the placing of biocides on the market and its participants. Methods. Based on the "Methodology for impact of the regulatory laws assessment", the study identifies changes in the biocides market and the activity of its participants. A sample survey of manufacturers of biocides and of the users (personal health care institutions and preventive disinfection and disinfestation enterprises) was conducted. The analysis and evaluation of the available biocides database was also undertaken and SPSS statistics software was used to measure the statistical significance of the results. The market was assessed by the application of the criteria laid down in the BPD, in particular, the number of authorized biocides, distribution of product types, distribution of biocides according to categories of users, distribution of use of identified and notified active substances of biocides. Results. The study demonstrated that the Lithuanian biocides market has changed following the implementation of the BPD:... [to full text]