The target of the thesis was to evaluate the risk of chemical harmful substances and dust in the working air of metal production. Four research questions were asked: {\clqq}What harmful substances are fixed in the working environment of the metal production?`` {\clqq}Are the hygienic limits of chemical substances and dust in the working environment of metal production observed?``, {\clqq}What measures were taken by the employer for the purpose of the health protection of employees?`` and {\clqq}Are the measures taken by the employer for the purpose of the health protection of employees effective?`` The thesis was treated as qualitative research. The followed file consisted of three South Bohemian companies dealing with metal production. The method of the direct, non participating and clear observation was applied for the data collection, moreover the study of documents {--} testing reports. The secondary analysis of data was performed. The results of measuring were compared with the hygienic limits fixed by the Directive of government No. 361/2007 Coll.. The evaluated professions were divided in categories pursuant the Directive No. 432/2003 Coll. In the working air of metal production, the concentration of the total dust, chromium, hexavalent chromium, carbon monoxide and ozone were followed. The last measuring in the monitored workshops proved that the hygienic limits were observed, except for two cases when the highest acceptable concentration determined for chromium and the chromium (II,III) compounds as Cr, and of the hygienic limit for welding fumes were exceeded. The most important protective measure applied by the employers on their workplaces was the reconstruction of air-conditioning, or installation of local exhausting. In view of the gradual decrease of the harmful substance in the working air in connection to the taken measures may be stated that the given measures were effective. The hypothesis {\clqq}Modernisation of operations in metal production improves the working environment of employees and in the modern operations no above-the-limit values of the most monitored harmful substances were found out. ``

Legal Regulation of the Placing of Hazardous Chemical Substances and Mixtures on the Market in European Union Environmental Law Abstract: The aim of the thesis was to explore the main features of the legal regulation of the placing of hazardous chemical substances and mixtures on the market in European Union environmental law, namely those features which significantly affect the achievement of a high level of protection of human health and the environment. In order to fulfil this aim, two regulatory regimes governing the placing on the market of substances and mixtures were analysed: a general one, mainly represented by the REACH Regulation (No. 1907/2006) and the CLP Regulation (No. 1272/2008), and a special one, where the Plant Protection Products Regulation (No. 1107/2009) was the object of analysis. The thesis first deals with general issues of the regulation of hazardous substances and mixtures: the role of private and public law, the phenomenon of the so-called proceduralisation of environmental law and the definition of basic terms (including a detailed analysis of the concepts of hazard, hazardous properties, risk and related terms). This general part is followed by an analysis of the most important legal institutions contained in the mentioned legislation (notably registration, evaluation,...

Objetivo: Fornecer subsídios para a formulação de políticas públicas baseadas na avaliação de riscos, para o gerenciamento de agrotóxicos, tendo como foco de estudo os atuais procedimentos técnicos utilizados em nível federal para registro de produtos agrotóxicos, e as exigências relacionadas à avaliação de riscos presentes em dois acordos internacionais sobre substâncias químicas. Resultados: O gerenciamento das substâncias químicas é descentralizado, sem pauta de ação definida e realizado por meio da individualização dos riscos das substâncias. Pelo menos quatorze instituições federais possuem alguma atuação no gerenciamento. A atuação unilateral da maioria das instituições envolvidas gera uma legislação fragmentada, e implementada sob baixo grau de coordenação. O controle da implementação é feito pelo Estado, por meio da fiscalização dos padrões de emissão definidos, ou pela restrição ou proibição. Apesar de existir um rico arcabouço legal, ele não garante que a sociedade esteja usufruindo benefícios, uma vez que a falta de dados oficiais, e o reduzido número de resultados de investigações científicas relacionados ao tema, dificultam as tentativas de análise. Os principais atores envolvidos no gerenciamento dos agrotóxicos são os ministérios da Saúde, do Meio Ambiente e da Agricultura, que definem a emissão do registro. Outros ministérios possuem atividades de gerenciamento paralelas, como o do Transporte e do Trabalho. O parâmetro para registro é essencialmente a avaliação do potencial de perigo ambiental e toxicológico e a atividade de avaliação de riscos, apesar de ser citada no principal documento legal do setor, não esta implementada ou discutida em bases concretas. Os estudos que orientam a decisão do registro não são divulgados. Para implementar as convenções o país deve modificar o seu referencial de tomada de decisão. Conclusões: (1) As instituições federais brasileiras atuam de forma independente e elaboram normas legais para os assuntos sob sua responsabilidade, sendo o Estado o principal responsável pela definição dos parâmetros de proteção. (2) A fragmentação excessiva da legislação sobre substâncias químicas impede definir se a implementação das políticas traz benefícios para a sociedade. (3) a legislação que dá a base para o controle dos agrotóxicos no País é tecnicamente atualizada, mas o gerenciamento efetivamente executado ainda está muito aquém do potencial permitido pela legislação. (4) O conceito científico de risco é ignorado na maioria dos documentos legais para o gerenciamento de substâncias químicas no Brasil. (5) A infra-estrutura legal existente viabiliza a implementação da avaliação de riscos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente no gerenciamento de agrotóxicos. (6) A infra-estrutura institucional deve migrar para uma perspectiva mais inclusiva e integradora, privilegiando a geração de dados e valores multirreferenciais, se o país quiser utilizar o risco como referência para o gerenciamento de agrotóxicos. (7) Com os atuais procedimentos de tomada de decisão o Brasil não tem as condições de atender às obrigações relacionadas à avaliação de riscos constantes das convenções PIC e POPs. / Objective: The purpose of this work was to provide subsidies for formulating public policies based on risk assessment for pesticide management, focusing on the current national technical procedures for the registration of pesticide products and on the requirements regarding risk assessment of two international agreements on chemical substances. Results: Chemical substances management is not centralized, with no defined action guidelines, and is conducted in view of the substances risks individually considered At least fourteen federal institutions work on pesticide management. The unilateral performance of most institutions leads to a fragmented legislation, poorly implemented due to lack of coordination. The State is responsible for implementing the legislation, either supervising the defined emission patterns or restricting and prohibiting them. Despite the existence of legal framework, it does not ensure that society is being benefited, once the lack of official data and the reduced amount of scientific inquiry on the subject make the analysis difficult. The main governmental organs involved in pesticide management are the Health, Environment and Agriculture Ministries, which are also responsible for issuing registration certificates. Other ministries have parallel management activities, as it is the case of the Transport and Work Ministries. The parameters for registration are essentially the evaluation of environmental hazard and toxicological potential, as well as the risk assessment activity. In spite of being quoted in the main management document, the assessment activities are not implemented or discussed on solid basis. The studies guiding the decisions on the registration are not published. In order to implement the conventions, the country has to change its reference for decision taking. Conclusions: (1) The Brazilian federal institutions act independently and elaborate legal procedures on subjects under their responsibility, with the State being responsible for the definition of safety parameters. (2) The excessive fragmentation of the legislation on chemical substances obstructs the definition about whether implementing the management policies benefits society or not. (3) The legislation in which pesticide control is based on is technically updated. However, the management performed is far behind the scope of the legislation. (4) The scientific concept of risk is ignored in most legal documents concerning the management of chemical substances in Brazil. (5) The existing legal framework enables the implementation of health and environmental risk assessment related to pesticide management. (6) If the country is to use risk as a reference for pesticide management, its institutional infrastructure should assume a more comprehensive and integrated perspective, promoting the generation of multi referential data and figures. (7) The current decision taking procedures in Brazil do not meet the demands concerning the assessment of risks established by PIC and POPs Conventions.

Objetivo: Fornecer subsídios para a formulação de políticas públicas baseadas na avaliação de riscos, para o gerenciamento de agrotóxicos, tendo como foco de estudo os atuais procedimentos técnicos utilizados em nível federal para registro de produtos agrotóxicos, e as exigências relacionadas à avaliação de riscos presentes em dois acordos internacionais sobre substâncias químicas. Resultados: O gerenciamento das substâncias químicas é descentralizado, sem pauta de ação definida e realizado por meio da individualização dos riscos das substâncias. Pelo menos quatorze instituições federais possuem alguma atuação no gerenciamento. A atuação unilateral da maioria das instituições envolvidas gera uma legislação fragmentada, e implementada sob baixo grau de coordenação. O controle da implementação é feito pelo Estado, por meio da fiscalização dos padrões de emissão definidos, ou pela restrição ou proibição. Apesar de existir um rico arcabouço legal, ele não garante que a sociedade esteja usufruindo benefícios, uma vez que a falta de dados oficiais, e o reduzido número de resultados de investigações científicas relacionados ao tema, dificultam as tentativas de análise. Os principais atores envolvidos no gerenciamento dos agrotóxicos são os ministérios da Saúde, do Meio Ambiente e da Agricultura, que definem a emissão do registro. Outros ministérios possuem atividades de gerenciamento paralelas, como o do Transporte e do Trabalho. O parâmetro para registro é essencialmente a avaliação do potencial de perigo ambiental e toxicológico e a atividade de avaliação de riscos, apesar de ser citada no principal documento legal do setor, não esta implementada ou discutida em bases concretas. Os estudos que orientam a decisão do registro não são divulgados. Para implementar as convenções o país deve modificar o seu referencial de tomada de decisão. Conclusões: (1) As instituições federais brasileiras atuam de forma independente e elaboram normas legais para os assuntos sob sua responsabilidade, sendo o Estado o principal responsável pela definição dos parâmetros de proteção. (2) A fragmentação excessiva da legislação sobre substâncias químicas impede definir se a implementação das políticas traz benefícios para a sociedade. (3) a legislação que dá a base para o controle dos agrotóxicos no País é tecnicamente atualizada, mas o gerenciamento efetivamente executado ainda está muito aquém do potencial permitido pela legislação. (4) O conceito científico de risco é ignorado na maioria dos documentos legais para o gerenciamento de substâncias químicas no Brasil. (5) A infra-estrutura legal existente viabiliza a implementação da avaliação de riscos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente no gerenciamento de agrotóxicos. (6) A infra-estrutura institucional deve migrar para uma perspectiva mais inclusiva e integradora, privilegiando a geração de dados e valores multirreferenciais, se o país quiser utilizar o risco como referência para o gerenciamento de agrotóxicos. (7) Com os atuais procedimentos de tomada de decisão o Brasil não tem as condições de atender às obrigações relacionadas à avaliação de riscos constantes das convenções PIC e POPs. / Objective: The purpose of this work was to provide subsidies for formulating public policies based on risk assessment for pesticide management, focusing on the current national technical procedures for the registration of pesticide products and on the requirements regarding risk assessment of two international agreements on chemical substances. Results: Chemical substances management is not centralized, with no defined action guidelines, and is conducted in view of the substances risks individually considered At least fourteen federal institutions work on pesticide management. The unilateral performance of most institutions leads to a fragmented legislation, poorly implemented due to lack of coordination. The State is responsible for implementing the legislation, either supervising the defined emission patterns or restricting and prohibiting them. Despite the existence of legal framework, it does not ensure that society is being benefited, once the lack of official data and the reduced amount of scientific inquiry on the subject make the analysis difficult. The main governmental organs involved in pesticide management are the Health, Environment and Agriculture Ministries, which are also responsible for issuing registration certificates. Other ministries have parallel management activities, as it is the case of the Transport and Work Ministries. The parameters for registration are essentially the evaluation of environmental hazard and toxicological potential, as well as the risk assessment activity. In spite of being quoted in the main management document, the assessment activities are not implemented or discussed on solid basis. The studies guiding the decisions on the registration are not published. In order to implement the conventions, the country has to change its reference for decision taking. Conclusions: (1) The Brazilian federal institutions act independently and elaborate legal procedures on subjects under their responsibility, with the State being responsible for the definition of safety parameters. (2) The excessive fragmentation of the legislation on chemical substances obstructs the definition about whether implementing the management policies benefits society or not. (3) The legislation in which pesticide control is based on is technically updated. However, the management performed is far behind the scope of the legislation. (4) The scientific concept of risk is ignored in most legal documents concerning the management of chemical substances in Brazil. (5) The existing legal framework enables the implementation of health and environmental risk assessment related to pesticide management. (6) If the country is to use risk as a reference for pesticide management, its institutional infrastructure should assume a more comprehensive and integrated perspective, promoting the generation of multi referential data and figures. (7) The current decision taking procedures in Brazil do not meet the demands concerning the assessment of risks established by PIC and POPs Conventions.

Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta Katedra pedagogiky DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Přídatné látky ve vybraných masných výrobcích v ČR Food additives in selected meat products of the Czech Republic Pavel Vondrášek Vedoucí práce: Ing. Bc. Alena Váchová, Ph.D. Studijní program: Učitelství pro střední školy Studijní obor: Učitelství všeobecně vzdělávacích předmětů pro základní školy a střední školy pedagogika - výchova ke zdraví 2016 1 ABSTRACT The issue of food additives is a very hot topic in the current society. This fact has been recently reflected in a fair amount of legal regulations governing this industrial branch and almost hysterical campaigns of various food-providing chains that are trying persuade the public that only and just their products are free of any such additives. At the same time, however, and quite effortlessly can each of us get quite opposite information that would definitely harm the aura of safety created round the food additives. It is evident that a typical man takes mostly subjective attitude in this chaos of opposing information which is supported by different fabulations or "reliable information". The aim of this thesis is to clarify the issue of food additives and their use in meat-based products that form one part of unhealthy eating habits in our society. The acquired...

Creating the proposition of the specific database of the hazardous chemical substances for the necessity the integrated rescue system of the Czech Republic. The basic properties of the hazardous chemical substances. The integrated rescue system and its components. The brief view of the selected databases from CR and abroad concerning the hazardous chemical substances. The proposed structure, content and range of the possible communal database of the hazardous chemical substances on the basis of the necessities and the requirements the particular components of the integrated rescue system and possibilities of the utilization.

Submitted thesis deal with estimation safeness of electroplating technologi with reference to occurrence hazardous substances falls on man and environment. To identification diversification was used quantitative risk assessment and chemical exposure index.

The theme of population protection nowadays is very actual. It shows, that the average citizen of the Czech Republic is not able to protect his property, health nor life in the case of an emergency. This thesis examines on the readiness of the population in the case of accidents involving hazardous chemical substances in the past and nowadays and offers a comparison with other countries. The main part focuses on the guide for protection against hazardous chemical substances, according to which even an uninitiated person can orientate in the crisis situation and respond accordingly.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the use and management of hazardous chemical substances (HCS) at a chemistry department in a selected Higher Education Institution in Gauteng province. Method: A quantitative, baseline descriptive study was conducted using a structured survey checklist. The population consisted of the chemistry department. Other than purposive observation by the researcher, employees present during data collection were approached for further clarifying comment to survey questions. Results: It emerged that physical-, health- and environmental hazard classes of HCS were present; and that hazard types included flammable liquids, HCS with acute toxicity and carcinogenicity. Selected exposure control measures were lacking which created risks of fire and explosion. Conclusion: The study reflected the use and management of HCS, the actual and potential human exposure and the exposure control measures. Varying degrees of compliance were found, which, if attended to, should mitigate risks to health and safety. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the use and management of hazardous chemical substances (HCS) at a chemistry department in a selected Higher Education Institution in Gauteng province. Method: A quantitative, baseline descriptive study was conducted using a structured survey checklist. The population consisted of the chemistry department. Other than purposive observation by the researcher, employees present during data collection were approached for further clarifying comment to survey questions. Results: It emerged that physical-, health- and environmental hazard classes of HCS were present; and that hazard types included flammable liquids, HCS with acute toxicity and carcinogenicity. Selected exposure control measures were lacking which created risks of fire and explosion. Conclusion: The study reflected the use and management of HCS, the actual and potential human exposure and the exposure control measures. Varying degrees of compliance were found, which, if attended to, should mitigate risks to health and safety. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)