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Impediments to the elimination of child labor : A critical review of child labor policies and laws of LiberiaOkodi, Thomas January 2023 (has links)
Child labor is a pressing issue in Liberia, as it is in many other developing countries. Poverty is a significant factor that drives child labor in Liberia, as many families rely on the income generated by their children to survive. While the government has developed numerous policy interventions and laws to address the issue, recent reports show that the prevalence of child labor within the ages of 5-17 is still very high This study aims to critically evaluate the effectiveness of governments efforts by critically examining key policies and laws set up by government in relation to established international legal standards to combat the scourge. It relies on Bacchi's "What's the problem represented to be?" (WPR) policy analysis approach.The analysis revealed that there are gaps in policy and law that has stalled government‟s efforts in achieving its resolution to reducing the prevalence of child labor. The minimum age for employment is below international standards, hazardous work is allowed for children aged16 and above, domestic work is not included in the list of hazardous work, light work is not defined or regulated, and penalties for violating child labor laws are weak. In addition, enforcement of child labor laws is weak, particularly in the informal sector, where most child labor takes place.These gaps are incompatible with international standards hindering progress towards eliminating child labor in the country. This study argues that effective policies are crucial to child labor elimination in Liberia, without which children will continue to be engaged in exploitative work which puts them at risk and denies them of their fundamental human rights.
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Human Rights Violations During the Covid-19 : A Case Study of Child Marriages in NigerFalodi, Faith January 2023 (has links)
Millions of people's lives have been upended by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has also worsened existing inequalities and led to widespread abuses of human rights. This report examines the rise in teen marriage in Niger as a result of the global epidemic. The closure of schools, economic hardship, and social isolation have made females vulnerable to early marriage as families strive to reduce financial pressures or safeguard daughters from getting the virus. This report examines the causes of child marriage in Niger, the impacts of the pandemic on girls' rights, and the measures taken by government and civil society organisations to combat the issue. The document argues that child marriage violates girls' rights and perpetuates a cycle of poverty and poor health outcomes. The report concludes that urgent action is required to protect the rights of girls and end the harmful practise of child marriage, especially in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. This case study highlights the importance of addressing human rights violations during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the necessity of sustained efforts to promote gender equality and protect the rights of women and girls.
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En förändrad syn på barnets rättigheter i vårdnadstvister / A changed view of children’s rights in custody casesNilsson, Evelina January 2023 (has links)
Denna studies syfte var att undersöka hur barnrättsperspektivet diskuteras i domslut gällande vårdnadstvister samt hur stor vikt barnets bästa har i slutligt domslut. Även att undersöka om det finns några likheter och skillnader i motiveringen och domslutet sedan FN:s konvention om barns rättigheter blev en del i svensk lagstiftning. I studien har följande frågeställningar besvarats: Hur diskuteras barnrättsperspektivet i vårdnadstvister och hur stor vikt läggs vid barnets bästa i slutligt domslut? Hur har användandet av barnrättsperspektivet förändrats sedan barnkonventionen blev en del i svensk lagstiftning samt vilka likheter och skillnader finns i motiveringar och domslut i vårdnadstvister? I studien har åtta domslut från tidsperioden 2016–2019 samt åtta domslut från 2020–2023 analyserats genom en jämförande kvalitativ innehållsanalys samt ur ett barndomssociologiskt perspektiv och ett rättssociologiskt perspektiv. Studiens resultat har visat på likheter i tidsperioderna gällande hur stor betydelse ska tillskrivas till faktorer som vårdnadshavarnas samarbete och föräldrarnas förmåga att skydda barnet från en hotfull och skadlig miljö. Likheter gällande saknade diskussioner kring barnets anknytning och barnets delaktighet förekommer även i båda tidsperioderna. Resultatet har visat på utmärkande skillnader i tidsperioderna då det skett en ökning av barnperspektiv i domslut, både genom barnets inkludering och hur barnets åsikter beaktas och tillmäts betydelse. Resultatet påvisar även en reducering gällande diskussionen om barnets anknytning till föräldrarna efter att barnkonventionen blev del av svensk lag. Sammanfattningsvis pekar studiens resultat på en smärre förändring gällande barnperspektivet i de domslut som studerats, sedan barnkonventionen blev en del i svensk lagstiftning. / The purpose of this study was to examine how the best interests of the child are discussed in the judgment of the court regarding child custody cases and how much impact the child's best interest has in the final judgment. Also, to examine similarities and differences in the inquiry and final judgment since the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child became a part of Swedish law. The following questions were answered in the study: How is the child rights perspective discussed in custody cases and how much importance is given to the best interests of the child in the final judgment? How has the use of the child rights perspective changed since the Convention on the Rights of the Child became part of Swedish law and what similarities and differences are there in justifications and judgments in custody cases? In the study, eight verdicts from 2016-2019 and eight verdicts from 2020-2023 have been analyzed through comparative qualitative content analysis and discussed within the theoretical framework of childhood sociology and sociology of law. The results of the study have shown similarities in the periods regarding how much importance should be attributed to factors such as the cooperation of the guardians and the parent's ability to protect the child from a threatening and harmful environment. Similarities regarding missing discussions about the child's attachment and the child's participation also occur in both periods. The results have shown significant differences in the time periods when there has been an increase in the child's perspective in judgments, both through the child's inclusion and how the child's opinions are considered and given importance. The results also show a reduction in the discussion of the child's attachment to the parents after the Convention on the Rights of the Child became part of Swedish law. In summary, the study's results point to a minor change regarding the child perspective in the verdicts studied, since the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child became part of Swedish law.
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