Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 261-219). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 261-219). Also available on the Internet.

Coupled with the outcome focus, although the important role of children within family purchasing has been acknowledged, many researchers have neglected to include children directly as respondents.  Taken together, these conceptual and methodological issues highlighted the need for in-depth qualitative research exploring family purchasing.  The research aimed to explore the nature of child influence in terms of children’s role within the family purchase process, the influence behaviour adopted by children, and their role in aspects of the purchase process such as communications.  The methods adopted included the collection of bibliographic data, an in-depth interview with parents and children separately, and the completion of a decision mapping tool, followed by a family interview. The research revealed a number of important findings.  An overarching theme concerned the complexity of family purchase decision making.  There were multiple patterns of decision making found which reflect the numerous factors that impact on and influence this important purchasing unit.  Critically, factors other than product were seen to have a key impact on child influence.  The children in all of the respondent families were found to have direct influence over the purchases discussed.  Rather than living up to the ‘pester power’ stereotype commonly portrayed in the media, the children demonstrated a range of sophisticated behaviours, underpinned by the use of knowledge and information.  The children also played an active role within family purchase communication.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 280-285).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254-261). Also available via the Internet.

Convenience retailing in South Africa is currently experiencing a unique evolution due to the inception of modernised garage convenience stores. Little is known about the actual impact this has had on the fast-moving-consumer-goods market. Furthermore, even less research has been targeted at the young consumers growing up in this digital and more demanding Millennium. This report investigates the role that convenience stores play in the market place with regards to children. It examines the various influences that affect a child’s preferences in store patronage and what retailers can do to maximise their offerings to young consumers. Garage convenience stores and traditional cafés are the primary store targets whilst children aged 9 to 12 (The Millennium Generation) are the specific consumer targets. The research results revealed how children have become more street savvy and that retailers cannot easily pull the wool over their eyes. Kids have become more knowledgeable and demanding, making it that much tougher in the convenience store industry. The fact that younger consumers also have more spending power, are extremely safety conscious and are aware of kid discrimination adds to the pressure. Surprisingly, cafés seem to be more popular with the Millennium Generation than one would initially think. The empirical study verified these findings, leading to a proposed strategic agenda for guiding convenience retailers on how to approach the Millennium Generation and strengthen consumer ties. Consistency, uniformity, loyalty programmes and pricing schemes are some of the typical areas that are addressed. With the implementation of this study’s suggested recommendations, convenience stores should be able to appeal to the Millennium Generation and ensure a healthy mutually advantageous relationship. Failing to heed the importance of the Millennium Generation will inevitable lead to serious business complications in the future. / Prof. C.J. Jooste

by Leung Yuen-chun, Ginny, Woo Pui-shan, Holly, Yuen Lai-kwan, Janis. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaf [642] / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xv / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Decision-Making Objectives --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.7 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.8 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Design --- p.8 / Chapter 3.2 --- Data Collection Method --- p.8 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Questionnaire --- p.9 / Chapter 3.4 --- Sampling Method --- p.12 / Chapter 3.5 --- Sampling Frame --- p.13 / Chapter 3.6 --- The Fieldwork --- p.13 / Chapter 3.7 --- Method of Analysis --- p.14 / Chapter IV. --- DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1 --- Demographic Profile Analysis --- p.18 / Chapter 4.2 --- Findings From Section I - Attitude Statements --- p.49 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Mean Score of Attitude Statements by Sex --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Mean Score of Attitude Statements by Age --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Mean Score of Attitude Statements by Educational Level --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Mean Score of Attitude Statements by Marital Status --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Mean Score of Attitude Statements by Income --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3 --- Findings From Section II - The Most Important in Life --- p.66 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Findings From ""The Most Important in Life"" by Demographic Factors" --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4 --- Findings From Section III - Satisfaction Statement --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Findings From Degree of Satisfaction by Sex --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Findings From Degree of Satisfaction by Age --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Findings From Degree of Satisfaction by Educational Level --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Findings From Degree of Satisfaction by Marital Status --- p.77 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Findings From Degree of Satisfaction by Income --- p.77 / Chapter 4.5 --- Findings From Section IV-Expectations and Wishes --- p.80 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Findings From Top Three Wishes --- p.80 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Findings From The Moment of Happiness --- p.85 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Findings From The Most Desirable Type of Company --- p.93 / Chapter 4.6 --- Findings From Section V - Leisure Activities --- p.100 / Chapter 4.7 --- Findings From Section VI --- p.109 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Department Stores --- p.109 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Specialty Stores --- p.112 / Chapter 4.7.3 --- Fast Food Outlets --- p.114 / Chapter 4.7.4 --- Shopping Centres --- p.117 / Chapter 4.7.5 --- Grocery Stores --- p.118 / Chapter 4.7.6 --- Eating outlets --- p.121 / Chapter 4.8 --- Findings From Section VII --- p.122 / Chapter 4.8.1 --- Food --- p.122 / Chapter 4.8.2 --- Restaurant --- p.128 / Chapter 4.8.3 --- Transportation --- p.135 / Chapter 4.9 --- Findings From Section VIII --- p.142 / Chapter 4.9.1 --- Overall Ranking of Television Programs by Mean Scores --- p.142 / Chapter 4.9.2 --- Mean Score of Each Program by Five Demographic Factors --- p.145 / Chapter 4.10 --- Findings From Section IX --- p.161 / Chapter 4.10.1 --- Newspapers --- p.161 / Chapter 4.10.2 --- Radio Programs --- p.164 / Chapter 4.10.3 --- Magazines --- p.167 / Chapter 4.11 --- Findings From Section X --- p.171 / Chapter 4.11.1 --- Durables --- p.171 / Chapter 4.11.2 --- Beverages --- p.226 / Chapter 4.11.3 --- Daily Products --- p.250 / Chapter 4.11.4 --- Ladies' Products --- p.316 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION --- p.328 / Chapter VI. --- LIMITATIONS --- p.332 / APPENDIX1 / APPENDIX2 / APPENDIX3 / BIBLIOGRAPHY

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When it comes to getting people to spend money on consumer goods, Madison Avenue have trust in the power of a whining child. The very young are more and more becoming the target of the advertising industry. As more and more companies are turning to child psychologists to help fine tune their messages, some specialists in child development are disturbed by the trend. As marketers are pitching to younger audiences, the question arises if children are being robbed of their innocence and childhood. Children are very naïve about advertising and can easily be manipulated and exploited. The general belief in the industry is that marketers can shape these children into lifelong customers with brand loyalties. Estimates have shown that children's aggregate spending has roughly doubled during the 1960's, 1970's, 1980's and almost tripled in the 1990's (Zoll, 2000). Why is this the case? What are the big corporations really up to: recruiting children to promote products on the playground, acting as their friends on social networks, repackaging junk food as a new health alternative and blurring the lines between what is advertising and what is not. Marketing that targets children are virtually everywhere - television, the internet, the playground and even the classroom. Product placements and other innovations have introduced more subtle ways of conveying their message. All this have created "commercialised children". The debate regarding the ethics of marketing to children is not a new development. Over the last three decades there were some fundamental questions asked about the fairness of marketing to children. Most of these questions are still unresolved. As the consumers started to understand their rights better over the last few years, this debate has started to move to the fore. While parents at home are struggling to set limits, marketing executives are working just as hard to undermine these efforts with irresistible offers. We need ask ourselves if too much marketing leads to unhappy families or will all these products lead to a more happy life. Because of the difficulty of gaining access to the child as a research subject, for the purpose of this thesis the focus was on secondary data available. This thesis is therefore a work of investigation, bringing research together from studies conducted in the United States of America, Canada, the United Kingdom and other European countries. The starting point was to gain knowledge of the cognitive development of a child. Using the work of Piaget as a basis and working with the developmental blind sports developed by Acuff and Reiher, vulnerabilities where identified for each of the developmental stages. Studies where then conducted into how the marketing industry targets each of those groupings and the products sold to them. In the end the products can be classified as: Inherently dangerous, safe and neutral. The classification of these products is an important aspect of the moral value of the companies selling them. It was necessary to look at the current legislation that is protecting the child and how the industry is finding their way around these. Finally, an ethical framework was designed that was used to look at the marketing industry's actions in each of the developmental phases and the products they sell. Because this thesis looks at the development of the child and the way that marketers target the child by focusing on the developmental blind spots, the feminine is also included when the masculine is used unless specifically stated that there is an important difference. In the end, it is clear that it is the ones who are in the daily "trenches" of homes everywhere who are under the most pressure. It is the parents and caretakers who are purposefully trying to design a healthy and enriching environment for their kids to grow up in who needs to be applauded. They are encouraging these children to have the courage to say no to the negative influences of materialism and irresponsible marketing. Although legislation does exist, it is in most cases not nearly strong enough to have a significant impact. In most cases the industry is left to regulate itself and the flow of money has the strongest pull. All over the world, parents are starting to form a united front against the irresponsible marketers and are forcing new laws and legislation to be implemented to help regulate the industry better. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer dit kom by die motivering vir mense om geld uit te gee op verbruiksgoedere, het Madison Avenue baie vertroue in die krag van 'n kermende kind. Die jong kind word al meer en meer geteiken deur die advertensie industrie. Meer en meer ondernemings gaan na kindersielkundiges toe om hulle te help om hul boodskap te verfyn. Sommige spesialiste in die ontwikkeling van die kind is baie bekommerd oor hierdie tendens. Soos wat bemarkers al meer na jonger markte neig, het die vraag begin ontstaan of hulle nie besig is om die jeug te beroof van hul onskuld nie. Sover dit die bemarkingsboodskap aangaan, is kinders baie naïef en kan hulle maklik gemanipuleer en uitgebuit word. Die algemene gevoel in die industrie is dat bemarkers hierdie kinders kan omskep in lewenslange kliënte deur gebruik te maak van handelsmerk lojalitiet. Skattings toon dat die kinders se gemiddelde spandering rofweg verdubbel het gedurende die 1960's 1970 en 1980's en amper verdriedubbel het in die 1990's (Zoll, 2000). Die vraag is nou, waarom is dit die geval? Waarmee is die groot maatskappye werklik besig wanneer hulle kinders werf om hul produkte op die speelgronde te bemark, of voorgee dat hulle vriende is op die sosiale netwerke, of kitskos herverpak asof dit gesond is en die lyne tussen realiteit en advertensie laat verdof. Bemaring wat kinders teiken kom amper orals voor - televisie, die internet, die speelgrond en selfs in die klas. Die plasing van produkte en ander innoverings maak die oordra van die boodskap baie meer subtiel. Dit alles is besig om 'n gekommersialiseerde kind te skep. Die debat oor die etiek van bemarking na kinders is nie 'n nuwe ontwikkeling nie. Oor die laaste drie dekades was daar reeds fundamentele vrae gevra oor die regverdigheid van bemarking na kinders toe. Die meeste van die vrae is steeds onbeantwoord. Soos wat verbruikers hulle regte oor die laaste paar jaar beter begin verstaan het, het dit die debat opnuut na die voorgrond gebring. Terwyl ouers tuis sukkel om grense te bepaal, werk die bemarkingsbestuurders net so hard daaraan om hierdie reëls te ondermyn met baie aantreklike en onweerstaanbare aanbiedings. Dit gee aanleiding tot die vraag vra of te veel bemarking kan aanleiding gee tot ongelukkige gesinne en of al hierdie produkte werklik sal lei tot 'n beter lewe. As gevolg van die beperkinge op die toegang tot kinders in navorsing, is daar vir die doel van die tesis gebruik gemaak van sekondêre data bronne. Die tesis is dus 'n ondersoek na bestaande navorsing gedoen in die Verenigde State van Amerika, Kanada, die Verenigde Koninkryke en ander Europese lande. Die begin punt van die studie was om kennis op te bou oor die kognitiewe ontwikkeling van 'n kind. Deur die werk van Piaget te gebruik en te werk met die ontwikkelingsblindekolle wat ontwikkel is deur Acuff en Reiher, is kwesbare areas geïdentifiseer vir elke stadium van die ontwikkelingsproses. 'n Studie is gedoen om te bepaal hoe die bemarkingsindustrie elk van hierdie groepe teiken en watter tipe produkte op elke vlak verkoop word. Die produkte is in drie kategorieë geklasifiseer: gevaarlik, veilig en neutraal. Die klassifikasie van die produkte is 'n belangrike aspek in die morele waarde van die onderneming wat dit verkoop. Dit was ook nodig om na die huidige wetgewing te kyk wat die kind beskerm en hoe die industrie rondom hierdie wette beweeg. Laastens is 'n etiese raamwerk opgestel waarteen die bemarkingsindustrie se aksies in elke ontwikkelingsfase gemeet word. Omdat hierdie tesis fokus op die kind en die wyse wat bemarkers die kind teiken deur te fokus op die ontwikkelingsblindekolle word die vroulik ingesluit elke keer waneer die manlike aanspreek vorm gebruik word, tensy daar spesifiek verwys na die feit dat daar 'n verskil is in die optrede. Op die uiteinde is dit duidelik dat die wat in die loopgrawe op die tuisfront is, is die wat onder die meeste druk verkeer. Dit is die ouers en die versorgers wat doelbewus probeer om 'n gesonde en verreikende omgewing te skep vir die kinders wat lof en waardeering verdien. Dit is hulle wat poog om die kinders te ondersteun en aan te moedig om nee te se vir die negatiewe invloede afkomstig van die materialistiese en onverantwoordelike bemarking. Alhoewel wetgewing wel bestaan, het dit in die meeste gevalle nie 'n sterk genoeg impak om die kind se belange te besterm nie. In die meeste gevalle is die industrie ook oorgelewer aan self-regulering en het die vloei van geld die sterkste aantrekking. Reg oor die wêreld is ouers besig om saam te staan teen die onverantwoordelike bemarkers en begin hulle druk uitoefen om die huidige wetgewing te verander en nuwe wette ingestel te kry om die industrie beter te reguleer.

This study examined parental perceptions of marketing to young children using a feminist post-structural theoretical framework to specifically examine the following questions, 1) To what extent are parents aware of the marketing tactics being directed toward young children? 2) How do power/knowledge relations and practices produce parent’s multiple subjectivities as they parent their children in regards to commercial culture? 3) How can early childhood educators adapt pedagogy and practice in order to meet the needs of children growing up within the context of a commercialized childhood? In-depth unstructured interviews revealed that parents within this study tend to view themselves as solely responsible for their children and do not support governmental regulation of the advertising industry. In most cases, the parents in the study empathized with marketers trying to sell their products to children. Furthermore, while participants in this study were concerned about how consumer culture influences children’s subjectivities, they were more concerned about “adult content” than corporate access to children. Many of the parental perceptions uncovered mirror neoliberal discourses including an emphasis on individual responsibility, the belief that government regulation is censorship and the privileging of economic rationale by systematically representing children as sources of profit. This study utilized Deleuzean and Foucauldian concepts in order to make visible the practices and discourses that discipline children and parents as consumers within the United States neoliberal assemblage(s). This analysis also revealed the very contradictions and complexities that are dramatically shaping parents and young children within the United States’ consumer cultural landscape(s).