The Brofenbrenner(1979) ecological theory was applied to examine the relationship between parent and child depressive mood and the moderation of relational quality at two levels; 1) parent-child (within family) and 2) family-social support (outside family) levels. It was hypothesized that both levels would buffer the predictive association of parent to child depressive mood. At the first level, the parent-child depressive mood association was qualified by an interaction with relatedness (categorized as inadequate and adequate) that approached a conventional level of significance, R2 = .023, F(1,101) = 2.77, p = .099. At the second level, the addition of social support as a moderator yielded a R2 =.028, F(1,101) = 3.11, p = .081. Exploratory analyses were performed to clarify each moderation. The findings suggest that relational quality within and outside the family have the potential to serve as protective factors in regards to depressive symptoms for children with asthma.

The Brofenbrenner(1979) ecological theory was applied to examine the relationship between parent and child depressive mood and the moderation of relational quality at two levels; 1) parent-child (within family) and 2) family-social support (outside family) levels. It was hypothesized that both levels would buffer the predictive association of parent to child depressive mood. At the first level, the parent-child depressive mood association was qualified by an interaction with relatedness (categorized as inadequate and adequate) that approached a conventional level of significance, R2 = .023, F(1,101) = 2.77, p = .099. At the second level, the addition of social support as a moderator yielded a R2 =.028, F(1,101) = 3.11, p = .081. Exploratory analyses were performed to clarify each moderation. The findings suggest that relational quality within and outside the family have the potential to serve as protective factors in regards to depressive symptoms for children with asthma.

The purpose of this study was to investigate symptoms of childhood depression as factors in elementary school age children's reading difficulties. Subjects for study included children who evidenced symptoms of depression from among those referred to the Pupil Appraisal Center (PAC) at North Texas State University for reading difficulties between October, 1983, and April, 1985. The Weinberg Affective Scale (WAS), a screening device for childhood depression, was used to identify the subjects for this study. Using document analysis as the research approach, the researcher examined, recorded, and categorized referral and evaluation statements made by parents, teachers, counselors, and reading specialists the subjects1 PAC files that described symptoms of childhood depression. Also analyzed were diagnostic test data from the evaluation reports of PAC counselors and reading specialists.

Children have not historically been the subject of research focusing on internalizing disorders (i.e., childhood depression), even though childhood depression continues to be viewed as one of the most prevalent affective problem within this population. Over the past two decades, a small portion of that literature describes prevention efforts in public schools. There has been a growing body of literature centered on childhood depression. However, there are only three studies that report on longitudinal findings that have taken a primary prevention approach. The present study was a follow-up investigation to delineate the effects of a school-based primary prevention program. The original study utilized a social/ interpersonal and cognitive-behavioral model incorporated into the health education curriculum of the school. The results of the study suggest that the students continued to report normal to low levels of depressive symptoms at one-year follow-up . The results also suggest that students maintained the social skills gained during the intervention at the one-year followup. In addition, reports of depressive symptomatology slightly declined from posttest to one-year follow-up.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lorena de Melo Mendonca Oliveira.pdf: 963293 bytes, checksum: f42977e9d37ec6e5017a5abdf5e6c001 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-24 / The present essay is organized in two sections, which main target is studying child depression in institutionalized children. The first section consists of a systematic bibliographic review to examine or analyze the scientific production, concerning the studies where assessments tools were used to evaluate child depression in the last ten years. To make it possible, a search in the following national and international database files was made (September 2003 to August 2013.): Virtual Library in Health- BVS Psi Scielo, Lilacs, Index Psi Magazines and Pepsic, using different combination among keywords. The results showed that the studies were in conducted various areas of knowledge, and that the predominant method of descriptive research with quantitative data analyzes. A total of twenty-eight articles were brought up. The results showed that the studies were in conducted various areas of knowledge, and that the predominant method of descriptive research with quantitative data analyzes. Considerable proportion of articles aimed to investgate the factors that cause childhood depression (N=10; 35,7%) and related to such pathology symptoms (N=7; 25%). Ten different instruments to analyze child depression were found. The Child Depression Inventory CDI was the instrument of major incidence (N=21; 75%) and presented good intern consistency with the selected studies. The second section is about an empiric article which aims at analyzing depressive symptoms in institutionalized sheltered children, compared to children living with their families. Fifty male and female children were part of this study aged between 7 and 11 years old. Twentythree of these children lived in institutions-shelter and twenty-seven lived with their families. To analyze children depressive symptoms, the following instruments or resources were used; CDI, CBCL and the Rorschach-SC. The results showed that institutionalized children reveal more depressive symptoms, present more emotional distress, have affective expression with no modulation, are immature and inopportune, they also have more aggressive behavior and present difficulty in following rules. Significant correlation between depressive symptoms and externalizing behavior was found (r = 0,43; p<0,05). In general, both sections of this dissertation bring up the importance of considering psychological aspects that influence in the appearing, the symptoms and investigation of child depression. / A presente dissertação está organizada em dois capítulos que têm como objetivo principal estudar sintomas depressivos em crianças institucionalizadas. O primeiro capítulo consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica sistematizada a fim de analisar a produção científica acerca dos estudos que fizeram uso de instrumentos de avaliação dos sintomas depressivos em crianças no Brasil, nos últimos dez anos (2004 2013). Para isso, foi realizada uma busca na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, na área específica de Psicologia (BVS-PSI), utilizando as seguintes bases de dados: Scielo, Lilacs, Index Psi Revistas e Pepsic, utilizando diferentes combinações entre palavras-chave. Foram levantados, no total, 28 artigos. Os resultados mostraram que os estudos foram realizados por diversas áreas do conhecimento e que predominou o método de pesquisa descritivo com análise quantitativa de dados. Considerável parte dos artigos teve como objetivo investigar os fatores que causam a depressão infantil (N=10, 35,7%) e sintomas relacionados a tal patologia (N=7; 25%). Foram encontrados 10 instrumentos diferentes que foram utilizados para avaliar sintomas depressivos em criança. O Inventário de Depressão infantil CDI foi o instrumento de maior incidência (N=21; 75%) e apresentou boa consistência interna nos estudos selecionados. O segundo capítulo trata-se de um artigo empírico que tem por objetivo analisar sintomas depressivos em crianças em situação de acolhimento institucional comparadas com crianças que vivem com suas famílias. Participaram deste estudo 50 crianças, do sexo masculino e feminino, com idades entre sete e onze anos, sendo que 23 crianças residiam em instituições e 27 crianças residiam com suas famílias. Foram utilizados para avaliar sintomas de depressão infantil os seguintes instrumentos: CDI, CBCL e o Rorschach SC. Os resultados revelaram que as crianças institucionalizadas apresentavam mais sintomas depressivos, desconforto emocional, expressões afetivas mais imaturas e sem modulação, mais comportamentos agressivos e dificuldade em seguir regras. Foi encontrada correlação significativa entre sintomas depressivos e comportamentos externalizantes (r = 0,43; p<0,05). De maneira geral, os dois capítulos da Dissertação realçam a importância de se considerar aspectos psicológicos que influenciam no surgimento, na sintomatologia e na investigação da depressão infantil.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dejenane Ap Pascoal Pereira.pdf: 988659 bytes, checksum: 80dc6010e262560ea396cfc6342a58ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-06 / The survey has complied with the validation and standardization of the Children Depression Evaluation Scale (Pereira & Amaral, 2004) in a sample of 626 children from 6 up to 12 years of age. It has been carried out the factorial analysis and the scale remained with 24 items in 4 factors: Depressed Mood, Social Relationship, Self-Esteem and Autonomic-Physiologic Response. The Cronbach Coefficient has shown good precision (alfa=0,82). Table in percentile and T score were elaborated for: type of school, sex, age, school grade, age range and school grade range. Statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis) have shown the necessity of specific standards for: type of school (p<0,001), sex (p<0,001) and public school x sex (p<0,001). In the analysis of the children who presented percentile above 75, the Qui-Square showed significant difference for: type of school (x?=11,30 GL=1; p<0,001), sex (x?=9,79; GL=1; p=0,002) and public school x sex (x?=11,13; GL=1; p<0,001). The Children Depression Evaluation Scale has proven to be valid and trustworthy for the use in the Brazilian population, being of great value for mental health research, prevention and treatment. / A pesquisa cumpriu a valida??o e normatiza??o da Escala de Avalia??o de Depress?o para Crian?as (Pereira & Amaral, 2004) em amostra de 626 crian?as de 6 a 12 anos. Foi realizada a an?lise fatorial e a escala permaneceu com 24 itens em 4 fatores: Humor Deprimido; Relacionamento Social; Auto-Estima e Resposta Fisiol?gico-Auton?mica. O Coeficiente de Cronbach mostrou boa precis?o (alfa=0,82). Tabelas em percentil e escore T foram elaboradas para: tipo de escola, sexo, idade, s?rie escolar, faixas-et?rias e faixas de s?ries escolares. An?lises estat?sticas (Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis) mostraram a necessidade de normas espec?ficas para: tipo de escola (p<0,001), sexo (p<0,001) e escola p?blica x sexo (p<0,001). Na an?lise das crian?as que apresentaram percentil acima de 75, o Qui-Quadrado mostrou diferen?a significativa para: tipo de escola (x?=11,30 GL=1; p<0,001), sexo (x?=9,79; GL=1; p=0,002) e escola p?blica x sexo (x?=11,13; GL=1; p<0,001). A Escala de Avalia??o de Depress?o para Crian?as mostra ser v?lida e fidedigna para uso na popula??o brasileira, sendo de grande valor para pesquisa, preven??o e tratamento da sa?de mental.

Early onset depression is associated with high recurrence rates later in life. Recurrent depressive episodes during childhood may be particularly problematic, if additional episodes have a scarring effect that hinders healthy development. Distinguishing between first onsets and recurrences has been useful in understanding adult depression. This distinction has seldom been examined in pediatric depression, in part because it is difficult to enroll adequate samples of children with recurrent depression. We conducted archival analyses of carefully-diagnosed pediatric probands with depression first onset between ages of 4 and 12. Probands who reported one depressive episode (N = 435) were compared with probands who reported two depression episodes (N = 115) on clinical (treatment, comorbidities), psychosocial (negative life events (NLEs), parental psychopathology) and emotion regulation measures. Based on previous findings in older adolescents and adults, we hypothesized that probands with two MDEs will have higher comorbidity, parental psychopathology, more NLEs, and higher maladaptive emotion regulation scale scores than probands with one MDE. Surprisingly, probands with one and two MDEs were indistinguishable on psychological and pharmacological treatment variables. As expected, probands with two MDEs had lower age of first onset, higher maladaptive emotion regulation scores, higher rates of comorbid anxiety and reported more NLEs than probands with one MDE. Probands with two MDEs also spent a longer total time in episode; group differences remained after controlling for time spent depressed. Distinguishing between first onsets and recurrences is meaningful in pediatric depression.