Text in Afrikaans / The primary aim of this investigation was to compile guidelines to improve the concentration techniques of primary school sport participants. In order to achieve this goal, a theoretical as well as an empirical investigation were conducted. During the literature study, different aspects of concentration were analyzed and the role of the primary school coach was highlighted in each instance. The literature study indicated that the primary school sport participants’ sport experience would benefit, if the primary sport participants would use concentration techniques during their sport participation. During the empirical study (in which 61 primary school sport participants participated), it was indicated that • Most of the primary school sport participants had very little exposure to concentration techniques. • Self talk, as a concentration technique, was used by most of the participants. The Here-and-Now concentration technique was the least used concentration technique by the participants. The literature study as well as the empirical study indicated that there are guidelines that primary school participants can use in order to better their concentration techniques. / Die primêre doel van hierdie ondersoek was om riglyne saam te stel wat laerskoolsportbeoefenaars kan help om beter te konsentreer gedurende hulle sportdeelname. Ten einde hierdie doel te bereik, isʼn teoretiese sowel as ʼn empiriese ondersoek uitgevoer. Tydens die teoretiese ondersoek is verskillende aspekte van konsentrasie ontleed, waarin die rol van die laerskoolafrigter telkens toegelig is. Die teoretiese ondersoek het aangetoon dat die laerskoolsportbeoefenaars se sportbelewenis daarby sou baat indien die laerskoolsportbeoefenaars konsentrasietegnieke gedurende hulle sportdeelname sou gebruik. Volgens die empiriese ondersoek (waaraan 61 proefpersone deelgeneem het) is aangetoon dat: • Die meerderheid laerskoolsportbeoefenaars baie min bloot gestel word aan konsentrasietegnieke. • Selfspraak, as konsentrasietegniek, was die meeste gebruik, terwyl die Hier-en- Nou konsentrasietegniek die minste gebruik is deur die proefpersone. Die teoretiese sowel as die empiriese ondersoek het aangetoon dat daar wel riglyne is wat gevolg kan word om die laerskoolsportbeoefenaars te help om hulle konsentrasietegnieke te verbeter. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Voorligting)

Esta Dissertação de Mestrado consiste num estudo qualitativo, de natureza clínicointerpretativa, realizado a partir de uma posição hermenêutica de investigação, cujo objetivo geral foi analisar a demanda de crianças que desenvolvem tendências antissociais no seu processo de estruturação psíquica. Para tanto, de forma mais específica, foi discutido o papel da estrutura familiar, as especificidades dos diferentes tipos de manifestação da tendência e a função de instituições no processo de intervenção junto a crianças que praticam atos antissociais. A metodologia adotada foi o procedimento de desenhos-estória, composto de cinco sessões de produção de desenho livre, contação de estória, inquérito e atribuição de título, realizado por sete crianças com idades entre seis e onze anos, todas apresentando estrutura familiar preservada, sem vivência de rua e assistidas pelo Centro de Desenvolvimento Integral da Amizade (CDI), obra social sem fins lucrativos, situada no bairro de Santo Amaro, em Recife-PE. O material produzido por duas das crianças participantes, levando-se em consideração também a história de vida delas, foi analisado a partir de teorizações de Donald Woods Winnicott, psicanalista inglês, acerca da tendência antissocial, temática central deste estudo. Trata-se da ocorrência de uma perda significativa, uma deprivação vivenciada pela criança, que teve algo de positivo e proveitoso em sua experiência prévia com o ambiente, inicialmente representado pela mãe. Devido a uma falha superior ao tempo em que a memória da experiência satisfatória pôde ser mantida, a criança experimenta um sentimento de decepção e passa a cobrar do ambiente o que este lhe deve, querendo reaver, inconscientemente, a mãe suficientemente boa que um dia tivera. A análise realizada evidenciou a existência de uma demanda de amor, um desejo inconsciente de mudança por parte das crianças investigadas, que desestruturam o ambiente em que vivem com vias a reverter aquilo que lhes falta. Levando-se em conta tratar-se de crianças provenientes de família desassistidas, mais que desestruturadas, que vivem em uma comunidade de condições precárias, aponta-se a instituição como via de possibilidade de restituição das condições anteriormente vividas por essas crianças, (re)construindo a moldura que lhes daria sustentação para seguirem seu percurso de amadurecimento em direção à realização do desenvolvimento saudável / This Master Paper consists in a qualitative study with a clinical-interpretative nature, developed from an hermeneutic position of investigation, whose main propose was analyze the antissocial children request. In a specific way, was discussed the family structure paper, the different manifestation kinds of the antissocial tendency and the function of institutions in the interventional process with the children that practice this acts. The method adopted was the paint-history procedure, made by five sections of free painting production, telling history, inquiry and title attribution, done by seven kids between the ages six to eleven years old, all of them showing a conserved family structure, with no street living and assisted by the Centro Integral da Amizade (CDI), social work with no lucrative ends, located in the neighborhood of Santo Amaro, in Recife-PE. The material produced by two kids, considering also their life histories, were analyzed from Donald Woods Winnicotts theorizations about antissocial tendency, main theme of this study. It talks about a significant loosing, a deprivation suffered by the child, that had some positive living in the previous experience with the environment, initially represented by the mother. With a fault bigger than the child memory could support, the kid tries a deception feeling and charge the environment what it duties him, trying to refund, unconsciously, the mother good enough that a day he had. The analyze done shown that exist a loving ask, an unconscious changing desire by the children investigated, which dismantle the environment where they live trying to modify its hostility. Considering that the children studied come from unassisted families, more than unstructured, who live in a precarious community, we suggest the institution as a possibility of restoring the conditions before lived by those children, (re)building the frame which gave them the sustentation to follow their maturity process in the direction to the healthy development

South Africa currently has one of the highest levels of crime in the world. The high prevalence of violence in South African culture has led to the increased exposure to violence of individuals of all ages. The South African Police Service annual report for 2008/2009 reported 48 732 crimes ranging from murder, attempted murder to sexual offences and common assault against children under the age of 18 years. In addition, young people between the ages from 12 to 22 are generally victimized at twice the adult rate and even higher for violent crimes. It is the belief of various theorists that exposure to violence can alter one’s cognitive, affective, and behavioral processes- the three core components that are essential to moral development. The role that exposure to violence has on the development of aggressive behavior has been thoroughly researched; however the implications that this exposure has on the moral development of adolescents remains vague. This study explored and described the relationship between exposure to violence and moral development amongst adolescent learners. A quantitative exploratory descriptive research design was employed and the participants were selected by means of non-probability, convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 53 participants at a coeducational high school in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The demographic data of the participants was gathered through the administration of a biographical questionnaire. The participants’ exposure to violence was explored by using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire- South African Adaptation (HTQ-SAA), while their moral development was assessed by means of the Moral Judgment Test (MJT). The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and both the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Chi square test was computed to draw inferences regarding the relationship between exposure to violence and moral development. The results of the study revealed that all of the participants were exposed to violence directly or indirectly on one or more occasion; however the frequency with which the participants were exposed to violence was lower than expected. The results of the MJT further indicated very low to low moral judgement competence scores for the majority of the sample. No significant correlation or association was found between the two constructs.

There is very little information in the literature on mothers without custody of their children. In an attempt to partially remedy this situation an exploratory study, based on in-depth interviews with mothers who voluntarily chose to live apart from their children, was conducted. The aim was to identify the factors facilitating and hindering adjustment for these women. Using a sample of 17 women who volunteered for the study, the critical incident technique was employed to gather data from the participants. The collected incidents were then grouped into categories and descriptive statements were formulated about each one. There were 212 critical incidents collected from the 17 participants. These incidents were grouped into 3 main categories and 15 sub-categories. The categories provide a concise and easily understood description of the facilitating and hindering factors affecting adjustment for non-custodial mothers. The reliability of the placement of items into the appropriate categories was tested by using four independent raters, using percentage of agreement as an index of reliability. Recommendations for supportive services and programs needed by, these women are offered. Therefore, the findings are useful for planning and implementing future programs for non-custodial mothers. As well, guidelines are presented for individual, family, and divorce mediation counsellors who find themselves working with this group of women. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate

M.A. / According to the Report on Marriage and Divorce (Department of Internal Affairs 1981: report no. 07/02/15), 17 065 cases of divorce were recorded among the white population of South Africa in the above mentioned year. A total of 22 167 minor children were involved. Statistics therefore indicate that many children today find themselves in broken homes, where the full responsibility of child rearing rests on single parents. Single parents who, because of internal and external factors are not always fully capable of accepting and answering to this responsibility. Problems are usually vaguely associated with single parent families. This study was intended to clarify the specific educational problems of the single parent family. With the aid of six socio-pedagogic categories a deeper perspective into the single parent situation was gained. The research covered a theoretical study of the relevant literature and the formulation of a number of criteria to evaluate the quality of educative support rendered to the toddler in the home, as primary educational situation. From these criteria a structured questionnaire was formulated, by means of which the views of 21 single parent mothers residing in Alberton, Boksburg and Germiston were ascertained ...

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_sarah_camello.pdf: 2835787 bytes, checksum: 586fa92d839fc10dc96d71d39dc2fd3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-01 / This Master Paper consists in a qualitative study with a clinical-interpretative nature, developed from an hermeneutic position of investigation, whose main propose was analyze the antissocial children request. In a specific way, was discussed the family structure paper, the different manifestation kinds of the antissocial tendency and the function of institutions in the interventional process with the children that practice this acts. The method adopted was the paint-history procedure, made by five sections of free painting production, telling history, inquiry and title attribution, done by seven kids between the ages six to eleven years old, all of them showing a conserved family structure, with no street living and assisted by the Centro Integral da Amizade (CDI), social work with no lucrative ends, located in the neighborhood of Santo Amaro, in Recife-PE. The material produced by two kids, considering also their life histories, were analyzed from Donald Woods Winnicott s theorizations about antissocial tendency, main theme of this study. It talks about a significant loosing, a deprivation suffered by the child, that had some positive living in the previous experience with the environment, initially represented by the mother. With a fault bigger than the child memory could support, the kid tries a deception feeling and charge the environment what it duties him, trying to refund, unconsciously, the mother good enough that a day he had. The analyze done shown that exist a loving ask, an unconscious changing desire by the children investigated, which dismantle the environment where they live trying to modify its hostility. Considering that the children studied come from unassisted families, more than unstructured, who live in a precarious community, we suggest the institution as a possibility of restoring the conditions before lived by those children, (re)building the frame which gave them the sustentation to follow their maturity process in the direction to the healthy development / Esta Dissertação de Mestrado consiste num estudo qualitativo, de natureza clínicointerpretativa, realizado a partir de uma posição hermenêutica de investigação, cujo objetivo geral foi analisar a demanda de crianças que desenvolvem tendências antissociais no seu processo de estruturação psíquica. Para tanto, de forma mais específica, foi discutido o papel da estrutura familiar, as especificidades dos diferentes tipos de manifestação da tendência e a função de instituições no processo de intervenção junto a crianças que praticam atos antissociais. A metodologia adotada foi o procedimento de desenhos-estória, composto de cinco sessões de produção de desenho livre, contação de estória, inquérito e atribuição de título, realizado por sete crianças com idades entre seis e onze anos, todas apresentando estrutura familiar preservada, sem vivência de rua e assistidas pelo Centro de Desenvolvimento Integral da Amizade (CDI), obra social sem fins lucrativos, situada no bairro de Santo Amaro, em Recife-PE. O material produzido por duas das crianças participantes, levando-se em consideração também a história de vida delas, foi analisado a partir de teorizações de Donald Woods Winnicott, psicanalista inglês, acerca da tendência antissocial, temática central deste estudo. Trata-se da ocorrência de uma perda significativa, uma deprivação vivenciada pela criança, que teve algo de positivo e proveitoso em sua experiência prévia com o ambiente, inicialmente representado pela mãe. Devido a uma falha superior ao tempo em que a memória da experiência satisfatória pôde ser mantida, a criança experimenta um sentimento de decepção e passa a cobrar do ambiente o que este lhe deve, querendo reaver, inconscientemente, a mãe suficientemente boa que um dia tivera. A análise realizada evidenciou a existência de uma demanda de amor, um desejo inconsciente de mudança por parte das crianças investigadas, que desestruturam o ambiente em que vivem com vias a reverter aquilo que lhes falta. Levando-se em conta tratar-se de crianças provenientes de família desassistidas, mais que desestruturadas, que vivem em uma comunidade de condições precárias, aponta-se a instituição como via de possibilidade de restituição das condições anteriormente vividas por essas crianças, (re)construindo a moldura que lhes daria sustentação para seguirem seu percurso de amadurecimento em direção à realização do desenvolvimento saudável

This is a study of some of the families in the Loma Linda University Medical Center infant heart transplant program.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common perinatal mental health disorder (CPMD) extensively linked to poor child health outcomes, including increased risk of illness, stunting and underweight. Rates of PPD and child malnutrition are consistently elevated in Sub-Saharan Africa compared to other regions of the world. This includes Northern Uganda, a region devastated by armed conflict and enduring poverty. While the link between PPD and adverse child health outcomes is firmly established, the mechanisms underlying this association remain poorly understood.The current study addresses this gap in the literature through investigating in a sample of Ugandan mothers of children 0 to 23 months how maternal behaviors promoting child health differ in the presence or absence of probable depression. This study also explores how perceived social support and women’s empowerment may moderate the relationship between PPD and mothers’ engagement in these health-promoting behaviors. The study is based on cross-sectional, baseline data collected for a project sponsored by Food for the Hungry Uganda, an international relief and development organization, and in partnership with the Global Mental Health Lab at Teachers College, Columbia University and World Vision International. The study’s sample included 1028 probably depressed and 284 nondepressed Ugandan mothers with at least one child under 24 months of age at the time of interviewing. The study’s findings yielded evidence to support the reliability and validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support for this sample. While as expected, probable depression was positively associated with child underweight, recent child illness, delayed care seeking for sick children and unsafe disposal of child feces, positive associations were also found between depression and important health-promoting behaviors, for which there is little evidence in the extant literature, including provision of the same amount or more food to a sick child, knowledge of danger signs of childhood illness, and some WASH behaviors. Perceived social support and women’s empowerment indicators were also found to moderate the association between probable depression and some IMCI, IYCF and WASH behaviors. Study limitations, clinical implications and recommendations for further research are discussed.

The present study assessed the relationship between the paternal use of food in a contingency manner and the physical status of the respective son. The prevalence of childhood obesity has been documented to be significant in this country (Mayer, 1968; Collipp, 1975; Forbes, 1975; Hafen, 1981). The etiology of the increasing percentages of obese children is based upon a variety of variables. Parental influence on children's eating habits and socioeconomic variables, which influence parents, appeared to be possible factors in the development of childhood obesity. / Master of Science

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