The thesis is focused on a problematic of social environment and culture in a context of forming relation between children and a school. It occupies by socialization, social environment and culture of some social and ethnic groups. Inspected groups are Vietnam ethnicity, Gipsy ethnicity and social environment in a Children´s Home. Intention is describe where and how the social environment and culture can influence the relation between school and education.

Intestinal microbiota is involved in metabolic processes and the pathophysiology of various gastrointestinal disorders. We aimed to characterize the microbiome of the appendix in acute pediatric appendicitis comparing extraluminal and intraluminal samples. Between January and June 2015, 29 children (3–17 years, mean age 10.7±3.4 years, sex M:F=2.6:1) undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis were prospectively included in the study. Samples for bacterial cultures (n=29) and 16S ribosomal desoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) sequencing (randomly chosen n=16/29) were taken intracorporeally from the appendiceal surface before preparation (“extraluminal”) and from the appendiceal lumen after removal (“intraluminal”). The degree of inflammation was histologically classified into catarrhal, phlegmonous, and gangrenous appendicitis. Seventeen bacterial species were cultivated in 28 of 29 intraluminal samples and 4 species were cultivated in 2 of 29 extraluminal samples. Using 16S rDNA sequencing, 267 species were detected in intraluminal but none in extraluminal samples. Abundance and diversity of detected species differed significantly between histological groups of acute appendicitis in bacterial cultures (P=.001), but not after 16S rDNA sequencing. The appendiceal microbiome showed a high diversity in acute pediatric appendicitis. The intraluminal microbial composition differed significantly depending on the degree of inflammation. As bacteria were rarely found extraluminally by culture and not at all by sequencing, the inflammation in acute appendicitis may start inside the appendix and spread transmurally.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-05-16T14:01:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elaine Suane Florencio dos Santos.pdf: 2874691 bytes, checksum: b642bbfca45f07a6e6c21699ab6eef5a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-16T14:01:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elaine Suane Florencio dos Santos.pdf: 2874691 bytes, checksum: b642bbfca45f07a6e6c21699ab6eef5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / The research was conducted from the perspective of new social studies on childhood which consider the children as social actors and childhood as a social category. The study’s objective was to understand how children organized play in their children's cultures within the space-time of the Early Childhood Education in the countryside and how they deal with power relations, gender, conflicts and friendship. The analysis addressed the games, individual or shared, which allow the children to experience feelings, emotions, conflicts and friendships; and the recognition of oneself and the other in their social relations. An ethnographic method for logging information was adopted which followed the play routines of two groups of children aged 4 and 5 from a municipal center of Early Childhood Education in Caruaru. The observations were recorded in videos and field notes made by the researcher. The children´s culture grammar was used to interpret the logs which allowed an analysis of the games in the semantic, syntactic, and morphological dimensions in four axes: interactivity, ludicity, reality fantasy and reiteration. The three elements present in children's cultures were also considered: embellishment, contextualization and fitting. As a conclusion, it emphasizes the recognition of specificities of the children's cultures and the need of studies which give visibility to child protagonism, especially in the case of countryside children. / A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir da perspectiva dos novos estudos sociais da infância que consideram as crianças como atores sociais e a infância como categoria social. O objetivo do estudo foi compreender como as crianças organizam o brincar em suas culturas infantis no tempo-espaço da Educação Infantil no campo e como lidam com as relações de poder, gênero, conflitos e amizades. A análise se voltou para as brincadeiras, compreendidas como ações compartilhadas ou individuais, que possibilitam às crianças vivenciarem sentimentos, emoções, conflitos e amizades e o reconhecimento de si e do outro nas suas relações sociais. Foi adotado um método de registro das informações de cunho etnográfico que acompanhou as rotinas de brincadeiras de dois grupos de crianças de 4 e 5 anos de um Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil, situado em Caruaru. As observações foram registradas em vídeos e em notas de campo realizadas pela pesquisadora. Para a interpretação dos registros foi utilizada a gramática das culturas infantis que permitiu a análise das brincadeiras nas dimensões semântica, sintática e morfológica, em quatro eixos: interatividade, ludicidade, fantasia do real e reinteração. Foram considerados também os três elementos presentes nas culturas infantis: embelezamento, contextualização e enquadre. Como conclusão, ressalta-se o reconhecimento das especificidades que envolvem as culturas infantis e a necessidade de estudos que deem visibilidade ao protagonismo infantil, especialmente em se tratando das crianças do campo.

Barbora Neuwirthová ABSTRACT Thesis "Childrens' life with and within media" explores and describes ways in which children handle digital media and how this media influence their lives. It aims to describe in ethnographic manner how children live their puberty with and within media. Main research was done through school ethnography, collected data were analyzed using systemic approach and interpretive socialization model. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 13 young people between 11 and 15 years old. Secondary source for research was in- school participant observation and analysis of respondent media products. Data analysis used open coding for creating codes and categories which were used in later analysis. Result of my research is thick description of childrens' life with and within media, which shows, that media are both tool and factor in children behavior and actions. Digital media create environment, in which children live in their own different, individual, ways, influenced by their personality or hobbies. Media usage manifest itself also in development and quality of peer and parent-child relationships. KEYWORDS Children' culture; role of media in children' lives; media and formal education; quaternary media; adolescence; qualitative approach; school ethnography; systemic...