Orientador: Célio Hiratuka / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T05:54:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Modolo_DeboraBellucci_M.pdf: 2149399 bytes, checksum: 224b8cccd56c0548865934ac13ede844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A ascensão da China como potência econômica e sua presença crescente nos mercados mundiais têm sido motivo de grande atenção no debate internacional. Em especial, o aumento da competitividade chinesa no comércio internacional e a acentuada expansão de suas exportações de manufaturados levantam preocupações a respeito das exportações chinesas estarem substituindo exportações de outros países nos mercados importadores. Nesse sentido, este estudo busca verificar se ao longo dos últimos anos, de 2000 a 2009, a competição das exportações chinesas tem deslocado as exportações mundiais em terceiros mercados, dialogando com outros estudos no tema. A contribuição deste trabalho consiste em fornecer uma análise geral da concorrência chinesa em terceiros mercados, que contemple diferentes regiões do globo de maneira comparativa, além de diferentes segmentos tecnológicos, por meio da utilização do modelo gravitacional. Este estudo também permite distinguir o impacto da competição chinesa sobre as exportações brasileiras de manufaturados, o que se mostra relevante em virtude de o país ser considerado o mais industrializado da América Latina. Assim, a partir das estimações do modelo foi possível identificar grupos de países e categorias de produtos mais afetados pela concorrência chinesa. As evidências encontradas apontam que o efeito das exportações chinesas sobre as exportações mundiais é predominantemente negativo. Destaca-se o setor de manufaturados de média tecnologia como o segmento mais afetado pela competição chinesa. Os resultados também indicam que as economias em desenvolvimento experimentam o maior efeito negativo da concorrência chinesa, principalmente os países asiáticos emergentes. No caso do Brasil, os resultados mostram que o impacto negativo da competição chinesa sobre as exportações de manufaturados se mostra tão intenso quanto para os países asiáticos emergentes / Abstract: The emergence of China as a major player in the global economy and its growing presence in world markets have attracted much attention in international debate. In particular, the increasing competitiveness of China in international trade and the extraordinary expansion of its manufactured exports, raise concerns about Chinese competition in third markets. Accordingly, this study seeks to examine if over the last years, from 2000 to 2009, Chinese exports have been displacing exports of other countries in importing markets, considering other studies in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Chinese competition in third markets considering different regions of the world and different technological sectors in a comparative approach, using the gravity model. This study also identifies the impact of Chinese competition on Brazilian exports of manufactured goods, which appears relevant because the country is considered the most industrialized in Latin America. Thus, the estimates of the model allowed to recognize groups of exporting countries and product categories most affected by Chinese competition. The evidences from this study indicate that the effect of Chinese exports on global exports is mainly negative. The medium-technology manufacturing sector was pointed out as the most affected sector by Chinese exports. The results also indicate that developing economies have been most affected, especially the emerging Asian countries. In the case of Brazil, the results suggest that the negative impact of Chinese competition on manufactured goods exports is as intense as to emerging Asian countries / Mestrado / Ciências Economicas / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

Background: With the appearance of the fourth industrial revolution a lot of industries had to change and adapt to computer integrated manufacturing, the ‘Internet of things’, cloud computing, machine to machine communication, additive manufacturing and ‘big data’. Overall, this industrial transformation is driven by digitalization. The Swedish dental laboratory industry is of special interest for our research due to the lack of adaption to the new technological changes, decreasing market share in Sweden and the threats from cheap Chinese production. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to understand the current situation the Swedish small and medium sized dental laboratories are facing because of the threats from the Chinese competition. Therefore, we analyze the Swedish dental laboratory industry and map the situation. Moreover, we show what the laboratories are currently doing to defend their market position in a highly competitive environment. Method: The data was gathered from semi structured and open interviews of dental technicians, dentists and industry experts. This empirical data was analyzed in an abductive thematic approach. Additionally, this theory driven approach combines the research question and the propositions with the empirical findings to create a precise research report. Conclusion: Up to recently, China was a big threat for the domestic dental laboratories but this threat is decreasing nowadays. Due to the demand of high quality products with precise services, dentists require a close collaboration with the dental laboratories. In order to survive as an SME in the Swedish dental industry, collaborating in networks among local competitors can help to lift investments for new equipment in the transforming environment. With state of the art technology and shared competences Swedish dental laboratories can sustain their competitive advantage in global competition.

This thesis presents the Chinese and European competition laws on abuse of dominant position. The thesis starts with an introduction, and goes on to present the purpose of the study, which is to determine the similarities and differences between the Chinese and European prohibitions on ADP.       After the introductory part, consisting of background, method, material and previos research, the respective prohibitions are described in different aspects. The aspects are namely system, purpose, scope of application, what constitutes dominance and what constitutes abuse. Thereafter, the two prohibitions are compared. In the comparison, similarities are presented such as similar purposes, similar scope of application, very similar in what constitutes a dominant position and abuse. The systematics however differ more, and so do the rules on extraterritorial application.      In the concluding remarks, the results of the thesis are highlighted and the author shortly analyses the results..

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In my thesis, I will entertain the issue of a travel agency, which will target Chinese tourists. Travel agency will be called Golden Dragon and will be offering two products - classic tour and vaccation where consumers will be able to choose everything from the menu. The thesis will first focus on the theoretical basis on how to prepare a business plan and then I will apply the theory to design a travel agency. Then I will analyze the market of tourism from China leading shopping behavior of Chinese tourists, trends in the industry and the provinces which leaves most tourists abroad. I will also address the competition of Czech travel agencies, but mainly large Chinese tour operators, who in the Czech Republic carries 90% of travelers. The aim is to evaluate the success of the project agency for Chinese tourists, especially after reading the financial plan shows that the project is viable. Expected project success is also due to the fact that we speak directly to Chinese tourists through partner in China, so we have higher margin on each trip than the competition, which has a long distribution chain. We also offer a unique product to individual tourists, the tourism sector, which is growing a year by tens of percent and to promote our services and products we use very popular Chinese social networks.