The purposes of this study were (1) to determine if 4th grade students improve in computation efficiency being taught Chisanbop; (2) to determine if 4th grade students show an increase in application skill efficiency being taught Chisanbop; (3) to determine if 4th grade students show an increase in concept skill efficiency being taught Chisanbop; (4) to determine if 4th grade students show an increase in problem solving skill efficiency being taught Chisanbop; and (5) to determine if 4th grade students show an increase in composite skill efficiency being taught Chisanbop. The conclusions drawn from the findings of this study were that Chisanbop instruction assisted students in the experimental group in scoring significantly higher than students in the control group in application skill efficiency, concept skill efficiency, problem solving skill efficiency, and composite skill efficiency. Other indications are that Chisanbop instruction did not significantly affect students in the experimental group in regard to computational skills. In regard to the composite skills of the students in the upper one-third and the lower one-third of the experimental group, there were no statistically significant differences from their counterparts in the control group. In light of these findings, it is recommended that school districts utilize Chisanbop as a supplement to their regular mathematics program at the 4th grade level. It is also recommended that additional studies be conducted at the 4th grade level for extended periods of time to determine any delayed dimension of Chisanbop.

The problem of this study was to determine if the mathematics achievement of selected second and third grade students is significantly improved by having had instruction in the Chisanbop technique. The purposes of this study were as follows: 1. To determine if the Chisanbop technique, when used in conjunction with a regular program of instruction, can significantly improve the mathematics performance of selected second and third grade students. 2. To determine if instruction by the Chisanbop technique is more effective with above average academic, average academic, or below average academic second and third grade students in improving mathematics performance. 3. To extend the body of knowledge with regard to the teaching of mathematics at the elementary school level.

I denna litteraturstudie var syftet att undersöka hur användning av fingrar kan skapa möjligheter och/ eller begränsningar för elever i deras matematiska utveckling, främst i aritmetik. Studien tog utgångspunkt i vilka strategier elever använder vid användning av fingrar som hjälpmedel, där fokus låg på finger gnosis, fingerräkning, chisanbop och fingertal.  Vid insamling av data användes databaserna ERIC och UniSearch samt manuell sökning. Resultaten av insamlad data visade att användning av fingrar som hjälpmedel i matematiken kan innebära både begräsningar och möjligheter för elevernas matematiska utveckling i de tidiga skolåren. Resultaten visade också att fingrarna är mindre effektivt som hjälpmedel för elever i högre årskurser.