• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 26
  • 11
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 55
  • 11
  • 10
  • 10
  • 9
  • 8
  • 7
  • 7
  • 7
  • 7
  • 7
  • 7
  • 7
  • 7
  • 7
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

The spatial ecology and resource selection of juvenile Lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) in their primary nursery areas /

Franks, Bryan Robert. Spotila, James R., Gruber, Samuel. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Drexel University, 2007. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-202).
12

The pit organs of sharks and rays structure, distribution, evolution and roles in behaviour /

Peach, Meredith Belinda. January 2001 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, 2002. / Includes published paper co-authored by Peach. Bibliography: leaves 172-195. Also available in print form.
13

Über placoidschuppen in der mund- u. rachen-höhle der plagiostomen ...

Steinhard, Otto. January 1902 (has links)
Inaug.-diss.--Bern. / "Literatur-verzeichnis": p. 5-[7].
14

Systematic, stratigraphic, geographic and paleoecological distribution of the late cretaceous shark genus ptychodus within the Western Interior Seaway /

Hamm, Shawn A., January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas at Dallas, 2008. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 417-434)
15

The taxonomy, biogeography and biology of cow and frilled sharks (Chondrichthyes : Hexanchiformes)

Ebert, David A January 1990 (has links)
This study was undertaken to investigate the taxonomy, biogeography and biology of cow and frilled sharks (Chondrichthyes: Hexanchiformes). This taxon comprises two families, four genera and six extant species. The hexanchoids are a distinctive group of sharks characterized by six or seven paired gill openings, a single dorsal fin and an anal fin. Adult males of this group lack a siphon sac, but have in its place a clasper sac. This structure, which develops along the claspers, is unique to the Hexanchiformes. Hexanchoid sharks are widely distributed in area and depth. This group ranges from coastal bays and harbors along the open coast out across the continental shelf and down along the slopes to considerable depths. They occur from the equatorial zone to sub-polar regions. However, little is known about the ecology and life history of these sharks. Intraspecific variation of meristic counts were generally low for the Hexanchidae, but high for the Chlamydoselachidae, indicating that subpopulations, subspecies or even additional, new species exist within this family. Based on the indicators used in this study, maturity in male frilled sharks was attained at 916 mm TL, perlon sharks between 700 and 800 mm TL, sixgill sharks approximately 3140 mm TL, bigeyed sixgill sharks at about 1250 mm TL and sevengill sharks at approximately 1550 mm TL. Male reproductive success did not appear to be seasonal since males were found to contain viable sperm all year round. Female perlon sharks begin maturing between 950 mm and 1100 mm TL. Gravid females and newborns were absent from the other size classes and it is suspected that they aggregate in different locations to those of adult males and non-breeding females. Adult females are known at 4210 mm TL and immature at 3500 mm TL, However, a more accurate estimate of the size at maturity is wanting. Newborn sixgills were caught off southern Namibia during mid to late summer over three successive seasons. The occurrence of gravid females carrying term embryos during spring months and newborns during the summer months suggests a late spring or summer pupping period. Sixgill and sevengill sharks give birth in areas of high primary productivity. Energetically, this is advantageous for the newborns to be placed in an area with an abundant food source. The rapid growth rates of sixgill and sevengill sharks over the first year would enhance their survivorship since neither species has many predators. The number of female sevengills entering the breeding population is regulated to ensure that some portion of the population is reproductively active at any one time. The "staggering" of females which enter into the breeding population in any given year indicates a two year reproductive cycle. Fecundity estimates for 19 specimens with a largest egg diameter of at least 40 mm indicates a litter size of 67 to 104. The recapture of an adult female sevengill in approximately the same location in which it was tagged suggests that the same individual sharks may return to the same breeding grounds. As with any predators, sharks tend to exploit advantages over their prey. The hexanchoids, especially the sevengill, have evolved complex foraging strategies including social facilitation whereby they actively hunt in packs for large prey species. Sharks of the order Hexanchiformes, although lacking the diversity of the major shark orders, nonetheless play an integral role in the marine environment. The group's success can be attributed to their apical trophic position. In most habitats in which they occur, hexanchoids have no comparable competitors since equivalent sized sympatric squaloids and carcharhinoids feed at a lower trophic level.
16

Filogenia dos principais grupos de Chondrichthyes baseada na anatomia comparada do esqueleto das nadadeiras pares e suas cinturas / Phylogeny of the major groups of Chondrichthyes based on the comparative anatomy of the skeleton of the paired fins and girdles

Silva, João Paulo Capretz Batista da 18 December 2014 (has links)
Os peixes da classe Chondrichthyes correspondem a um grupo antigo e bem sucedido que tem demonstrado modificações significantes na estrutura esquelética das nadadeiras pares desde o Paleozóico até o presente. Uma análise anatômica criteriosa baseada no esqueleto apendicular de Chondrichthyes foi realizada e levantou novos caracteres esqueléticos com significado filogenético. A estrutura esquelética das nadadeiras é uma ferramenta complementar e importante para a resolução de questões filogenéticas ainda debatidas dentro da classe, como por exemplo, a questão da monofilia dos tubarões e o posicionamento filogenético das raias. No presente estudo 154 espécies foram analisadas visando expor detalhes da organização das cartilagens radiais, basais, e a morfologia das cinturas peitoral e pélvica. Além disso, duas análises filogenéticas foram realizadas baseadas em 105 caracteres propostos a partir dos padrões esqueléticos das nadadeiras pares observados e de informações da literatura. Algumas relações previamente exploradas em trabalhos morfológicos e moleculares prévios foram recuperadas, como a monofilia de muitas ordens de elasmobrânquios, a relação de grupos irmãos entre os Heterodontiformes e Orectolobiformes, a relação de grupos irmãos entre Zanobatus e os Myliobatiformes, além de um maior suporte ao clado recentemente proposto, Rhinopristiformes. Contudo o grupo Hypnosqualea não foi recuperado no presente estudo, ainda que os tubarões tenham sido resolvidos como parafileticos e apresentando uma nova relação de grupos irmãos com os Batoidea. Adicionalmente, novos caracteres relacionados ao esqueleto apendicular foram propostos para os Holocephali, e estes devem ser testados como potenciais sinapomorfias em analises filogenéticas futuras / Fishes of the class Chondrichthyes correspond to an ancient and well-succeeded group that has demonstrated significant modifications in the skeletal structures of the paired fins from the Paleozoic to the present day. A thorough anatomical analysis based on the appendicular skeleton of Chondrichthyes was realized and raised new skeletal characters with phylogenetic implications. The skeletal structure of paired fins is a complementary tool in the resolution of still debated phylogenetic questions within the class, such as the controversy involving the monophyly of sharks and the phylogenetic positioning of rays. In the present study, 154 taxa were analyzed exposing details of the morphology and arrangement of radials, basals and pectoral and pelvic girdles. In addition, two phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on 105 characters proposed from the observed skeletal patterns of paired fins and data from the literature. Some previous relationships explored in morphological and molecular studies were recovered herein, such as the monophyly of several orders of elasmobranchs, the sister-group relationship between Heterodontiformes and Orectolobiformes, the sister group relationship between Zanobatus and Myliobatiformes, besides a greater support to the recently proposed clade Rhinopristiformes. However, the hypnosqualean group was not recovered in the present study, although the sharks were resolved as paraphyletic and presenting a new sister group relationship with the batoids. Additionally, new characters related to the appendicular skeleton were suggested as derived for the Holocephali, but they must be tested as potential synapomorphies in future phylogenetic analysis
17

Comparative anatomy and phylogenetic importance of the branchial musculature in sharks of the superorder Galeomorphi (Chondrichthyes:Elasmobranchi) / Anatomia comparada e importância filogenética da musculatura branquial em tubarões da superordem Galeomorphi (Chondrichthyes:Elasmobranchi

Oliveira, Lucas Romero de 28 February 2018 (has links)
The present work consists of an anatomical comparison of the branchial musculature of galeomorph groups in order to search for evidence that could indicate possible phylogenetically relevant patterns, especially related to the Heterodontiformes and other families within the orders of Galeomorphi. Previous studies based on other muscle complexes have contributed with information that helped to address thoses questions (Datavo & Vari, 2014; Soares & Carvalho, 2013a,b). Nine branchial muscles of 44 species among all galeomorph orders, 13 species from two of the five recognized squalomorph shark orders (Squaliformes and Hexanchiformes) and one batoidean were observed, totalizing 57 species. The results indicate a highly conserved anatomy on this anatomical complex, possibly indicating a conservative generalized condition at both chondrichthyan and gnathostomes level. The most informative muscles in this context were the m. trapezius, the m. adductores arcuum branchialium, the m. coracobranchiales, especially the portion associated with the last branchial arch, and the m. arcuales dorsalis. The other five muscles have little to no variation among different groups. The analysis of the muscular patterns indicates that lamniforms and carcharhiniforms are sister-groups and Orectolobiforms and Heterodontiforems are sister-groups, supported by the m. trapezius having a single ramus and absence of the insertion onto the epibranchial only in Orectolobiformes and Heterodontformes, as well as the fifth m. coracobranchialis has its fibers oriented forward, when opposed to two rami in the m. trapezius in all other orders and fibers of the fifth m. coracobranchialis either upwards or obliquely organized. Regarding carcharhiniform and lamniform relatioships, the muscles that provide evidence are the presence of a second ramus on the fifth m. coracobranchialis, with a single ramus in all other orders, the crescent shape of the m. adductores arcuum branchialium, with triangular shape in other groups, and the presence of a raphe between the antimeres of the m. constrictores branchiales superficiales, which are triangular outside this group. Also, it was found support for the division of shark groups between Galeomorphi and Squalomorphi with the presence of a posterior ramus on the m. arcuales dorsalis in squalomorph sharks / O presente trabalho consiste em uma comparação anatômica da musculatura branquial em Galeomorphi visando determinar se há possíveis padrões que indiquem proximidades filogenéticas, especialmente relacionados com a ordem Heterodontiformes e outras famílias de ordens dentro de Galeomorphi. A análise de musculatura já se provou de grande ajuda para identificar estas questões. Foram observados nove músculos em 44 espécies de todas as ordens Galeomorphi, 13 espécies em duas das cinco ordens de tubarões Squalomorphi (Squaliformes e Hexanchiformes) e um exemplar de Batoidea, totalizando 57 espécies. Os resultados indicam que este complexo anatômico é extremamente conservado e generalizado. Os músculos mais informativos neste contexto foram m. trapezius, m. adductores arcuum branchialium, m. coracobranchiales, em especial o músculo associado ao último arco, e m. arcuales dorsales. Outros músculos apresentam variações em poucos ou nenhum grupo. A análise dos padrões das musculaturas indica que Lamniformes é grupo-irmão de Carcharhiniformes e Orectolobiformes é grupo-irmão de Heterodontiformes, indicando este relacionamento próximo entre Orectolobiformes e Heterodontiformes a morfologia do m. trapezius, mais maciço e sem divisões, características restritas a ambas as ordens, e as fibras do quinto m. coracobranchialis são direcionadas para a frente, enquanto que se dirigem para cima ou obliquamente em outros grupos. Indicam um relacionamento entre Carcharhinformes e Lamniformes a presença de dois ramos no quinto m. coracobranchialis, a forma de meia lua do m. adductores arcuum branchialium e a presença de uma rafe entre os antímeros do m. constrictores branchiales superficiales, todas características restritas a representantes dessas ordens. Também foi encontrado suporte para a divisão de tubarões em Galeomorphi e Squalomorphi. Esta divisão é indicada principalmente pela presença do ramo posterior do m. arcuales dorsales em tubarões do grupo Squalomorphi
18

Paleontologia de vertebrados da transição entre os Grupos Tubarão e Passa Dois (Neopaleozóico) no centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo / Paleontology of vertebrates from the transition between the Tubarão and Passa Dois Groups (Neopaleozoic) in the central-eastern São Paulo State

Artur Chahud 26 June 2007 (has links)
O centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo expõe boa parte da seção neopaleozóica da Bacia do Paraná, com sedimentos do Grupo Tubarão (Subgrupo Itararé e Formação Tatuí) e o Grupo Passa Dois (formações Irati e Corumbataí). Na região entre Leme e Capivari e na região do Domo de Pitanga, entre Piracicaba e Ipeúna, a transição entre as formações Tatuí e Irati é caracterizada comumente por arenitos relativamente grossos e mal selecionados (arenitos com grânulos, arenitos conglomeráticos e conglomerados), abundantemente fossilíferos em contato abrupto com os folhelhos síltico-argilosos da Formação Irati. O presente trabalho concentrou-se no estudo de paleovertebrados paleozóicos aplicado à interpretação paleontológica, sedimentológica e estratigráfica da transição entre os grupos Tubarão e Passa Dois. O conteúdo fóssil identificado compreende escamas, dentes e partes ósseas de vários tipos de peixes, de água doce e salgada, e de possíveis tetrápodes. Os Chondrichthyes são representados por duas variedades de dentes cladodontes; vários tipos de dentes do Xenacanthiformes ?Pleuracanthus? albuquerquei Silva Santos, 1946; dentes de Orodontiformes; dentes de duas espécies de Petalodontiformes, a primeira, e mais comum, Itapyrodus punctatus Silva Santos, 1990 e a segunda, representada por um único exemplar, uma espécie indeterminada. O material ainda inclui um espinho de nadadeira dorsal de Ctenacanthiformes adulto e uma possível escama placóide. A fauna de Osteichthyes é a mais abundante, sendo composta de dentes e escamas ganóides de Paleonisciformes e escamas cosmóides de Actinistia. São observados grandes dentes labirintodontes (provenientes de tetrápodes primitivos e/ou? peixes Rhipidistia) e partes ósseas atribuídas a peixes e/ou possíveis anfíbios. Os fósseis estão normalmente dispersos e desarticulados e os elementos ósseos fragmentados e desgastados. Mesmo assim, foram encontrados dentes de animais continentais - labirintodontes e Xenacanthiformes, com diferentes tipos de preservação, o que indicaria uma influência fluvial. A mistura de elementos marinhos, como Petalodontes, e continentais sugere um caráter marinho costeiro com forte influência continental para a transição entre as unidades. Os estudos tafonômicos sugerem que a camada de estudo é um depósito residual, resultado direto do retrabalhamento por ondas. Portanto, a transição Tatuí - Irati faz parte da evolução deposicional da Formação Irati. Sugere-se que ela seja reconhecida como uma fácies basal local, de grande importância paleontológica e estratigráfica no centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo. / A good part of the Neopaleozoic section of the Paraná basin is well-exposed in central-east Sao Paulo, Brazil, represented by sedimentary rocks of the Tubarão Group (Itararé Subgroup and Tatuí Formation) and the Passa Dois Group (Irati and Corumbataí formations). Between Leme and Capivari and in the area of the Pitanga Dome, between Piracicaba and Ipeúna, the transition between the Tatuí and Irati formations commonly is characterized by abundantly fossiliferous, poorly sorted, relatively coarse sandstones (sandstones with granules, conglomeratic sandstones and conglomerate) in abrupt contact with silty shale of the Irati Formation. The present work concentrated on the study of Palaeozoic palaeovertebrates and their significance for paleontological, sedimentological and stratigraphical interpretations of the transition between the Tubarão and Passa Dois groups. The identified fossil content consists of scales, teeth and bony parts from several types of fish, from fresh and salt water, as well as from possible tetrapods. Chondrichthyes are represented by two varieties of cladodont teeth; several types of teeth of the xenacanth ?Pleuracanthus? albuquerquei Silva Santos, 1946; teeth of Orodontiformes; teeth of two species of Petalodontiformes, the first, and more common, Itapyrodus punctatus Silva Santos, 1990, and the other, represented by a single specimen, an unidentified species. The material also includes a fin spine of an adult Ctenacanthiformes and a possible placoid scale. The fauna of Osteichthyes is more abundant, being composed of teeth and ganoid scales of Paleonisciformes and cosmoid scales of Actinistia. Also observed are large labyrinthodont teeth (from primitive tetrapods and/or rhipidistid fish) and bony parts attributed to fish and/or possible amphibians. The fossils are usually disarticulated and dispersed and the bony elements fragmented and abraded. Even so, teeth of continental animals - labyrinthodonts and Xenacanthiformes, were found with different types of preservation, which is indicative of a fluvial influence. The mixture of marine elements, like petalodonts, and continental elements suggests a nearshore character with a strong continental influence for the transition between the units. Taphonomic studies suggest that the studied layer is a residual (lag) deposit that resulted directly from reworking by waves. Thus, the Tatuí - Irati transition is part of the depositional evolution of the early Irati Formation. It is therefore suggested that the transition be recognized as a local basal facies of this formation of great paleontological and stratigraphical importance in the central-eastern part of the state of Sao Paulo.
19

Paleontologia de vertebrados da transição entre os Grupos Tubarão e Passa Dois (Neopaleozóico) no centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo / Paleontology of vertebrates from the transition between the Tubarão and Passa Dois Groups (Neopaleozoic) in the central-eastern São Paulo State

Chahud, Artur 26 June 2007 (has links)
O centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo expõe boa parte da seção neopaleozóica da Bacia do Paraná, com sedimentos do Grupo Tubarão (Subgrupo Itararé e Formação Tatuí) e o Grupo Passa Dois (formações Irati e Corumbataí). Na região entre Leme e Capivari e na região do Domo de Pitanga, entre Piracicaba e Ipeúna, a transição entre as formações Tatuí e Irati é caracterizada comumente por arenitos relativamente grossos e mal selecionados (arenitos com grânulos, arenitos conglomeráticos e conglomerados), abundantemente fossilíferos em contato abrupto com os folhelhos síltico-argilosos da Formação Irati. O presente trabalho concentrou-se no estudo de paleovertebrados paleozóicos aplicado à interpretação paleontológica, sedimentológica e estratigráfica da transição entre os grupos Tubarão e Passa Dois. O conteúdo fóssil identificado compreende escamas, dentes e partes ósseas de vários tipos de peixes, de água doce e salgada, e de possíveis tetrápodes. Os Chondrichthyes são representados por duas variedades de dentes cladodontes; vários tipos de dentes do Xenacanthiformes ?Pleuracanthus? albuquerquei Silva Santos, 1946; dentes de Orodontiformes; dentes de duas espécies de Petalodontiformes, a primeira, e mais comum, Itapyrodus punctatus Silva Santos, 1990 e a segunda, representada por um único exemplar, uma espécie indeterminada. O material ainda inclui um espinho de nadadeira dorsal de Ctenacanthiformes adulto e uma possível escama placóide. A fauna de Osteichthyes é a mais abundante, sendo composta de dentes e escamas ganóides de Paleonisciformes e escamas cosmóides de Actinistia. São observados grandes dentes labirintodontes (provenientes de tetrápodes primitivos e/ou? peixes Rhipidistia) e partes ósseas atribuídas a peixes e/ou possíveis anfíbios. Os fósseis estão normalmente dispersos e desarticulados e os elementos ósseos fragmentados e desgastados. Mesmo assim, foram encontrados dentes de animais continentais - labirintodontes e Xenacanthiformes, com diferentes tipos de preservação, o que indicaria uma influência fluvial. A mistura de elementos marinhos, como Petalodontes, e continentais sugere um caráter marinho costeiro com forte influência continental para a transição entre as unidades. Os estudos tafonômicos sugerem que a camada de estudo é um depósito residual, resultado direto do retrabalhamento por ondas. Portanto, a transição Tatuí - Irati faz parte da evolução deposicional da Formação Irati. Sugere-se que ela seja reconhecida como uma fácies basal local, de grande importância paleontológica e estratigráfica no centro-leste do Estado de São Paulo. / A good part of the Neopaleozoic section of the Paraná basin is well-exposed in central-east Sao Paulo, Brazil, represented by sedimentary rocks of the Tubarão Group (Itararé Subgroup and Tatuí Formation) and the Passa Dois Group (Irati and Corumbataí formations). Between Leme and Capivari and in the area of the Pitanga Dome, between Piracicaba and Ipeúna, the transition between the Tatuí and Irati formations commonly is characterized by abundantly fossiliferous, poorly sorted, relatively coarse sandstones (sandstones with granules, conglomeratic sandstones and conglomerate) in abrupt contact with silty shale of the Irati Formation. The present work concentrated on the study of Palaeozoic palaeovertebrates and their significance for paleontological, sedimentological and stratigraphical interpretations of the transition between the Tubarão and Passa Dois groups. The identified fossil content consists of scales, teeth and bony parts from several types of fish, from fresh and salt water, as well as from possible tetrapods. Chondrichthyes are represented by two varieties of cladodont teeth; several types of teeth of the xenacanth ?Pleuracanthus? albuquerquei Silva Santos, 1946; teeth of Orodontiformes; teeth of two species of Petalodontiformes, the first, and more common, Itapyrodus punctatus Silva Santos, 1990, and the other, represented by a single specimen, an unidentified species. The material also includes a fin spine of an adult Ctenacanthiformes and a possible placoid scale. The fauna of Osteichthyes is more abundant, being composed of teeth and ganoid scales of Paleonisciformes and cosmoid scales of Actinistia. Also observed are large labyrinthodont teeth (from primitive tetrapods and/or rhipidistid fish) and bony parts attributed to fish and/or possible amphibians. The fossils are usually disarticulated and dispersed and the bony elements fragmented and abraded. Even so, teeth of continental animals - labyrinthodonts and Xenacanthiformes, were found with different types of preservation, which is indicative of a fluvial influence. The mixture of marine elements, like petalodonts, and continental elements suggests a nearshore character with a strong continental influence for the transition between the units. Taphonomic studies suggest that the studied layer is a residual (lag) deposit that resulted directly from reworking by waves. Thus, the Tatuí - Irati transition is part of the depositional evolution of the early Irati Formation. It is therefore suggested that the transition be recognized as a local basal facies of this formation of great paleontological and stratigraphical importance in the central-eastern part of the state of Sao Paulo.
20

Miologia comparada dos arcos maxilar e hioide em Chondrichthyes e sua relevância nas hipóteses filogenéticas das espécies viventes / Comparative myology of the mandibular and hyoid arches in Chondrichthyes and its relevance for phylogenetic hypotheses of living species

Mateus Costa Soares 08 December 2011 (has links)
A classe Chondrichthyes compreende cerca de 1100 espécies divididas em duas subordens, Holocephali (quimeras) e Elasmobranchii (tubarões e raias). O monofiletismo da classe é sustentado pela calcificação prismática do esqueleto, presença de clásper pélvico, substituição periódica das fileiras dentárias. Porém, as interrelações em Elasmobranchii não estão claras. Duas hipóteses estão em discussão atualmente. A primeira delas, baseada em dados morfológicos, apresenta dois grandes grupos de tubarões, Galeomorphii e Squalomorphii, sendo que as raias (Batoidea) aparecem como espécies derivadas no segundo grupo. A segunda hipótese, baseada em dados moleculares, sugere que Galeomorphii e Squalomorphii forme um clado monofilético e que seja grupo-irmão de Batoidea. Portanto, a dúvida sobre o monofiletismo dos tubarões ainda persiste. Para tentar elucidar esta questão, este trabalho abordou a anatomia comparada dos músculos dos arcos maxilar e hióide de 98 espécies, pertencentes a 37 famílias, de tubarões, raias e quimeras. A musculatura de todas as espécies foi descrita, servindo de base para comparações entre as famílias. No total 35 caracteres são propostos, a partir de informações revisadas da bibliografia e das muitas observações, e devem ser testados em uma matriz de dados já existente. Os caracteres foram discutidos de acordo com questões filogenéticas dentro da subclasse Elasmobranchii, abordando problemas como a relação entre Orectolobiformes e Heterodontiformes, a relação entre Chlamydoselachus e Hexanchidae, o monofiletismo em Squaliformes, as discussões sobre o grupo Hypnosqualea e as relações entre Potamotrygonidae e as demais raias / The class Chondrichthyes comprises about 1110 species in two subclasses, Holocephali (chimaeras) and Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays). The monophyly of this class is supported by prismatic calcification of the skeleton, presence of pelvic claspers, substitution of teeth in dental rows. However, interrelationships within Elasmobranchii are not clear, with two principal hypotheses discussed. The first one, based on morphological data, presents two groups of sharks, Galeomorphii and Squalomorphii, and rays (Batoidea) are considered to have derived within the second group. The second hypotheses, based on molecular data, suggest Galeomorphii and Squalomorphii as a monophyletic clade, sister-group to Batoidea. Therefore, the question about the monophyly of sharks persists. To try to elucidate this issue, the present work examined the comparative anatomy of muscles of jaws and hyoid arches of 97 species, belonging to 37 families of sharks, rays and chimaeras. The musculature of all species was described, serving as a basis for comparisons among the families. A summary of 35 myological characters are proposed, based on information acquired from the literature and on personal observations, and should be tested in the context of a character matrix analyzed in a phylogenetic parsimony analysis. The characters described were discussed addressing the main phylogenetic questions within the subclass Elasmobranchii, regarding, for example, the relationship between Heterodontiformes and Orectolobiformes, the relationship between Chlamydoselachus and Hexanchidae, the monophyly of Squaliformes, the monophyly of Hypnosqualea, and the intrarelationships of potamotrygonid stingrays

Page generated in 0.0459 seconds