<p> A sequence of metasedimentary rocks comprising the Prince Albert Group, within and to the southwest of the Ellice Hills, District of Keewatin, N.W.T., was studied. Petrographic examination of the four major facies present -- quartzites, greywacke-paragneisses, metaultrabasics and iron formation was carried out and geochemical whole rock data was obtained using X.R.F. methods. </p> <p> Metamorphism occurred during the Hudsonian orogeny and came in three distinct pulses. These pulses are evident in thin section. The first pulse is characterized by the fonnation of garnet poikiloblasts and a biotite foliation; the second by a stronger biotite and hornblende foliation accompanied by quartz and muscovite porphyroblasts, and the third pulse is characterized by the growth of fibrolite needles. The last pulse of metamorphism shows that fibrolite and orthoclase formed from the dehydration of muscovite in the presence of quartz. Thus, a pressure and temperature regime for this event can be inferred from published experimental studies. These indicate that PM2O ranged from 2.0 to 3.5 Kbars and that temperature ranged from 640° ± l0°C to 670° ± l0°C. Previous pulses may have had higher pressure ranges but certainly lower temperature ranges prevailed. The present metamorphic grade of the Prince Albert Group displays mineral assemblages indicative of the Sillimanite-orthoclase-almandine Subfacies of the Almandineamphibolite Facies as defined by Winkler (1967). </p> <p> Structural deformation is closely associated with metamorphism. At least three periods of deformation have occurred. The first is evident in thin section by the s1 foliation and parallel trains of sialic material in garnet poikiloblasts. The second period of deformation caused the rotation of the above garnets, plus formation of the F2 isoclinal folds, s2 biotite foliation, crenulation of the s1 foliation and the formation of muscovite-quartz porphyroblasts. The third period of deformation is responsible for the F3 folding, warping of the F2 axial trace and the antisotropic growth of fibrolite.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

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This thesis discusses the life of Winston Churchill. It explores his adventures and political reform prior to 1913.

The purpose of this thesis research was to examine the dynamic relationship between climate change and tourism, with a direct focus on Churchill, Manitoba’s polar bear viewing industry. This unique tourism industry and the polar bears it depends on, are experiencing the negative effects of climate change due to warmer temperatures and melting sea ice, which significantly impacts the health, appearance, and prevalence of polar bears on display for tourists. Not only is this tourism industry affected by climate change, it also contributes to the ongoing changes of climatic conditions. This is due to the dependence of fossil fuel energy used for transportation, accommodation, and activities which directly contributes to the release of greenhouse gas emissions and thus to global climate change. Emissions from tourism has increased by 3% over the last 10 years, largely as a result of the accessibility and affordability of air travel, the most energy intensive form of transportation (Lenzen et al., 2018; UNWTO-UNEP-WMO, 2008). It has been suggested that in response to the increase in the demand to travel, the tourism industry should take a leadership role to reduce their total greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to decrease the impact of climate change. In this study, a visitor survey was conducted during four weeks of Churchill’s 2018 polar bear viewing season (October 16 to November 16). The aim of the survey was to: 1) estimate greenhouse gas emissions from polar bear viewing tourists and the polar bear viewing industry; 2) identify tourists’ awareness of the impacts of climate change (to and from tourism activities); 3) understand tourist’s climate-related travel motivations, and 4) identify tourists’ opinions on climate change mitigation strategies. Visitor surveys were hand- distributed at the Churchill Northern Studies Centre and at the Churchill Airport to tourists who had participated on a polar bear viewing tour. Surveys were analyzed and compared with the results from similar studies (Dawson et al., 2010 and Groulx, 2015) to identify the changing trends in greenhouse gas emissions, travel motivations, tourists’ knowledge of climate change, and acceptance of climate change mitigation strategies. Similar to trends observed 10 years ago, emissions from polar bear viewing tourists are 3-34 times higher than the average global tourist experience. Tourists’ awareness about climate change has stayed relatively consistent, despite the topic of climate change having received increased attention globally. Tourists recognize that climate change is happening and that it is human induced however, there is still a lack of understanding of how air travel is a contributor to climatic change. Although briefly mentioned in some participant’s responses, the main motivation was not to see a polar bear before it disappeared from the wild. The majority of tourists identified they were traveling to Churchill simply for the opportunity to see a polar bear. Additional motivators were photography, the Northern Lights, and for the opportunity to see other Arctic animals. The climate change mitigation strategies that tourists believed to be the most effective to reduce emissions were educational programs and transportation alternatives (such as taking the train- which was not an option at the time of study due to a rail line shutdown). This research contributes to the existing knowledge about tourism and climate change and provides a current analysis of Churchill’s polar bear viewing industry, enabling a comparison between findings from another study conducted over ten years ago. This research also makes conclusions about climate change mitigation strategies that might be effective for Churchill’s tourism industry to reduce their impact on the environment.

No description available.

The intent of this practicum is to improve pedestrian access in and around Churchill. Challenges and causes for rational fear in the landscape were identified and paths and mechanisms were designed to mitigate these concerns. The purpose is to make the landscape a more welcoming place that can be enjoyed and celebrated by a wider range of users.

Recent discoveries of kimberlites in North America have revealed that different processes are involved in the generation of kimberlite magma. A multi-disciplinary approach combining mineralogical, petrological, geochemical, and geochronological methods is used to classify the kimberlites, investigate possible sources of magma and evaluate current tectonic models proposed for the generation of kimberlite magma. The two main study areas are 1) the diamond-poor Churchill kimberlite field (Nunavut); and 2) the highly diamondiferous Lac de Gras kimberlite field (NWT). The Attawapiskat kimberlite field, the Kirkland Lake kimberlite field and the Timiskaming kimberlite field (Ontario) are also included in this study. The 55-56 Ma Diavik kimberlite cluster (NWT) have been classified as resedimented volcaniclastic > olivine-bearing volcaniclastic > mud-bearing volcaniclastic > macrocrystic oxide-bearing hypabyssal kimberlite > calcite oxide hypabyssal kimberlite > tuffisitic kimberlite breccia. Geochemical features of Diavik kimberlites include: 1) LREE enrichment, 2) large intra-field range in REE content, and 3) highly diamondiferous kimberlites at Diavik with primitive geochemical signatures. The Churchill kimberlites are classified as sparsely macrocrystic, oxide-rich calcite evolved hypabyssal kimberlite and macrocrystic oxide-rich monticellite phlogopite hypabyssal kimberlite. Electron microprobe analyses of olivine, phlogopite, spinel and perovskite support this petrographical classification. Twenty-seven precise U-Pb perovskite and Rb-Sr phlogopite emplacement ages indicate that magmatism spans ~45 million years (225-170 Ma). The crystallization ages and the Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of groundmass perovskite from a well-established, SE-trending Triassic-Jurassic corridor of kimberlite magmatism in Eastern North America (ENA) were determined to investigate the origin of this magmatism. The Sr isotopic results indicate that the Churchill (0.7032-0.7036) and Attawapiskat kimberlites (0.7049-0.7042) have unique isotopic compositions, while Kirkland Lake/Timiskaming perovskite have a larger range of 87Sr/86Sr ratios. This implies the derivation of kimberlite magma from two distinct sources in the mantle, a depleted MORB mantle source and a kimberlite magma with a Bulk Silicate Earth signature. The pattern of increasing 87Sr/86Srinitial with younging of kimberlite magmatism along the ~2000 km corridor of continuous Triassic/Jurassic magmatism could be explained from either a single or multiple hotspot track(s), responsible for the addition of heat required to generate small volume mantle melting of a kimberlite source.

Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 1980.

Frankfurt (Main), Univ., Diss., 2009

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri, 1971. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [709]-726).