This thesis focuses on 'carnivals of transition', as it examines cinematic representations in relation to socio-political and cultural reforms, including globalization, from 1960 to 2000, in Cuban and Russian films. The comparative approach adopted in this study analyses films with similar aesthetics, paying particular attention to the historical periods and the directors chosen, namely Leonid Gaidai, Tomas Gutierrez. Alea, El'dar Riazanov , Juan Carlos Tabio, Iurii Mamin, Daniel Diaz Torres and Fernando Perez. This thesis maintains that most of the selected Cuban films are carnivalesque comedies comparable to films made during the same period in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia. This thesis further argues that the carnivalesque became a strategic mode for socio-political subversion in these two countries. Informed by textual, contextual and intertextual examinations of selected films, this thesis establishes that the carnivalesque in both countries has been characterized by an eclectic mixture of genres, ranging from light farcical comedies to black, surreal comedies and satires, thus making this mode instrumental for the representation of competing socio-political. cultural, and intercultural trends. By investigating the evolution. from bright camivalesque film comedies to dark grotesque humour in Cuba and Soviet and post-Soviet Russia, this thesis provides new insights on black humour and on the importance of intercultural dialogue for the formation of new local and global cultural trends. This thesis will also consider how shifting social attitudes prompted the appearance of new genres, such as critical utopia and dystopian critique, The thesis concludes by asserting that as well as serving as a fertile strategy for mutual cultural illumination, the carnivalesque mode is also the cinematic mode that best captures the constant process of renewal in all areas of social life.

This thesis reconsiders the work of art filmmakers in the People’s Republic of China between 1989 and 2001. These dates bookend the decade of the 1990s, comprising two defining moments in the reform era: the Tiananmen Square political crisis in 1989, and the entry of China into the WTO and the global market economy in 2001. The 1990s is therefore approached in this research as a transitional decade, in which the future direction of China was being decided. The term ‘art film’ is used to identify a distinct mode of film practice, characterised by a peripheral position, a clear directorial voice, and an emphasis on aesthetics. This rubric therefore incorporates films made by a range of auteur directors, rather than solely the ‘independent’ or ‘underground’ works commonly assessed in studies of the decade. By examining the representational modes used by art filmmakers in the 1990s, filmic innovations can be seen to constitute an artistic response to the restrictions placed on representation by the State. This thesis argues that historical reassessment was a key factor in the innovation of cinematic representation in the 1990s. Utilising a cultural history approach, the thesis engages in close textual analysis of seventeen films, identifying and contextualising the representational conventions drawn on by filmmakers. The thesis is structured around five thematic chapters, each dealing with a cluster of films focused on similar content. The first chapter examines filmic reassessments of China’s socialist history, and concludes that the limitations of the official narrative provided opportunities for the assertion of alternative histories. The subsequent chapters develop on the concept of historical reassessment by looking at changing modes of cinematic representation in relation to rural populations, women and gender, urban regeneration, and youth culture. By engaging in a wide-ranging survey of how key themes were represented in art films in the 1990s, the thesis reveals the critical role which historical reassessment played in pushing directors to new levels of artistry and experimentation in their filmmaking. This thesis concludes that by questioning the cinematic forms used historically to represent these issues and social groups, Chinese art filmmakers achieved a new level of artistic independence in their work by the end of the decade.

Orientador: Marcius Cesar Soares Freire / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T01:35:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MartinRojo_Sara_M.pdf: 1267423 bytes, checksum: 4f139dd6a0d384ab2af2c56a24a42cc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O cinema de Haneke é um cinema de hiper-realismo; de atmosfera; que fala e responde; que traz em imagens a complexidade que caracteriza nosso questionado mundo. Este trabalho tem como foco a análise da obra do diretor austríaco Michael Haneke, através de uma revisão dos recursos estéticos e manifestações discursivas mais relevantes em seus filmes, definidos como marcas autorais. Em um primeiro momento, foi necessário realizar uma contextualização da obra como parte de um momento histórico concreto, demonstrando sua total vinculação com o pensamento modernista surgido na década dos anos 1970. Posteriormente, realizou-se uma pequena revisão biográfica do autor, ressaltando sua relação direta com o universo teatral e com a proposta estético-ideológica do dramaturgo alemão Bertolt Brecht, a qual se distingue como absolutamente dominante no pensamento do diretor. E, finalmente, realizou-se uma análise detalhada dos elementos formais mais significativos presentes nesta obra como parte da intencionalidade do diretor. Os pontos centrais com os quais trabalha esta pesquisa, que por sua vez são definidos pela herança de Brecht, são: em primeiro lugar, a ativação da consciência do espectador mediante uma reflexão sobre as imagens representadas; em segundo, a mise en scène do diretor graças à qual tal ativação acontece. Espectador e cena são, portanto, os pilares deste estudo. Para conformar o corpus do presente trabalho foram selecionados os filmes de Haneke ambientados em um momento presente, contemporâneo, para após a análise dos aspetos formais encontrados, aproximar uma critica que fala diretamente sobre o nosso mundo. Os filmes escolhidos nesta pesquisa foram os seguintes: O Sétimo Continente (1989); O Vídeo de Benny (1992); 71 Fragmentos de uma Cronologia do Acaso (1994); Violência Gratuita (1997); Código Desconhecido (2000); A Professora de Piano (2001); Caché (2005) / Abstract: Haneke's cinema is a cinema of hyper-realism, atmospheric, which speaks and answers. It translates into images the complexity that characterizes our challenged world. This work focuses on analyzing the work of Austrian director Michael Haneke through a review of the most important aesthetic resources and discursive manifestations in his films, defined as copyrighted brands. Firstly, it was necessary to contextualize the work as part of a specific historical moment, demonstrating its total link with the modernist thought emerged in the mid-70s. This is followed by a short review of the author's biography, emphasizing its his direct relationship with the theatrical universe and with the aesthetic-ideological proposal by the German playwright Bertolt Brecht, which distinguishes itself as absolutely dominant in the doctrinal thinking of the director. Finally, we carried out a detailed analysis of the most significant formal elements present in this work as part of the director's intent. The main topics addressed by this research, which in turn are defined by Brecht's legacy, are: the activation of the viewer's consciousness through a reflection of the facts represented, as a first topic, which originates through the productions created by the director, as a second topic. The spectator and the scene are therefore the pillars of this research. The aim of this study is to identify some ideas about the aesthetic design emanating from this filmography, understood as a byproduct of the renewing contemporary aesthetic thought. As part of the body of this research, Haneke's films set in a present and contemporary moment were selected in order to conclude in a critique that speaks directly about our world, after having reviewed the formal aspects found. The movies chosen for this research were the following: The Seventh Continent (1989), Benny's Video (1992), 71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance (1994), Funny Games (1997), Code Unknown (2000), The Piano Teacher (2001) and Caché (2005) / Mestrado / Multimeios / Mestra em Multimeios

Orientador: José Alves de Freitas Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T03:34:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juz_BrenodeSouza_M.pdf: 1163692 bytes, checksum: 6c0b8fbf38ea1c317a16fc9a53be04d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: No final dos anos 1990 e início do século XXI, o cinema argentino viveu uma vigorosa retomada na produção nacional com o surgimento de novos realizadores, conquistando diversos prêmios em festivais e ampla repercussão internacional. Este cinema atraiu o interesse da crítica e do público devido a uma série de fatores, entre os quais cabe destacar uma exemplar e instigante renovação da linguagem. A isso se soma a viabilização de produção independente calcada no baixo orçamento. A retomada da produção vivida pelo cinema argentino na virada de século XXI foi simultânea à crise social, econômica e institucional ocorrida a partir de dezembro de 2001. Este fato potencializou as significações do nuevo cine argentino devido à capacidade de diálogo que certas obras apresentaram em relação ao momento histórico vivido pelo país. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, a partir de obras referenciais, as representações da Argentina no cinema argentino contemporâneo, investigando quais as estruturas narrativas e estilos cinematográficos foram utilizados na construção dessas obras e da crise por elas representadas. Busca-se também perceber os sujeitos, tramas, relações com os espaços e instituições escolhidos no constructo da Argentina contemporânea e sua crise. Com isso, é possível analisar a historicidade dessa cinematografia, e os desdobramentos implicados nas representações construídas pela escrita cinematográfica / Abstract: In the late 1990s and early twenty-first century, the Argentine cinema has experienced a vigorous recovery in its national production in which there was the emergence of new filmmakers who won several awards at festivals and got a wide world repercussions and notoriety. This cinema has attracted the interest from critics and audiences for a variety of factors, among which we highlight an exemplary and exciting renewal of its language. In addition, the viability of independent production grounded on low costs. This resumption of production experienced by the Argentine cinema at the turn of the century was simultaneously a social, economic and institutional crisis occurred in December 2001. This fact has enhanced the meanings of Argentine nuevo cine because of the capacity of dialoguing that certain works presented in relation to the historical moment experienced by the country. Thus, this dissertation aims to analyze, using reference works, the representations of contemporary Argentine cinema in Argentina, investigating which narrative structures and cinematographic styles were used in the construction of these works and the crisis that they represent. The aim is also to understand the subjects, plots, spaces and relations with the institutions selected in the construct of contemporary Argentina and its crisis. Thus, it is possible to analyze the historicity of this cinema, and the ramifications involved in the representations constructed by cinematographic writing / Mestrado / Historia Cultural / Mestre em História

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