La résolution d'un problème d'interaction gravier-enrobé bitumineux dans les barrages en remblai avec des noyaux bitumineux nécessite la connaissance du comportement des interfaces entre ces deux matériaux. Ce travail constitue une contribution dans ce sens. Des échantillons ont été confectionnés dans le laboratoire en utilisant des pierres concassées dont la granulométrie est médiane et un enrobé bitumineux caractéristique de la Romaine 2. L’appareil de cisaillement direct a été utilisé pour réaliser les essais sur ces échantillons sous une contrainte normale constante. En plus de l’effet de la contrainte normale appliqué, les influences de différents paramètres tels que la température, la vitesse de cisaillement et le pourcentage de bitume de l’interface ont été explorés. La conclusion majeure que l’on peut tirer de ces essais est que le comportement de l’interface susmentionnée est dominé par l’enrobé bitumineux et que l’enveloppe de rupture de cette interface, dans des conditions de vitesse de cisaillement très faible ou de température très élevée, passerait par l’origine et ayant un angle de frottement égal à 38.7°. Mots clés Interface; gravier-enrobé bitumineux ; Cisaillement direct ; vitesse de cisaillement ; température; enveloppe de rupture; barrage en remblai avec de noyau bitumineux. / The resolution of the problem of interaction gravel-asphalt in embankment dams with bituminous cores requires the knowledge of interfaces behavior between these two materials. This work is a contribution in this direction. Specimens were made in the laboratory using crushed stones owing a median particle size distribution and a characteristic asphalt of the Romaine 2. The direct shear device was used to perform the tests on these samples under a constant normal stress. In addition to the effect of applied normal stress, the influences of various parameters such as temperature, shear rate and the percentage of bitumen in the interface were explored. The major conclusion that can be drawn from these tests is that the behavior of the aforementioned interface is dominated by the asphalt and the failure envelope of this interface in conditions of very low shear rate or very high temperature, passes through the origin with a friction angle equal to 38.7 °. Keywords Interface; gravel-asphalt; direct shear; shear rate; temperature; failure envelope; ACRD.

Le but de ce projet de recherche est de développer un outil de modélisation du comportement d’éléments en béton armé selon une discrétisation par couches. En flexion, la modélisation repose sur la capacité de prédire d’une part le comportement d’une section fissurée et d’autre part, le comportement global d’une poutre fléchie. Un endommagement relié à l’historique de chargement est également pris en compte par l’apparition de déformations permanentes et l’imposition d’une diminution de la rigidité des matériaux. L’outil offre alors la possibilité d’établir des seuils d’alarme par la mise à jour de l’indice de fiabilité d’une structure, ce qui constitue un atout significatif à la télésurveillance. Une portion expérimentale permet de confronter les résultats obtenus de la modélisation à des essais en laboratoire sous chargements statiques et cycliques sur des poutres instrumentées. La comparaison entre les résultats expérimentaux et la prédiction du modèle démontre une très bonne concordance, autant sous chargements statiques que cycliques, malgré une prédiction un peu conservatrice des indicateurs de performance à la rupture. Ce phénomène est toutefois favorable dans l’optique de poser des seuils d’alarme en télésurveillance. Finalement, le modèle permet de construire une enveloppe de rupture incluant l’interaction des efforts de cisaillement et de flexion. L’utilisation de la théorie des champs de compression modifiée permet le suivi de l’inclinaison des fissures et de la déformation des étriers à l’ultime. Bref, le modèle assemblé s’avère un outil de prédiction efficace du comportement réel d’éléments fléchis et cisaillés en béton armé. / The objective of this research project is to develop a modeling tool (layer by layer) for the behavior of reinforced concrete members. For flexure, the model relies on the capacity to predict the behavior of a cracked section and also the behavior of the entire bent beam. Damage related to historic loading also applies, including permanent deformations and a diminished rigidity to the material. It is therefore possible to set up an alarm threshold by upgrading the reliability index of the structure which constitutes a complementary tool to telesurveillance or monitoring. An experimental program was setup to obtain results to validate the model with static and cyclic loading of instrumented beams. The comparison between the experimental results and the model predictions shows an excellent agreement for the static loading behavior, even though it is on the safe side of the performance index indicators. The phenomenon is nonetheless favourable for the proposed telesurveillance alarm threshold. Finally, the model can generate a rupture envelop including the interaction between the shear force and bending moment. The use of the modified compression field theory allows the follow-up of the crack inclination and the deformation in the stirrups at rupture. In summary, this prediction tool reveals to be a very useful one to simulate the behavior of reinforced concrete members subjected to shear and bending.

The considerable progress in the research and development of thin-walled beam structures responds to their growing use in engineering construction and to their increased need for efficiency in strength and cost. The result is a structure that exhibits large shear strains and important non uniform warping under different loadings, such as non uniform torsion, shear bending and distortion.<p><p>A unified approach is formulated in this thesis for 3D thin walled beam structures with arbitrary profile geometries, loading cases and boundary conditions. A single warping function, defined by a linear combination of longitudinal displacements at cross sectional nodes (derived from Prokic work), is enhanced and adapted in order to qualitatively and quantitatively reflect and capture the nature of a widest possible range of behaviors. Constraints are prescribed at the kinematics level in order to enable the study of arbitrary cross sections for general loading. This approach, differing from most published theories, has the advantage of enabling the study of arbitrary cross sections (closed/opened or mixed) without any restrictions or distinctions related to the geometry of the profile. It generates automatic data and characteristic computations from a kinematical discretization prescribed by the profile geometry. The amount of shear bending, torsional and distortional warping and the magnitude of the shear correction factor is computed for arbitrary profile geometries with this single formulation.<p><p>The proposed formulation is compared to existing theories with respect to the main assumptions and restrictions. The variation of the location of the torsional center, distortional centers and distortional rotational ratio of a profile is discussed in terms of their dependency on the loading cases and on the boundary conditions.<p><p>A 3D beam finite element model is developed and validated with several numerical applications. The displacements, rotations, amount of warping, normal and shear stresses are compared with reference solutions for general loading cases involving stretching, bending, torsion and/or distortion. Some examples concern the case of beam assemblies with different shaped profiles where the connection type determines the nature of the warping transmission. Other analyses –for which the straightness assumption of Timoshenko theory is relaxed– investigate shear deformation effects on the deflection of short and thin beams by varying the aspect ratio of the beam. Further applications identify the cross sectional distortion and highlight the importance of the distortion on the stresses when compared to bending and torsion even in simple loading cases. <p><p>Finally, a non linear finite element based on the updated lagrangian formulation is developed by including torsional warping degrees of freedom. An incremental iterative method using the arc length and the Newton-Raphson methods is used to solve the non linear problem. Examples are given to study the flexural, torsional, flexural torsional and lateral torsional buckling problems for which a coupling between the variables describing the flexural and the torsional degrees of freedom occurs. The finite element results are compared to analytical solutions based on different warping functions and commonly used in linear stability for elastic structures having insufficient lateral or torsional stiffnesses that cause an out of plane buckling. <p> / Doctorat en sciences appliquées / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished