Il tema del progetto di ricerca è lo studio della pittura romana nell’area della Cisalpina orientale, con particolare riferimento alle problematiche connesse alla definizione dei processi formativi e delle peculiarità delle maestranze. L’ambito geografico considerato è compreso tra Altino e Trieste: all’interno di questo comparto territoriale Aquileia e Altino hanno costituito i due ambiti privilegiati della ricerca, anche per la possibilità di condurre un’indagine rigorosa su tutto il materiale pittorico conservato presso i Musei Archeologici. L’esame autoptico condotto con un approccio metodologico volto a considerare il supporto e la superficie dipinta è stato incrociato con l’analisi delle fonti documentarie inedite, che nel caso di Aquileia hanno rappresentato un imprescindibile strumento per la restituzione dei contesti: sono stati riqualificate nel senso topografico alcune partizioni edite, che assieme a numerose altre inedite vanno a restituire una nuova immagine alle abitazioni scavate nel secolo scorso. Lo studio ha messo in evidenza un panorama ricco dal punto di vista quantitativo che ho offerto significativi spunti di analisi sui caratteri della produzione, soprattutto nell’ottica del riconoscimento delle peculiarità regionali elaborate dalle officine pittoriche operanti sul territorio. / The subject of this research project is the study of Roman wall-painting in eastern Cisalpine Gaul, more specifically dealing with the aspects of the creation and development of the local workshops and their peculiar characteristics. The area taken into consideration is set between Altino and Trieste: within this territory Aquileia and Altino have represented the two privileged research fields, given the possibility to analyse thoroughly all the wall-painting evidence preserved in the Archaeological Museums. Direct examination, conducted with a specific attention to the plaster bearer and the painted surface, has been combined with the analysis of unpublished documentation which, in the case of Aquileia, has represented an indispensable instrument for the reconstruction of the original contexts. In this way it has been possible to re-define topographically some well known examples of wall-paintings which, together with many yet unpublished examples, contribute to give a new image of the private houses excavated during the last century. This research has revealed an outline very rich in respect of the quantities and which has offered interesting starting points for the analysis of the different aspects of the production, specifically aimed to the recognition of local peculiarities developed by the workshops operating in this area.

Les lieux de culte antiques constituent des observatoires privilégiés des évolutions que connaissent les communautés. Ils sont le lieu où s'établit de manière privilégiée la communication entre la communauté et ses dieux. Ils font souvent l'objet d'un investissement financier et symbolique important et contribuent à exprimer l'identité de la communauté qui s'y rassemble. Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse au rôle joué par les lieux de culte de la Transpadane occidentale et centrale, dans l'organisation du territoire des peuples puis des cités de la plaine padane et des vallées alpines. L'intégration de la région dans l'Italie romaine fut très progressive et fut l'objet de plusieurs expérimentations administratives. Après avoir été alliés à Rome par la signature de traités, les habitants de la région reçurent en 89 av. J-C. le droit latin et furent organisés sous forme de colonies. Puis, en 49 av. J-C., Je droit romain leur fut concédé. Sous Auguste, les vallées alpines conquises furent rattachées à l'Italie selon le régime de l'« adtributio ». Ces changements de statut modifièrent en profondeur l'organisation politique et territoriale des peuples intégrés. En s'appuyant sur un recensement des lieux de culte connus par la documentation littéraire, épigraphique et archéologique, ce travail cherche d'une part à expliquer leurs évolutions - leur mise en place, leur abandon et leurs transformations - dans le contexte de la conquête et de la mise en place du cadre administratif romain, et d'autre part à montrer comment, à travers une telle étude, on peut écrire l'histoire des territoires et des communautés de la plaine du Pô et des vallées alpines. / The study of ancient cult places affords remarkable insights into the evolutions that shape the communities using and managing them. Since these are the places where the community and its gods communicate and since that function distinguishes cult places from other parts of the territory, they often are the objects of important investments, both financial and symbolic. They, in turn, become an expression of the identity of the community that gathers there. Cult places are distinct from other space-structuring elements because they manifest, within a certain region, the presence of a given group and help to define this group's territory. This dissertation studies the role of Cisalpine cult places - of Western and Central Transpadana to be exact- in the territorial organization of the peoples then cities, of the plain of Padania and the alpine valleys. The chosen period begins with the start of the Roman domination in the region, at the beginning of the 2nd century B.C., and ends in the 3rd century A.D., when the epigraphic evidences become scarce. The length of this period answers the need for a dyachronic study of the relationships between territory and cult places. The integration of the region in Roman Italy was indeed a slow one and was marked by several administrative experiments. The region's inhabitants first signed treaties of alliance with Rome. They received Latin Rights in 89 B.C. and were reorganized into colonies, before receiving Roman Rights, in 49 B.C.. The alpine valleys were conquered under Augustus and incorporated within Italy as adtributi. These changes in status implied a deep political and territorial reorganisation for the locals. Based on an inventory and study of the cult places known from literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidences, this dissertation aims, on the one hand, to explain their evolution - creation, abandon and transformations- within the context of the Roman conquest and imposition of the Roman administrative structure, and, on the other hand, to show how, through such a study, one can write the story of the territories and communities of Padania and the alpine valleys.