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Can NGOs build states and citizenship through service delivery? : evidence from HIV/AIDS programmes in rural UgandaBukenya, Badru January 2012 (has links)
Service delivery NGOs (SD-NGOs) have long been criticised for promoting ‘technocratic’ and ‘depoliticised’ forms of development. However, some commentators have begun to argue that such agencies, and even their ‘technocratic’ interventions, can have positive impacts on political forms and processes. This study investigates these two opposing perspectives through the lens of state building and citizenship formation in the global South. Primary research into the activities of a prominent SD-NGO in Uganda called The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO), through its “mini-TASO Project” (MTP), finds that the project delivered important citizenship gains for People with HIV/AIDS (PWAs). This was visible in four main areas, namely, enhanced ability of PWAs to exercise voice, increased associationalism among previously unorganised and marginalised PWAs, increased voluntarism and more participation of PWAs in political contests. Yet, the project’s state-capacity building effects were more uneven. On the one hand, the programme played an important role in strengthening the bureaucratic ability of targeted hospitals to deliver HIV/AIDS services, enhanced PWAs’ legibility to the state as well as increased state’s embeddedness in society. On the other hand, however, it was less successful in expanding the infrastructural reach of the state in rural Uganda. The overall conclusion is that while SD-NGOs emerge as more political actors than critics claim, their potentially progressive effects are contingent on and remain limited by intervention and contextual factors. While intervention factors encompass issues such as the expertise of SD-NGOs, programme design and funding, the contextual ones include the pre-existing state-society relations, operating environment for civil society, influence of donors, and the character of both formal and informal political institutions, among others.
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O exercício da cidadania desde a infância como inédito viável: saberes e sabores da experiência da EMEF Presidente Campos Salles / Citizenship since childhood as unpublished and feasible: knowledge and flavors lived in EMEF Presidente Campos Salles experienceMesquita, Delma Lúcia de 28 September 2018 (has links)
A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar sob quais condições é possível promover o exercício da cidadania desde a infância no contexto da escola pública. O pressuposto assumido nesse estudo foi a noção das crianças como grupo social com interesses específicos, capazes de expressar sua visão sobre o que significa viver a cidadania e de participar em decisões sobre assuntos que as envolvam, propondo soluções criativas em diálogos com os adultos. Buscou-se estudar a experiência de transformação curricular em uma escola da rede pública municipal, em São Paulo, que se apresenta com uma proposta de formação cidadã desde a infância. Adotou-se como perspectiva metodológica a abordagem qualitativa, por meio de estudo de caso inspirado pelas orientações etnográficas. O percurso da pesquisa e a construção da metodologia estabeleceram coerência entre fundamentos que permitissem enfatizar a sintonia entre ética e pesquisa. A produção de dados envolveu leitura de documentos institucionais, o registro em diário de campo, observações participantes e entrevistas com trinta e nove crianças, três adolescentes e nove adultos. A literatura no que se refere à pesquisa com crianças subsidiou todo o processo investigativo, dando ênfase aos aspectos éticos, tais como: participação voluntária, consentimento dos pais e deles próprios e privacidade. Os fundamentos da pedagogia de Paulo Freire foram a principal base de sustentação teórico-prática da pesquisa. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que é plenamente viável a realização de propostas na educação escolar que proporcionem à criança participar ativamente da construção de sua cidadania. Para tanto, conclui-se que a escola pesquisada criou condições concretas em parceria com a comunidade local, para superar situaçõeslimites, e descobrir inéditos viáveis, configurando-se em uma escola inovadora, sem muros e sem paredes. Rompeu com um ensino tradicional, abriu espaço para que o currículo da educação básica fosse repensado, com vistas a formular metodologias que respeitassem a cultura, o tempo, o espaço e as características do ser criança e considerassem a ludicidade, a música, a brincadeira, entre outras linguagens. Pelas vozes das crianças, a cidadania desde a infância foi traduzida em exercício dos direitos, ações propositivas para a vida em sociedade e a aprendizagem da democracia por meio da participação delas em Assembleias de Estudantes, Rodas de Conversas, Comissões Mediadoras, Conselho de Escola e República de Estudantes. Em coerência com os princípios metodológicos, a pesquisa foi avaliada pelos participantes e os estudantes apresentaram importantes indicações para novos estudos sobre escolas públicas e privadas. Por fim, a pesquisa anunciou outro mundo possível na perspectiva das crianças, que apresentaram o princípio ético da vida como um bem precioso em comum. / The present research aimed to investigate under what conditions it is possible to promote the exercise of citizenship from childhood in the context of the public school. The assumption assumed in this study was the notion of children as a social group with specific interests, capable of expressing their vision about what it means to live citizenship and to participate in decisions on subjects that involve them, proposing creative solutions in dialogues with adults. We sought to study the experience of curricular transformation in a school of the municipal public network, in São Paulo, which presents itself with a proposal of citizen training from childhood. The qualitative approach was adopted as a methodological perspective, through a case study inspired by the ethnographic orientations. The course of the research and the construction of the methodology established coherence among foundations that allowed to emphasize the harmony between ethics and research. Data production involved reading institutional documents, field journaling, participant observations and interviews with thirtynine children, three adolescents, and nine adults. The literature regarding research with children subsidized the entire investigative process, emphasizing ethical aspects such as: voluntary participation, consent of parents and themselves and privacy. The fundamentals of Paulo Freire\'s pedagogy were the main basis for theoretical and practical support of the research. The results showed that it is fully feasible to make proposals in school education that allow children to participate actively in the construction of their citizenship. In order to do so, we conclude that the researched school created concrete conditions in partnership with the local community, to overcome \"limiting situations\", and to discover \"viable unpublished\", being configured in an innovative school, \"without walls\". It broke with a traditional teaching, opened space for the basic education curriculum to be rethought, with a view to formulating methodologies that respected the culture, time, space and characteristics of \"being a child\" and considered playfulness, music, games, among other languages. Through the voices of children, citizenship from childhood has been translated into the exercise of rights, propositional actions for life in society and the learning of democracy through their participation in Student Assemblies, Circle Conversation, Mediation Commissions, School Council and Republic of students. Consistent with the methodological principles, the research was evaluated by the participants and the students presented important indications for new studies on public and private schools. Finally, the research announced \"another possible world\" from the perspective of children, who presented the ethical principle of life as a precious commodity in common.
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Leitura, formação de conceitos e construção de cidadania no Projeto Leitura nas Diferentes ÁreasFuji, Sonia Naomi 29 August 2008 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-29 / The objective of this research was to comprehend critically in which ways
reading, concept formation and citizenship formation were dealt with in the Reading
in Different Areas Project from Acting as Citizens Research Program, developed in
Carapicuíba in 2005 and 2006. It was based on the Socio-Historical-Cultural Activity
Theory (Vygotsky, 1934/2000, 1934/2003, Leontiev, 1977-8; Engeström, 1999,
2001), that was the reason for the Project to be seen as inter-related activity
systems. The study took into account the dialogical perspective of language (Bakhtin,
1929/1988) as theoretical base. Moreover, the formation concept (Vygotsky,
1934/2000, 1934/2005), the critical reading (Liberali e Fuga, 2007; Kleiman and
Moraes, 1999; Lerner, 2002; Freire, 1970) and the citizenship formation (Freire,1970;
Gentili, 2002) were discussed in this study. The methodology adopted was the critical
collaborative research (Magalhães, 1991-2007; Liberali, 1994-2007), that aims at
developing, understanding and transforming pedagogical practices in a critical and
collaborative way . Data had been produced through observation of a workshop, a
teacher developing meeting and a lesson, in other words, in three of the five activity
systems of the Project. It was used recordings in audio and video in which the
Teacher Support Team and the participant teacher were involved in the second
semester of 2006 and the first semester of 2007. The results were analyzed and
discussed based on the context of production and thematic content through lexical
choices (Bronckart, 1999). Results indicated that the production of knowledge about
reading was creatively worked through discussion of textual genres of comic book
and water bill. The math scientific concept of volume and integer were dealt with
based on everyday issues of life everyday concepts. The citizenship formation was
worked through rules and division of labor in a way that every subject of the activity
had their voices heard in order to produce knowledge creatively / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender criticamente como a leitura, a
formação de conceitos e a formação cidadã foram trabalhadas no contexto do
Projeto Leitura nas Diferentes Áreas do Programa Ação Cidadã, desenvolvido na
Diretoria Regional de Ensino de Carapicuíba em 2005 e 2006. O estudo
fundamentou-se na Teoria da Atividade Sócio-Histórico-Cultural (Vygotsky,
1934/2000,1934/2003; Leontiev, 1977-8; Engeström, 1999, 2001), que possibilitou a
compreensão da organização do Projeto como sistemas de atividade interrelacionadas.
Além disso, teve como base teórica a compreensão dialógica da
linguagem (Bakhtin, 1929/1988). Abordou a formação de conceitos (Vygotsky,
1934/2000, 1934/2005), a leitura crítica (Liberali e Fuga, 2007; Kleiman e Moraes,
1999; Lerner, 2002; Freire, 1970) e a formação cidadã pautada nas discussões de
Freire (1970) e Gentili (2002). A metodologia adotada foi a pesquisa crítica de
colaboração (Magalhães, 1991-2007; Liberali, 1994-2007), que tem por objetivo
desenvolver, compreender e transformar práticas pedagógicas por meio da
construção de conhecimento de forma crítica e colaborativa. Os dados foram
gerados a partir da observação de uma oficina, uma reunião de HTPC e uma aula,
ou seja, três dos cinco sistemas de atividade do referido Projeto. Foram utilizadas
gravação em áudio e vídeo nas quais o Grupo de Apoio e o professor focal
estiveram envolvidos, no segundo semestre de 2006 e no primeiro, de 2007. Para
análise e discussão dos resultados foram utilizados o plano geral do texto e
conteúdo temático por meio das escolhas lexicais (Bronckart, 1999). Os resultados
indicaram que a produção de conhecimento sobre leitura foi criativamente construída
pelas discussões de gêneros textuais de história em quadrinhos e conta de água. Os
conceitos científicos de Matemática de volume e números inteiros foram discutidos
baseados em assuntos relacionados ao dia-a-dia da vida - conceitos cotidianos. A
formação cidadã foi abordada pelas regras e divisão do trabalho em que todos os
sujeitos envolvidos na atividade tiveram espaço para colocar sua voz, assim,
contribuindo para a construção criativa de conhecimento
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