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Transportation planning towards a responsive urban street environment in Hong Kong譚智傑, Tam, Chi-kit, Andy. January 1997 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Urban Design / Master / Master of Urban Design
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An examination on alternative methods of community development/designLaurien, Jeff 05 1900 (has links)
The prevailing development pattern of sprawling suburbs prevents
sustainability and can no longer be tolerated . Since the end of WWII
the "American Dream" to own a single - family home on a large lot away
from the blight of downtowns has greatly reduced the quality of life
of North Americans. To reverse this trend sustainable development/
sustainability must be society’s goal. This means that the actions of
society - particularly where community development/design is concerned
- must promote environmental integrity, economic vitality , and social
well - being . The recent New Urbanism Movement which focuses on
community development/design makes this important realization . In
doing so, it has fostered a series of alternative methods of community
development/design which promote environmental integrity , economic
vitality , and social well-being. The most prominent examples are
Traditional Neighbourhood Development, Transit Oriented Development,
and, more recently in Canada, the Metropolitain Purlieu . However, these
concepts are not panaceas to sustainability and can gain further
insight from earlier development/design projects such as Village Homes
in California . By combining the best of the ideas from these concepts
and supplementing them with further ideas a concept which further
enhances environmental integrity , economic vitality , and social well -
being is developed. However, such a concept is only useful if it can
be successfully implemented. Thus, prominent barriers to sustainable
community development/design such as uncertainty over cost and
marketability , and inadequate regulations / guidelines to allow for or
promote alternative methods of development/design must be overcome.
One method of achieving this is through the use of the performance
point system which is devised here. Regardless of the method of
implementation used to enhance the environmental integrity , economic
vitality , and social well-being of a community, it is clear that
immediate action is required . Without it, the quality of life of North
Americans will continue to deteriorate and sustainability will not be
realized .
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Muncie's new urban'hood : conceptualization of the Delaware County, Indiana fairgrounds as an infill project using principles derived from the new urbanist movement / Muncie's new urban neighborhoodMarshall, Stephen J. January 2000 (has links)
This project will address the environmental and social issues associated with conventional community planning and propose solutions to these through written documentation as well as through masterplan-scale concepts of a proposed mixed-use project using principles derived from the New Urbanist movement. The site chosen to display these conceptualizations is that of the existing Delaware County Fairgrounds located in Muncie, Indiana. Two concepts for a traditional neighborhood development shall be the graphic product of the project. The concepts shall be used in a comparison of the potential for New Urbanist design principles applied within the confines of existing zoning and development regulation and New Urbanist-derived design principles applied in an unrestricted setting. The concepts will be used to illustrate the potential of the site as a primarily residential space. / Department of Landscape Architecture
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The extent of water sensitive urban design in the George municipalityLottering, Naomey Olive 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigated the extent of Water Sensitive Urban Design activities in the George municipality in the Western Cape Province, in South Africa. Water resource management in urban areas worldwide had become unsustainable with the widespread implementation of outsized
infrastructure, environmental degradation and overuse of natural resources. The result was a concept
called Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM). IUWM encapsulates the entire water cycle from
rainwater to surface water, groundwater and wastewater, as part of urban water management, and not as
separate entities. There was worldwide response to IUWM, with the USA formulating Low-Impact
Development (LID), the UK designing their Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS), and New
Zealand articulating Low Impact Urban Design and Development (LIUDD), all to improve urban water
resource management. Australia responded with Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD). WSUD
explores the design and planning of water infrastructural development in an urban setting, vital in
Australian cities which experience continuous severe water shortage conditions. The WSUD approach
aims to influence design and planning from the moment rainwater is captured in dams, treated, and
reticulated to consumers, to the point of wastewater re-use, as well as stormwater use. Various
techniques are specified as part of the WSUD approach namely: the installation of greenroofs, demand
reduction techniques, stormwater management and the re-use of treated wastewater for irrigation and
fire-fighting. These WSUD activities can be implemented from large-scale efforts with whole suburbs
working together to manage stormwater by construction of wetlands, as well as small-scale change in
design and planning, e.g., with household rainwater tank installation for irrigation and toilet flushing.
With South Africa’s progressive legislation at a national, provincial and local municipal level, various
WSUD activities can be implemented to aid and guide municipalities. The study aimed to investigate
what type of WSUD activities the George municipality has implemented, and to what extent the
activities had an impact on water consumption, since the drought in 2009. The reasons behind any lack
of implementation were also explored. Proof of only eight WSUD activities implementation could be
found. Water debtors’ data and bulk water data was sourced in order to determine the effect of the eight
WSUD activities on water consumption. Bulk meter data could however not be used to correlate with
the debtors’ data since readings from many bulk meters had not been recorded. Debtors’ data did prove
however that the WSUD activities had a short-term impact on water consumption in the suburbs where
it was implemented. The reasons given for non-implementation were not satisfactory.
Recommendations are that the municipality should focus on better planning and implementation of diverse activities and that keeping records and data should be made a priority to determine any progress
made. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die omvang van die Water Sensitiewe Stedelike Ontwerp (WSUD) aktiwiteite
in die George munisipaliteit in die Wes-Kaap, in Suid-Afrika. Waterhulpbronbestuur in stedelike
gebiede in die wêreld het nie-volhoubaar geword met die grootskaalse implementering van
buitenmaatse infrastruktuur, agteruitgang van die omgewing en die oorbenutting van natuurlike
waterhulpbronne. Die gevolg was 'n konsep wat Geïntegreerde Stedelike Water Bestuur (IUWM)
genoem is. IUWM omvat die hele watersiklus vanaf reënval, tot oppervlakwater, grondwater en
afvalwater, as deel van die stedelike waterbestuur, en nie as aparte entiteite nie. Daar was 'n wêreldwye
reaksie te IUWM, met die VSA se Lae-impak-Ontwikkeling (LID), die Verenigde Koninkryk se
ontwerp van hul volhoubare stedelike dreineringstelsel (SUDS), en Nieu-Seeland se formulering van
Lae-impak Stedelike Ontwerp en Ontwikkeling (LIUDD), om stedelike water hulpbronne beter te
bestuur. Australië het reageer met Water Sensitiewe Stedelike Ontwerp (WSUD). WSUD verken die
ontwerp en beplanning van waterbestuur infrastruktuur ontwikkeling, in 'n stedelike omgewing, waar
dit noodsaaklik was in die Australiese stede wat deurlopende tekort aan water ervaar. Die WSUD
benadering het ten doel om die ontwerp en beplanning te beïnvloed vanaf die oomblik reënwater in
damme opgevang is, behandel, en aan verbruikers versprei word, tot by die punt van afvalwater
hergebruik, sowel as stormwater gebruik. Verskeie tegnieke word verskaf as deel van die WSUD
benadering, naamlik: die installering van “greenroofs”, wateraanvraagbestuur tegnieke, en stormwater
gebruik en hergebruik van behandelde afvalwater vir besproeiing en brandbestryding. Hierdie WSUD
aktiwiteite kan implementeer word vanaf grootskaalse pogings met die samewerking van hele
voorstede met stormwater bestuur deur die konstruksie van die vleilande, sowel as kleinskaalse
verandering in die ontwerp en beplanning by huishoudings, byvoorbeeld met reënwatertenk installasie
vir besproeiing en toilet spoel. Met Suid-Afrika se progressiewe wetgewing op 'n nasionale, provinsiale
en plaaslike munisipale vlak wat munisipaliteite steun en lei, kan die verskeie WSUD aktiwiteite
ïmplementeer word. Die studie is gemik om ondersoek in te stel na watter tipe WSUD aktiwiteite deur
die George-munisipaliteit implementeer word, en tot watter mate die aktiwiteite 'n impak gehad het op
die water verbruik sedert die droogte in 2009. Die redes agter 'n gebrek aan implementering is ook
ondersoek. Bewyse van implementering van net agt WSUD aktiwiteite kon gevind word. Data van die
water debiteure en grootmaat water meters is verkry ten einde die effek van die agt WSUD aktiwiteite
op die water verbruik te bepaal. Grootmaat water meter data kan egter nie gebruik word om te korreleer
met die data van die debiteure aangesien die lesings van baie grootmaat water meters nie aangeteken is
nie. Debiteure se data het egter bewys dat die WSUD aktiwiteite 'n korttermyn-impak op die waterverbruik in die voorstede waar dit geïmplementeer is gemaak het. Die redes gegee vir nieuitvoering
is nie bevredigend nie. Aanbevelings is dat die munisipaliteit moet fokus op beter
beplanning en implementering van diverse aktiwiteite en dat die hou van rekords en data prioriteit
gemaak moet word om vas te stel of enige vordering gemaak is.
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The farmerland.January 2010 (has links)
Tao Yuen Ting, Josephine. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2009-2010, design report." / "May 2010." / Includes bibliographical references (p. [86-87]). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1.0 --- synopsis : site background . the urbanization procedure? . compelling factors for an alternate urbanization . farming an opportunity . hypothesis --- p.6 / Chapter 2.0 --- research : farming in social potential . farming in energy potential . farming in water potential . farming practice . cases study . density study --- p.22 / Chapter 3.0 --- site design : site criteria . retaining the local farming entities . layout strategy . optimizing building with farming --- p.46 / Chapter 4.0 --- building design : massing component . compositiong strategy --- p.62 / Chapter 5.0 --- bibliography : --- p.86
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An examination on alternative methods of community development/designLaurien, Jeff 05 1900 (has links)
The prevailing development pattern of sprawling suburbs prevents
sustainability and can no longer be tolerated . Since the end of WWII
the "American Dream" to own a single - family home on a large lot away
from the blight of downtowns has greatly reduced the quality of life
of North Americans. To reverse this trend sustainable development/
sustainability must be society’s goal. This means that the actions of
society - particularly where community development/design is concerned
- must promote environmental integrity, economic vitality , and social
well - being . The recent New Urbanism Movement which focuses on
community development/design makes this important realization . In
doing so, it has fostered a series of alternative methods of community
development/design which promote environmental integrity , economic
vitality , and social well-being. The most prominent examples are
Traditional Neighbourhood Development, Transit Oriented Development,
and, more recently in Canada, the Metropolitain Purlieu . However, these
concepts are not panaceas to sustainability and can gain further
insight from earlier development/design projects such as Village Homes
in California . By combining the best of the ideas from these concepts
and supplementing them with further ideas a concept which further
enhances environmental integrity , economic vitality , and social well -
being is developed. However, such a concept is only useful if it can
be successfully implemented. Thus, prominent barriers to sustainable
community development/design such as uncertainty over cost and
marketability , and inadequate regulations / guidelines to allow for or
promote alternative methods of development/design must be overcome.
One method of achieving this is through the use of the performance
point system which is devised here. Regardless of the method of
implementation used to enhance the environmental integrity , economic
vitality , and social well-being of a community, it is clear that
immediate action is required . Without it, the quality of life of North
Americans will continue to deteriorate and sustainability will not be
realized . / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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Implementing sustainable human settlementsSmeddle-Thompson, Lisa 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In our rapidly urbanising world, the need for sustainable settlement planning,
particularly for the poor in developing countries, is essential. In South Africa,
apartheid spatial constructs segregated black population groups, denying them
equal access to economic opportunities; housing; as well as basic and social
services. After the first democratic elections in 1994, policy makers attempted to
redress these inequalities. Though early housing policy aimed to provide secure
tenure: permanent residential structures, and access to basic services for the poor,
these policies failed to meet the objectives of the policy makers. In articulating that
the state could not meet the needs of the homeless, and that housing for the poor
should be delivered within a normalized market in order to attract private investment,
these policies (which promoted private sector, contractor-driven development) only
served to heighten inequalities previously entrenched by the apartheid regime.
In 2004, after measuring delivery failures, policy makers empowered the state to
become an enabler of subsidised and low-income housing delivery, rather than
leaving housing provision solely to the market. The new policy included the use of
multiple finance and delivery mechanisms, multiple housing typologies, and clearly
expressed the need for capacity development. It also espoused the need for citizens
to become participants in sustainable settlement delivery. Despite this, policy
implementation continues to be fragmented and mostly ineffectual. Interviews, survey results and site visits reveal that there are some examples of
integrated sustainable human settlements in the South African (SA) context. A few
recent examples showcase better quality houses, a broader variety of housing
options and typologies, better locations, functioning developmental relationships and
the use of multiple financing mechanisms. Conversely, case studies and
comparative analysis of developments reveal that most projects designated as
Breaking New Ground (BNG) responsive by government officials (as defined in the
study) fail to meet BNG policy objectives. This study argues that low-income housing
provision continues to focus on the delivery of free-standing subsidy houses without
providing a range of typologies and tenure options. It argues that basic and socialservice
provision is intermittent and, at times, non-existent. It argues that current funding models for the development of sustainable human settlements in low-income
communities are unable to meet basic needs within communities. It shows that skills
scarcities within government prevent the acceleration of housing delivery and that
participation strategies have failed to meet the policy objective of enabling citizens to
become participants in sustainable settlement development.
In conclusion, it recommends that the current focus on and allocations of subsidies
toward ownership models for shelter and housing delivery be re-examined. It
suggests that support should be provided for lending institutions to extend finance to
creditworthy, low- and middle-income families. Additionally, accredited capacitybuilding
programmes should be developed and funded for local authorities, enabling
local government to be the sole driver of local development. It argues that capacity
should be built in community organisations to speed up delivery processes, and
recommends that provincial government’s power and authority be incrementally
devolved to local government as capacity is increased within local authorities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Weens die snelle verstedeliking in Suid-Afrika het die behoefte aan beplanning van
volhoubare nedersettings noodsaaklik geword, veral vir armes in ontwikkelende
lande. Tydens apartheid is gesegregeerde swart gemeenskappe gelyke toegang tot
ekonomiese geleenthede, behuising, sowel as basiese en maatskaplike dienste
ontneem. Na 1994 het beleidmakers gepoog om hierdie ongelykhede reg te stel.
Hoewel vroeë behuisingsbeleid daarop gemik was om permanente residensiële
strukture wat toegang tot basiese dienste sou verseker, het hierdie beleid egter
gefaal. Toe die staat nie sy doelwitte kon bereik nie, is daar besluit om private
beleggings te lok. Hierdie privaatsektor gedrewe beleid, wat ontwikkeling binne 'n
genormaliseerde mark sou bevorder, het egter slegs gedien om ongelykhede te
verskerp. Dit is dan ook dieselfde ongelykhede wat voorheen in die apartheidsbeleid
verskans is.
In 2004, na besef is dat verskaffing misluk het, het beleidmakers die staat bemagtig
om te verseker dat gesubsidieerde behuising vir lae-inkomste groepe verskaf word,
eerder as om behuising slegs aan die private sektor oor te laat. Die nuwe beleid het
ingesluit die gebruik van verskeie finansiële en leweringsmeganismes, meervoudige
behuising-tipologieë, en het duidelik die behoefte aan kapasiteitsontwikkeling
vergestalt. Dit het ook die behoefte onderstreep wat daar bestaan vir landsburgers
om deel te neem aan die proses van lewering van volhoubare nedersettings. Ten
spyte hiervan is min sukses behaal.
Hierdie studie voer aan dat daar 'n paar voorbeelde van geïntegreerde volhoubare
menslike nedersettings in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks bestaan. Onlangse
voorbeelde dui op huise van ‘n beter gehalte, 'n groter verskeidenheid van
behuisingsopsies en tipologieë, geskikter ruimtes, die funksionering van die
ontwikkelingsverhoudings en die gebruik van verskeie finansieringsmeganismes.
Aan die ander kant, alhoewel regeringsamptenare die meeste projekte aanvaar as
synde dat hulle voldoen aan die vereistes van Breaking New Ground (BNG),
voldoen hulle nie aan die vereistes van die BNG se beleid nie. Hierdie studie voer
aan dat die voorsiening van lae-inkomste-behuising bly fokus op die lewering van
subsidies vir vrystaande huise sonder dat 'n reeks tipologieë en ook opsies ten opsigte van verblyfreg verskaf word. Basiese en maatskaplike diensvoorsiening is
gebrekkig en soms totaal afwesig. Hierbenewens is die huidige finansiële modelle
vir die ontwikkeling van volhoubare menslike nedersettings in lae-inkomste
gemeenskappe nie in staat om in die basiese behoeftes van die gemeenskappe te
voorsien nie. Dis duidelik dat ‘n tekort aan vaardighede binne die regering verhoed
dat die lewering van behuising versnel en dat die strategieë vir deelname deur
burgers aan die proses ook gefaal het. Ten slotte beveel hierdie studie aan dat die
huidige stelsel vir die toekennings van subsidies vir die lewering van skuiling en
behuising weer nagegaan word. Ondersteuning moet gegee word aan instellings
wat finansiering voorsien en dit behoort uitgebrei te word na lae- en middel-inkomste
families wat kredietwaardig is. Kapasiteitsbou-programme behoort geskep te word
vir plaaslike owerhede wat dan alleen sal omsien na plaaslike ontwikkeling.
Gemeenskapsorganisasies behoort ook bemagtig te word om leweringsprosesse te
bespoedig. Die provinsiale regering se magte en gesag moet inkrementeel
oorhandig word aan plaaslike regering soos kapasiteit binne plaaslike owerhede self
uitbrei.
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A study on the sustainable infrastructure of the Songdo City Project : from the viewpoint of the metabolic flow perspectiveBaek, Insoo 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the 21st century, cities play a vital role in social, economic and environmental
changes. They are the largest places of human settlement and it is expected that
more than 80 percent of the world’s population will live in cities by 2050 (UNEP,
2012). At the same time, as the role of cities significantly increases, it also
contributes to negative outcomes on the planet. In particular, the current cities’
demand for materials and energy consumption accounts for almost 80 percent of the
world’s consumption and it leads to serious environmental problems. The main
problems are climate change, biodiversity loss, desertification, and ecosystem
degradation.
In response to these urban issues, sustainable cities have emerged as an alternative
way of urban life. Since cities consume a massive amount of energy, an efficient
resource management system has to be established for the sustainable urban future.
In addition, finding ways to reconcile economic growth, social well-being and the
sustainable use of resources is imperative in urban sustainability. Since people’s
lifestyle and their material footprint are dependent on the urban design, construction
and operation of urban infrastructures, ways to make an urban infrastructural system
more sustainable will contribute to the transition towards sustainable cities.
In this study, the thesis applies Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to one of the
sustainable cities, Songdo, South Korea. Before delving into the analysis, it explores
the overview of the New Songdo City (NSC) project and describes its sustainable
urban infrastructures. Then it examines the material flow of inputs and outputs of the
city in order to reveal their sustainability and suggests a guideline for the realisation
of sustainable cities. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies are used to assess
and compare the material and energy flow trends for this city.
The results indicate that the general material consumption in Songdo is higher than
the average in South Korea. It reflects the high-income households’ consumption
patterns in Songdo. In addition, one could see that the sustainable networks have
merely contributed to the overall consumption. The findings from this study can be
used to formulate sustainable development policies and strategies in terms of
increasing the efficiency of resource and energy use in urban areas. Furthermore,
this research is expected to provide a platform for realisation of sustainable cities by highlighting the important role of urban infrastructures and their material resource
flow. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die 21ste eeu speel stede 'n belangrike rol in die sosiale, ekonomiese en
omgewingskwessies veranderinge. Stede is die grootste vorm van menslike
nedersetting en daar word verwag dat meer as 80 persent van die wêreld se
bevolking in stede sal woon teen 2050 (UNEP, 2012). Op dieselfde tyd, namate die
rol van stede aansienlik verhoog, dra dit ook by tot negatiewe uitkomste op die
planeet. Veral huidige stede se vraag na materiaal en energie reken vir byna 80
persent van die wêreld se verbruik, en dit lei tot ernstige omgewingsprobleme. Die
grootste probleme is klimaatsverandering, biodiversiteit verlies, verwoestyning en die
agteruitgang van ekostelsels.
In reaksie op hierdie stedelike kwessies het volhoubare stede na vore gekom as 'n
alternatiewe vorm van stadsbewoning. Aangesien stede 'n massiewe hoeveelheid
energie gebruik, moet 'n doeltreffende hulpbronbestuur stelsel vasgestel word.
Daarbenewens, is dit noodsaaklik om maniere te vind om ekonomiese groei te
integreer met sosiale welsyn en die volhoubare gebruik van hulpbronne. Aangesien
mense se lewenstyl en hul impak op die omgewing afhanklik is van die stedelike
infrastruktuur, sal maniere om hierdie infrastruktuurstelsel meer volhoubaar te maak
bydra tot die oorgang na volhoubare stede.
In hierde studie word, stedelike materiaalvloeiontleding toegepas op een van die
volhoubare stede, Songdo, Suid-Korea. Voor die analise, sal 'n oorsig van die nuwe
Songdo stad projek en die stad se volhoubare infrastruktuur gegee word. Dan word
die vloei van materiaal in-en uitgange van die stad ondersoek om hul volhoubaarheid
te illustreer, en stel dit 'n riglyn voor vir die verwesenliking van volhoubare stede.
Kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe metodologie word gebruik om die materiaal en energie
vloei tendense vir hierdie stad te bepaal en vergelyk.
Die resultate dui daarop dat die algemene materiaal verbruik in Songdo hoër is as
die gemiddelde in Korea. Dit weerspieël die hoë-inkomste huishoudings se
verbruikspatrone in Songdo. Daarbenewens kan 'n mens sien dat die volhoubare
netwerke slegs bygedra het tot die algehele verbruik. Die bevindinge van hierdie
studie kan gebruik word om die volhoubare ontwikkeling van beleid en strategieë te
formuleer in terme van die verhoging van die doeltreffendheid van die hulpbron-en
energie gebruik in stedelike gebiede. Verder word verwag dat hierdie navorsing 'n platvorm in terme van die realisering van volhoubare stede sal voorsien deur die
belangrike rol van stedelike infrastruktuur, en die materiaal hulpbron vloei te
beklemtoon.
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The establishment of a framework for evaluating the sustainability of integrated residential development projectsKoopman, Robin 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / The sustainability of a human settlement is a multidimensional problem, dealing not only with
settlement spatial or housing dimensions, but also with spatial characteristics, geographic location,
environmental considerations, economic viability, institutional capacity, human development, and
social relationships and aspirations. With the ability to address spatial restructuring, effect
integration and optimise the use of infrastructure, the South African government, through its New
Comprehensive Plan for the Creation of Sustainable Human Settlements, promulgated in 2004,
has identified integrated residential development, essentially comprising medium-density mixeduse
housing opportunities, as the core contributor to the creation of sustainable human
settlements.
Through its land release programmes, government seeks to stimulate the development of
integrated and sustainable human settlements. The evaluation criteria applied in the assessment
of development proposals however differ between the various spheres of government. The criteria
evaluating the inherent sustainability of a development proposal have not been evident in the
literature review of the advertised proposals. With no overall assessment framework in place to
assess the overall sustainability of integrated residential development projects, there has been an
evident lack of consistency in the evaluation of such proposals. Furthermore, the lack of
consistency and the lack of a consistently applied evaluation framework does not allow for
adequate monitoring and evaluation after development.
The aim of this investigation was to facilitate the development of an appropriate and adaptable
framework that can guide government in evaluating an integrated residential development proposal
in terms of its sustainability and the extent to which it endeavours to achieve government’s desired
outcomes. An empirical study was conducted through evaluation research and comparative
studies to investigate the indicators informing the creation of sustainable and integrated residential
developments. Primary data were acquired through questionnaires to targeted public and private
sector stakeholders involved in integrated residential developments, and were supplemented by a
literature review on the aspects informing the sustainability of housing development.
The research found that there is a lack of consistency and integration in the evaluation of
proposals for integrated residential developments. Similarly, the key aspects and means of
measuring sustainability were found not to be integrated into the evaluation process.
The degree to which a development proposal was considered to be sustainable therefore is, and
will remain, unknown until it is researched.
Without the ability to measure the level of perceived sustainability pre- and post-implementation of
development proposals, and with cognizance of the newness of integrated residential
developments as a housing model, it is doubtful whether there will be progress towards the
realisation of ideal sustainable human settlements. To facilitate the realisation of sustainable
human settlements, the proposed framework seeks to establish a consistent means of evaluating
an integrated residential development proposal pre- and post-development.
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Environmental risk in Hong Kong and its implications for urban planningTang, Wing-yun, Donna., 鄧詠茵. January 2000 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning
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