The morale of the federal workforce is probably at an all time low. The malaise that shrouds the federal workforce is primarily caused by a sense of alienation that many federal workers feel. They feel alienated from themselves and from a community. In this book I approach the problem of alienation from theoretical, personal and empirical perspectives. To gain a deeper understanding of the alienation of the organizational employee, one must look at the individual holistically. Using Carl Jung as my guide and employing his theories of the unconscious, spirituality, individuation and psychological type, I develop what I call an organizational personality typology. This organizational personality typology is contrasted with the more conventional and more one-dimensional organizational role typologies developed by organizational theorists such as Anthony Downs in Inside Bureaucracy and Robert Presthus in The Organizational of contact with their environment and themselves, a sense of meaninglessness and alienation, and an obliviousness to messages from their unconscious. Other people choose the journey of heroism. The heroic journey as portrayed in the heroic myth serves as a model for those people in search of psychological health and spiritual sustenance. It is a journey that has three primary stages: the calling, the encounter with death, and the return to the community. Each of these stages has applicability to the American public administration tradition. The heroic journey is not merely confined to the world of myth. The heroic journey, as practiced in the public service, has current exemplars in both novels and in real life. Furthermore, it is a journey that is open to both the GS-3 clerk and the agency administrator. It is an attitude reflective of a life-affirming stance towards oneself and others. / Ph. D.

Thesis (MPA (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South African government employees are under extreme pressure to deliver quality and effective service to the public. They are also under extreme pressure to develop leadership and skills and to set high standards for quality service delivery. The Government therefore has a duty to ensure that employees are well equipped to render services needed by the public. The Department of Education is under scrutiny and pressure to address the skills shortage in the country and such skills must be of a globally acceptable standard. It is therefore most essential that new employees of the Department of Education at district level be well aware of the Department’s vision and mission and what the Department of Education stands for. The new employee needs to be well aware of the micro, macro and meso objectives of the Department. Employees at the district level of the Department of Education are there to provide guidance, governance and leadership to the leadership in the schools. This is a huge responsibility that needs employees who are aware of the Department of Education. By induction, the new employee can be made fully aware of what the organisation stands for. Through induction, the objectives, vision, mission, challenges, strengths and culture of the organisation can be transferred and emphasised. What the organisation believes and its objectives must be transferred by means of communication from the starting phase of the employee’s entry. This makes induction one of the important aspects of organisational development. It is important for each new employee in the South African public sector to be exposed to a sound induction programme. This research was undertaken with the aim of providing guidelines for the development of the induction programme of the Education Management Development Centre (EMDC) South. Data for emperical study was collected by means of focus groups discussions unstructured interviews and case study / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Werknemers van die Suid-Afrikaanse regering is onder geweldige druk om kwaliteit en effektiewe diens aan die publiek te lewer. Hulle is ook onder geweldige druk om leierskap en vaardighede te ontwikkel en om ‘n hoë standaard vir kwaliteit dienslewering daar te stel. Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering het dus ‘n plig teenoor sy werknemers om te verseker dat hulle goed toegerus is om die nodige dienste aan die publiek te lewer. Die Onderwysdepartement is ook onder die vergrootglas en onder druk om die vaardigheidstekort in die land aan te spreek en op ‘n manier wat voldoen aan globale aanvaarbare standaarde. Dit is daarom baie belangrik dat nuwe werknemers op die distriksvlak van die Onderwys Departement bewus moet wees van sy visie en missie, en wat die Onderwys Departement se stand van sake is met betrekking tot die bogenoemde kwessie. Die nuwe werknemers moet bewus wees van die mikro, makro en meso doelwitte van die Departement. Werknemers op distriksvlak van die Onderwys is daar om leiding, beheer en ondersteuning te bied aan die leierskap van die skole. Hierdie is ‘n baie groot verantwoordelikheid wat ‘n werknemer benodig bewus is van die operationele prosedures van die Onderwys Departement. Dit is deur induksie dat die nuwe werknemer ten volle bewus gemaak kan word van waarvoor die organisasie staan. Dit is deur induksie dat die doelwitte, visie, missie, uitdagings, sterk punte en kultuur van die organisasie oorgedra en beklemtoon kan word. Dit waarin die organisasie glo en sy doelwitte moet deur middel van kommunikasie vanaf die intree fase aan die werknemer in die organisasie oorgedra word. Induksie is daarom een van die belangrike aspekte van organisasie-ontwikkeling. Dit is belangrik dat elke nuwe werknemer in ons Suid-Afrikaanse publieke sektor aan ‘n goeie induksieprogram blootgestel word. Hierdie navorsing beoog om riglyne te gee vir die ontwikkeling van die induksieprogram vir die OBOS Suid. Die data vir die emperiese studie was ingesamel deur middel van fokusgroep besprekings, ongestruktureerde onderhoude en ‘n gevallestudie.

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Thesis (MPA (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The democratisation of South Africa on 27 April 1994 marked the beginning of a new era for South Africans in all spheres of society. The new democratic Government of the Republic of South Africa faced numerous challenges, including the transformation of the South African Public Service into a non-discriminatory organisation for both citizens and employees. The pre-1994 South African Public Service functioned as a centralised driven system that negatively discriminated against non-white employees in terms of financial rewards resulting in salary differences between white and non-white employees. The promulgation of the new legislative framework of deconcentration had resulted in the centralised driven South African Public Service system becoming obsolete as it was incompatible with the democratic Government’s vision. The transformation of the South African Public Service was supported through legislation and various directives simultaneously focusing on service delivery improvement as well as implementing new internal systems to address discriminatory practices. The implementation of the EQUATE job evaluation programme within the new legislative framework of deconcentration marked the beginning of a new era of grading post in the Public Service. It had brought an end to the unfair salary differentiation in the Public Service. To render public services effectively and efficiently is a legislative requirement. Political and administrative leaders are responsible for ensuring that both external and internal services are rendered optimally through improvement interventions. In the Provincial Government of the Western Cape (PGWC), the Department of the Premier renders a job evaluation service to all provincial departments to ensure internal consistency in terms of grading of posts. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current process of evaluating posts in the PGWC and subsequently to formulate recommendations to improve the process. The study concludes with a set of recommendations which include amongst others the following: • The devolvement of the job evaluation function to the provincial departments enabling them to conduct their own departmental job evaluations. • The creation of a Job Evaluation Unit in every provincial department. • That the proposed Process Model of evaluating posts in the provincial departments be considered. • It is the responsibility of the Directorate Organisation Development Interventions in the Department of the Premier to co-ordinate the job evaluation process in the Provincial Government of the Western Cape. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die demokratisering van Suid-Afrika op 27 April 1994 was die begin van ‘n nuwe era vir Suid-Afrikaners op alle vlakke van die samelewing. Die demokratiese Regering van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika het verskeie probleme in die gesig gestaar wat onder andere die transformasie van die Suid-Afrikaanse Staatsdiens ingesluit het. Die Staatsdiens moes verander word na ‘n diens wat nie diskrimineer teen nie-blanke burgers of werknemers nie. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Staatsdiens voor 1994 het gefunksioneer as ‘n gesentraliseerde sisteem en het negatief gediskrimineer teen nie-blanke werknemers in terme van besoldigingspakkette wat aanleiding gegee het tot verskille in besoldigingsvlakke. Die promulgering van die nuwe regulatoriese raamwerk van dekonsentrasie het meegebring dat die gesentraliseerde benadering in onbruik verval het, omdat dit teenstrydig was met die visie van ‘n demokratiese Regering. Die transformasie van die Suid-Afrikaanse Staatsdiens is ondersteun deur verskeie wetgewing en mandate wat gefokus het op sowel die verbetering van dienslewering aan burgers as die implementering van nuwe interne sisteme om diskriminerende praktyke aan te spreek. Die implementering van die EQUATE posevalueringsprogram binne die nuwe regulatoriese raamwerk van dekonsentrasie was die begin van ‘n nuwe era van posgradering in die Staatsdiens. Dit het ‘n einde gebring aan die onregverdige besoldigingsvlakke in die Staatsdiens. Die lewering van doelmatige en doeltreffende openbare dienste is ‘n wetlike vereiste. Politieke en administratiewe hoofde is daarvoor verantwoordelik om toe te sien dat alle dienste, intern en ekstern, optimaal gelewer word deur gebruik te maak van verskeie verbeteringsintervensies. Die Departement van die Premier in die Provinsiale Regering van die Wes-Kaap (PRWK) is verantwoordelik vir die lewering van die posevalueringsdiens aan alle provinsiale departemente ten einde konsekwentheid in terme van posgradering te verseker. Die oogmerk van die studie is om die huidige posevalueringsproses in die PRWK te evalueer om sodoende aanbevelings te doen om die proses te verbeter. Die studie is saamgevat met aanbevelings wat onder andere die volgende insluit: • Die afwenteling van die posevalueringsfunksie na elke provinsiale departement; sodat elke departement self verantwoordelik is vir departementele posevaluering. • Die skepping van ‘n Posevaluering Eenheid binne elke provinsiale departement. • Die voorgestelde Proses Model vir die evaluering van poste binne provinsiale departemente oorweeg word. • Die verantwoordelikheid van die Direktoraat Organisasie Ontwikkeling Intervensies in die Departement van die Premier vir die koördinering van die posevalueringsproses binne die Provinsiale Regering van die Wes-Kaap.

D. Tech. (Business, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology / Organisational performance in the public sector has emerged as a critical topic in the post-1994 era in South Africa. This could ostensibly be attributed to the inability of the majority of most public organisations in the country to deliver a satisfactory standard of service to the public. An intense controversy has also emerged the world over on the selection of performance measures that are appropriate for use in public organisations. This debate is actuated by the existence of a multiplicity of performance measurement indices as well as frameworks that can be applied to manage performance in organisations. The existence of these multiple measurement mechanisms tends to confound the entire process of managing organisational performance. Another unresolved controversy focuses on the extent to which various organisational resources impact on organisational performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between organisational performance and three organisational resources; specifically, the human factor, organisational systems and organisational processes. A quantitative design was adopted in which a survey questionnaire was administered to 272 managers and employees of a South African National Government Department. Respondents were selected using a blend of purposive sampling and convenience sampling approaches. Data were analysed using the Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0). Reliabilities were measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the human factors, organisational systems and organisational processes. Spearman’s correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between organisational performance and the sub-elements under each of the three organisational resources. The impacts of each of the three factors on organisational performance were compared using the mean-score ranking technique. Performance of the National Government Department was measured using the four performance yardsticks of the Balanced Scorecard; namely, customer satisfaction, financial performance, innovation and learning, and internal processes The findings of the study revealed that performance of the National Government Department was highest in four strategic areas; which are the promotion of good corporate ethics and values, client satisfaction, service quality and relations with external organisations. However, performance shortfalls were observed in four key areas; namely, organisational speed, attrition of manpower, overloading of employees and the overburdening of divisions with high workloads. Correlation analysis showed that there were positive relationships between organisational performance and the five human factor components; life satisfaction, quality of work life, ability utilisation, creativity and autonomy. Regression analysis indicated that there were significant and predictive relationships between organisational performance and three human factor elements; namely, quality of work life, ability utilisation and life satisfaction. Among the five human factor elements, life satisfaction exerted the greatest impact on organisational performance. Significant, positive and predictive associations were also found between organisational performance and three organisational system factors; quality, innovation and inter-organisational systems, with quality exerting the greatest impact on organisational performance. Significant, positive and predictive relationships were further observed between organisational performance and the four organisational process factors identified in the study; namely, organisational structure, organisational change, team processes and organisational change. Among these, team processes exerted the greatest influence on organisational performance. Overall, the human factor applied the greatest impact on organisational performance, followed by organisational processes with organisational systems having the least impact. Based on these findings, recommendations were made and implications for further studies were suggested. The findings of the study provide empirical confirmation of the effectiveness of the Balanced Scorecard as a tool for the measurement and management of performance in public sector organisations. Additionally, managers in different public organisations may enhance the performance of their organisations by optimising the sub-elements of the three organisational resources examined in this study.