La majeure partie des fibres optiques utilisées dans les domaines des sources optiques et des capteurs sont dites 'fonctionnalisées', c'est à dire qu'elles possèdent des propriétés nouvelles, de par leur nature et/ou leur structure, par rapport aux fibres standards. Pour ce faire, nous allons exploiter la technologie 'Poudre' pour la réalisation de fibres optiques utilisant les propriétés de matrices vitreuses originales développées lors de cette thèse. Trois familles de fibres seront étudier afin de démontrer le fort potentiel de cette association, matériaux – technologie. La première exploitera la structuration de la gaine optique à l'aide de deux barreaux de verre vitreux (type Panda), dopés ou non à l'aide d'oxyde de cuivre. L'étude de cette fibre sera faite depuis la synthèse du matériau jusqu'au test de cette fibre en tant que capteur. La seconde fibre nous amènera à concevoir un verre optique inédit à ce jour, à définir la composition optimale et la décliner sous forme d'une fibre optique incluant ce verre pour le cœur. Enfin le procédé de fabrication de fibres optiques sera utilisé pour réaliser de premières fibres optiques à cœur vitrocéramique, c'est à dire partant d'une matrice vitreuse spécialement développée pour cette application arriver à faire croitre les nanostructures dans le cœur de la fibre et obtenir ainsi une famille de fibre inédite. / The main part of optical fibers used in the fields of optical sources and sensors are called 'functionalised', i.e. they have new properties, due to their nature and/or structure, compared to standard fibers. To do this, we will use 'Powder' technology for the realization of optical fiber using properties of original vitreous glasses developed during this thesis. Three families of optical fibers will be studied in order to demonstrate the great potential of this association, materials - technology. The first exploit the structuring of the cladding with two vitreous glass rods (Panda type) doped or not with copper oxide. The study of this fiber is done from the synthesis of the material up to the test of this fiber as a sensor. The second fiber leads us to design a novel optical glass matrix, to define the optimal composition and decline form of an optical fiber including the glass for the core. Finally, the optical fiber manufacturing process is used to produce optical fiber with glass-ceramic core, i.e. starting from a vitreous matrix specially developed for this application happen to grow the nano-structures in the core of the fiber and obtain a novel fiber family.

Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich im ersten Teil mit der Untersuchung des Einflusses der Prozessgrößen auf die Zielgrößen, Randschichthärtetiefe und die Oberflächenhärte beim Laserhärten. In einem weiteren Kapitel werden die Ergebnisse von verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der laserbasierten Härteverfahren zur Steigerung der Prozessgrenzen dargestellt. Eine Möglichkeit ist das Laserlegieren von kohlenstoffhaltigen Zusatzwerkstoffen, wie zum Beispiel mit Eisencarbid, Eisenchromcarbid oder Glaskohlenstoff. Dazu sind die Einflussgrößen auf die Einhärtetiefe sowie die Schmelzbaddynamik der jeweiligen Werkstoffe analysiert worden. Auf der Basis der neu erworbenen Kenntnisse ist ein Model zur Schichtdickenberechnung und eine numerische Simulation des Laserlegierprozesses entwickelt worden. Eine andere Möglichkeit die Prozessgrenzen zu erweitern ist, in der Arbeit durch das Laserauftragschweißen beschrieben worden. Dabei sind unterschiedliche Düsen und Beschichtungsstrategien zum Einsatz gekommen. Die letzte in der Arbeit beschriebene Methode zur Steigerung der Prozessgrenzen ist das Gaslegieren. Dabei sind Versuche zum Laserhärten unter Stickstoffatmosphäre sowie zum Lasercarbonitrieren als auch Lasercarburieren gemacht worden. Im letzten Kapitel werden konkrete Anwendungsgebiete zum Laserhärten von Powertrain-Komponenten vorgestellt. Dabei werden unterschiedliche Lösungsansätze zum Laserhärten von Bohrlöchern in Flanschwellen und zum Laserhärten der Hohlkehlen von Kurbelwellen aufgezeigt.

Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’étude de l’Interaction mécanique Pastille-Gaine (IPG) se produisant dans les crayons combustibles des réacteurs à eau pressurisée. Ce mémoire porte sur le développement de méthodes de raffinement de maillage permettant de simuler plus précisément le phénomène d’IPG tout en conservant des temps de calcul et un espace mémoire acceptables pour des études industrielles. Une stratégie de raffinement automatique basée sur la combinaison de la méthode multi-grilles Local Defect Correction (LDC) et l’estimateur d’erreur a posteriori de type Zienkiewicz et Zhu est proposée. Cette stratégie s’appuie sur l’erreur fournie par l’estimateur pour détecter les zones à raffiner constituant alors les sous-grilles locales de la méthode LDC. Plusieurs critères d’arrêt sont étudiés afin de permettre de stopper le raffinement quand la solution est suffisamment précise ou lorsque le raffinement n’apporte plus d’amélioration à la solution globale.Les résultats numériques obtenus sur des cas tests 2D élastiques avec discontinuité de chargement permettent d’apprécier l’efficacité de la stratégie proposée.Le raffinement automatique de maillage dans le cas de problèmes de contact unilatéral est ensuite abordé. La stratégie proposée dans ce travail s’étend aisément au raffinement multi-corps à condition d’appliquer l’estimateur d’erreur sur chacun des corps séparément. Un post-traitement est cependant souvent nécessaire pour garantir la conformité des zones de raffinement vis-à-vis des frontières de contact. Une variété de tests numériques de contact entre solides élastiques confirme l’efficacité et la généricité de la stratégie proposée. / This Ph.D. work takes place within the framework of studies on Pellet-Cladding mechanical Interaction (PCI) which occurs in the fuel rods of pressurized water reactor. This manuscript focuses on automatic mesh refinement to simulate more accurately this phenomena while maintaining acceptable computational time and memory space for industrial calculations. An automatic mesh refinement strategy based on the combination of the Local Defect Correction multigrid method (LDC) with the Zienkiewicz and Zhu a posteriori error estimator is proposed. The estimated error is used to detect the zones to be refined, where the local subgrids of the LDC method are generated. Several stopping criteria are studied to end the refinement process when the solution is accurate enough or when the refinement does not improve the global solution accuracy anymore.Numerical results for elastic 2D test cases with pressure discontinuity shows the efficiency of the proposed strategy.The automatic mesh refinement in case of unilateral contact problems is then considered. The strategy previously introduced can be easily adapted to the multibody refinement by estimating solution error on each body separately. Post-processing is often necessary to ensure the conformity of the refined areas regarding the contact boundaries. A variety of numerical experiments with elastic contact (with or without friction, with or without an initial gap) confirms the efficiency and adaptability of the proposed strategy.

En rampe de puissance, le combustible nucléaire est soumis à d'importantes contraintes thermiques et mécaniques, et subit une modification profonde de son environnement chimique. Le combustible contraint fortement la gaine, notamment au niveau des zones inter-pastilles, ce qui, associé au relâchement de produits de fission corrosifs, peut conduire à sa rupture par corrosion sous contraintes. Les évolutions simultanées de la mécanique, de la thermique et de la chimie du combustible sont liées, et participent au bon ou mauvais comportement de l'UO2 en rampe de puissance. L'objectif de ce travail est de modéliser à l'échelle d'une pastille de combustible, l'évolution couplée de la chimie, de la thermique et de la mécanique, et de préciser l'impact de ces couplages sur le comportement de l'UO2 en rampe de puissance. La finalité est d'évaluer un terme source en relâchement d'iode pour alimenter les modèles de corrosion sous contraintes dédiés aux études d'Interaction Pastille-Gaine. / Nuclear fuels under power transient undergo high thermal and mechanical stresses, as well as deep chemical modifications. Stresses on the cladding at the inter-pellet plane due to the pellet thermal expansion, associated to the corrosive fission product release, can lead to clad failures, resulting from a stress corrosion cracking mechanism. The thermal, mechanical and chemical properties of the UO2 irradiated fuel are closely dependent and play a major role on the behavior of the material during a power transient. The aim of this work is to model at the pellet scale the chemical, thermal and mechanical coupled changes of the UO2 fuel during a power transient scenario and to evaluate the consequences on the fuel behavior. The final objective is to obtain an evaluation of the iodine release source term to be used in I-SCC modelling codes dedicated to Pellet-Clad-Interaction studies.

The diploma project proposes The Children´s Sanatorium with Speleotherapy Ostrov u Macochy which is to take place in the Císařská Cave. Site is located close to the mentioned cave in an exposed natural environment adjacent by urban housing which is represented by dispersed detached houses. An ambition of project is connecting an existing down-entrance to Císařská Cave with design new up-entrance, building of speleotherapy and existing development. There is created a new interconnection which respects and supports a local morphology. The building is situated on the end of connector in direct continuity with existing roads and development which suitably complements because of architecture form based on an archetyp of traditional cottage. The complex offers services for rehabilitation, sanatorium, accommodation and sports for childrens clients and general public too. A project intention was an effort to maximize incorporation the volume to feature of town, townscape with gabled roofs and natural surroundings with preservation high users comfort.

The project of the Sports and Leisure Centre Brno is dealing with the issue of creating a well functioning sports and recreational complex in Brno. The main subject of this thesis is a modern multifunctional arena with a capacity of 9 800, which is a part of the complex. The multifunctional arena is located alongside the main composition axis, which stretches from West to East through the Rybníček street to the football stadium. The arena contains dressing rooms for the ice hockey home team and visiting team as well as the youth ice hockey teams. The arena can serve multiple purposes and can be used for other sport and cultural events and as a result it also contains backstage areas and large storage rooms.

In my diploma thesis I document the construction of administrative, commercial and warehouse building in Olomouc. In particular, I deal with selected parts of the construction and technological preparation of the facility. I deal more closely with the technological regulations for the assembly of reinforced concrete skeleton and sheeting. My diploma thesis includes building site design, set of machinery, control and test plans, budget, schedules, personnel and machine deployment, variation of sheet metal finishing and drawing on the budget.

The subject of this thesis is the process of building technical part of the design documentation for the realization of a newly-built restaurant and facilities for Czech fishing union in the village Lačnov. The building consists of two objects interconnected by a connecting neck. The ground floor of the building with a flat roof is used as a restaurant. The restaurant is wheelchair accessible. Public entrance is from the southern side. The entrance for the staff and the supply will be from the east side. Facilities for staff and technical facilities there is in the northern part of the building. On the second floor there is an office, a meeting room and a training room for the Czech fishing union. In the second object with a gabled roof is an apartment for a fishing man and a shop with small fishing equipment. There is also a showers and toilets for the disabled. The technical background is situated in the attic. The house is based on strips foudations. Vertical loadbearing structures above ground are made of Porotherm system, external walls of the basement are made of prefabricated concrete shuttering blocks. Horizontal structures are designed as a monolithic reinforced concrete slab. Building is insulated. Part of the external wall finish are made of silicone plaster and part of it consists of ventilated facade with timber cladding.

The subject of the diploma thesis is solving of the construction project of the administrative building "Educational and consulting center Open Garden of NGO in Brno" The building is designed as three-storey reinforced concrete skeleton with a flat vegetation roof and a light cladding. The diploma thesis includes technological prescriptions for the assembly of the light cladding and for window installation, inspection and quality plans, design of machine assembly, site equipment project, item budget, etc.

The diploma thesis deals with the design of a multifunctional house on the street Křídlovická in the city of Brno. The new building is five-storey with four above-ground and one underground floors. The main entrance is oriented to the southeastern side and adjacent to the northwest side, and a separate entrance to the underground garage in the southwest corner of the designed object. Behind the main entrance is a staircase connecting all floors, after a special entrance for the underground garage is the staircase down into the garage. From the southwest side there are entrances to restaurants and shops, these have staffing and supply entrances and social facilities from the north-east side of the building. A downhill ramp is also located behind the northeast side of the building, from the southwest side are solved areas - restaurant garden, sidewalks and parking areas. In other above-ground floors, open space office spaces with separate meeting rooms, office director, secretary offices, and social facilities on the northeastern side of the floor are designed. Within these floors is proposed continuous greening of the atrium. The supporting system is a monolithic reinforced concrete combined with masonry staircases and a northeast wall. In the basement, the support system is a skeleton in combination with the walls of a lost formwork. Roof flat single-skinned with various inclinations 1-5°