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The recovery of benefits conferred under illegal or immoral transactions : a historical and comparative study with particular emphasis on the law of unjustified enrichmentMeyer-Spasche, Rita Antonie January 2002 (has links)
The thesis deals with the recovery of benefits that have been transferred under illegal or immoral transactions, in particular from the perspective of the law of unjustified enrichment. The rules governing this area of law in all the legal systems that are studied originate in classical Roman law, which principally granted a remedy for the recovery of benefits conferred under a tainted cause (the so-called <i>condictio ob turpem vel iniustam causam</i>). Only where both parties were involved in an immoral transaction was recovery barred, according to the maxim <i>in pari delicto potior est possidentis</i>. However, modern law usually applies the bar to recovery not only to immoral but also to illegal transactions. This extension of the bar, as well as its strict legal consequence of completely barring recovery, can lead to overly harsh results. The comparison of two civilian legal systems, Germany and Italy, will demonstrate modern civilian approaches on how to mitigate the strict consequences of the bar. The study of English law identifies a very different approach to the solution of the same problem. The law of the mixed legal system of Scotland started from a civilian basis in this area. However, it subsequently came under the influence of the common law, which received only the bar to recovery, and developed it into a principle of non-recovery in cases of illegality. The thesis argues that it is undesirable to follow the common law influences in the Scots law of unjustified enrichment. Scots law should rather develop its civilian roots and proceed on the assumption that transfers made under immoral and illegal transactions are recoverable in principle. It is also argued that Scots law has sufficient authority to restrict the <i>pari delicto</i> rule to its original scope and thereby apply the bar to recovery only to cases of mutual turpitude.
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Ulpiano e o estoicismo no direito romano do principadoGuida Neto, José 19 October 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-10-19 / This thesis seeks to demonstrate how, in the Principate (High Roman Empire -
the classic period from 27 BC to 284 AD), Stoic philosophy, absorbed by the
sovereign of Rome, influenced the Roman law. As a guiding principle, we use
the work of the jurist Ulpian in particular its Liber Singularis Regularum and the
Title I of Book I from the Digesta of the Justinian I the Great, emperor of
Easten Roman Empire. The history of the Principate is presented, preceded by
the reasons that led to the end of the Republic, and gave rise this kind of
Roman monarchy. After the presention of the history of the period, there is an
explanation of Stoic thought, with emphasis on the last phase of this ancient
school of philosophy, precisely the one that coincides with the Principate, and
represents the pinnacle of Latin philosophical thought. Once the history of the
period is presented together with the history of philosophy, then it is shown how
classical Roman law absorbed these ideas that were found in legal texts of the
jurist Ulpian. Completing the thesis, there is an explanation on how Ulpian s
philosophy of justice was transmitted by means of the consolidation of Emperor
Justinian "Corpus Juris Civilis" , thereby contributing to the formation of the
Western civilization and, consequently, becoming the basis of Brazilian law / A presente tese busca demonstrar de que modo, durante o Principado (Alto-
Império Romano - período clássico de 27 a.C. até 284 d.C), a filosofia estóica,
absorvida pelos soberanos de Roma, influenciou o Direito Romano. Como fio
condutor do trabalho usa-se a obra do jurisconsulto Ulpiano, em particular o
título I do livro I do Digesto (do Imperador Justiniano I o Grande, Imperador
Romano do Oriente) e seu livro de Regras . Faz-se um relato da história do
Principado, antecedido dos motivos que culminaram com o fim da República e
ensejaram esse gênero de monarquia romana. À história do período segue-se
uma explanação do pensamento estóico com ênfase na última fase antiga de
tal escola filosófica, justamente aquela que coincide com o Principado e
representa o auge do pensamento filosófico latino. Posta a história do período,
e, sobreposta a história da filosofia de então, procura-se demonstrar como o
direito romano clássico absorveu tais ideais que são encontrados nos textos
legais do jurisconsulto Ulpiano. Por fim, segue uma explanação de como a jus
filosofia de Ulpiano foi transmitida graças à consolidação justinianeia do
Corpus Juris Civilis e desse modo contribuindo com a formação da civilização
ocidental e consequentemente tornando-se a base do Direito brasileiro
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