Attempts at treatment and training in correctional institutions have historically preceded the establishment of adequate diagnosis and treatment-planning. Mass work and socialization programmes have generally been instituted in the more treatment-focused correctional systems, not with any realistic assurance that they could be adapted to the individual needs of inmates, but rather because such programmes were considered worthwhile, per se. On the North American continent, new attempts have been made in the past twenty-five years to apply to corrections the principle long-recognized in other treatment fields, i.e., individual diagnosis as the prerequisite to effective treatment. This study briefly reviews the development of correctional classification (diagnosis and treatment-planning) up to the present time, and describes the many penological trends evidenced by this development, in keeping with the various influences of the humanitarians and social scientists. It is suggested, perhaps unconventionally, that the correctional classification process is actually the final step in a series of more general "classifications" by the police, the community, and so forth. Four contemporary classification systems selected for their progressive features are described in detail: (a) the British "Borstal" system, (b) the State of New York, (c) the State of Pennsylvania, and (d) the State of California programmes. These programmes were selected from a wider survey, using the American Prison Association's Directory of Institutions and Manual of Correctional Standards as the criteria for selection. Classification practice within the British Columbia Provincial Gaol Service is next examined and compared with the other systems outlined, for the purposes of assessing the comprehensiveness of the local service and suggesting changes for its improvement. Contributions to classification theory and practice made by social work and related disciplines are evidenced throughout the enquiry. From the systems surveyed, it is apparent that certain features of administration and process are common to all effective classification programmes. Most of these could be incorporated, with appropriate modifications, into existing practice within the Provincial Gaol Service. The possibilities of this development are assessed in the concluding chapter. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

L’interrogation première de cette thèse est issue de questionnements liés à notre activité professionnelle au sein de dispositifs dédiés à l’insertion professionnelle et au maintien en emploi des personnes handicapées. Comment mener des politiques spécifiquement destinées à ce public alors même que la définition de ce qui caractérisait les personnes handicapées n’était pas encore formalisée ? Après avoir fait porter nos analyses sur les limites des classifications actuelles du handicap, sur l’impossibilité de définir le handicap avec la rigueur des classifications scientifiques ou de le définir par le seul recours à la médecine, nous avons envisagé de concevoir le handicap comme une relation singulière entre normes sociales et expérience individuelle. En cela le recours aux premières œuvres de Foucault et à des écrits, pour une bonne part inédits, de Canguilhem nous était d’un grand secours. Ces auteurs nous permettaient de préparer notre formalisation du concept de handicap qui repose sur l’idée centrale de « corps-soi » empruntée à Yves Schwartz. Le handicap est alors considéré comme une expérience singulière du corps-soi à l’épreuve de normes sociales antagoniques. Notre thèse principale était alors la suivante : le concept de handicap peut servir de prisme pour renouveler l’analyse de pratiques humaines et de formes discursives théoriques. Nous l'avons alors soumis à trois procédures de test dans des domaines d’activité et des corpus théoriques pourtant bien connus. Notre thèse ainsi renforcée, nous avons pour finir tenté de proposer un réinvestissement de nos analyses dans les politiques publiques destinées aux personnes handicapées. / The original question this thesis started with arose in the context of our professional activities within organizations dealing with the integration of disabled people in the world of work. How could policies specifically addressed to this public be enforced when the very definition of what characterized disabled people had not yet been formulated? After focusing our analyses on the limits of the current classifications of disabilities, on the impossibility to define disability with the exactness of scientific classifications or by only resorting to medicine, we thought of conceiving disability as a singular relationship between social norms and individual experience. In so doing, Foucault’s first works and mostly unpublished writings by Canguilhem were a great help. These authors allowed us to prepare our formulation of the concept of disability which is based on Yves Schwartz’s central idea of “corps-soi” (body and self together). A disability is then considered as a singular experience of the “body and self” in the face of antagonistic social norms. This view of what disability is lead us then to present our main thesis: disability, considered as a concept, can be used as a prism to renew the analysis of human practices and of theoretical discourse. We then submitted our thesis to three different test procedures, so as to check if, with disability as a starting point, we could renew our understanding of activities and theoretical corpuses, well-known though they may be. We felt the process tended to validate our reflection and eventually made suggestions as to how public policies for the disabled could benefit from our thesis.

Though this current study was initiated independently and was not a test laboratory for the taxonomic sub-committee's evaluative program, the problem outlined in this treatise was also designed in an effort to test certain characteristics of the actinomycetes of both a biochemical and morphological nature. This problem employed methods that might absolve or establish certain criteria for taxonomic use in the group of actinomycetes.

Orientador: Leandro Gustavo de Oliveira / Resumo: Introdução: A classificação de Robson tem sido utilizada para avaliação das taxas de cesáreas no mundo. Recomenda-se que cada localidade adapte a classificação original de acordo com suas necessidades. Objetivos: Analisar os casos de cesáreas realizadas na Maternidade do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu utilizando uma classificação baseada nos 10 grupos de Robson, modificada a partir da inclusão de subgrupos e analisar os resultados a partir das recomendações estabelecidas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Métodos: Foi um estudo prospectivo com pacientes admitidas para assistência ao parto, no período de 01 de junho 2018 e 31 de maio de 2019. Uma planilha foi desenhada para a coleta dos dados e a classificação dos grupos foi elaborada a partir da classificação de Robson, modificada pela inclusão de subgrupos com métodos de indução e momento da indicação da cesárea. Resultados: Foram analisados 1823 partos, sendo 810 (44%) cesáreos. Houve 35,6% de primigestas, 19,5% de uma cesárea prévia e 15,4% de prematuros. O grupo 5, com maior número, teve 435 pacientes (23,8%), seguido do grupo 3, 422 (23,1%) e do grupo 1, 316 (17,3%). O grupo 5 teve maior número de cesáreas, 305 (37,6%). O grupo 2 teve 128 (15,8%). As iterativas totalizaram 19%. Indução do trabalho de parto teve 55,0% de sucesso. Entre pacientes com comorbidades, 60,5% tiveram cesárea. Comorbidades obstétricas mais frequentes foram: pré-eclâmpsia (12,7%), diabetes gestacional (8,4%) e restrição... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Robson classification has been used to assess cesarean section rates worldwide. It is recommended that each location adapts the original classification according to their needs. Objectives: To analyze the cases of cesarean sections performed at the Maternity from the Clinics Hospital from Medical School of Botucatu using a classification based on Robson's 10 groups, modified from the inclusion of subgroups, and to analyze the results from the recommendations established by the World Health Organization. Methods: This was a prospective study with patients admitted for childbirth assistance from June 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019. A spreadsheet was designed for data collection and the classification of groups was elaborated from the classification of Robson, modified by the inclusion of subgroups with methods of induction and the moment of cesarean section indication. Results: 1,823 births were analyzed, 810 (44%) of which were cesarean. There were 35.6% of primiparous women, 19.5% of women with previous cesarean section and 15.4% of premature babies. Group 5, with the largest number, had 435 patients (23.8%), followed by group 3, 422 (23.1%) and group 1, 316 (17.3%). Group 5 had the highest number of cesarean sections, 305 (37.6%). Group 2 had 128 (15.8%). Women with two or more previous cesarean sections totaled 19%. Labor induction was 55.0% successful. Among patients with comorbidities, 60.5% had cesarean sections. Most frequent obstetric comorbidities were: pre-ecl... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Il est maintenant largement accepté que le stress joue un rôle important dans les sociétés modernes. Le stress impacte en effet le corps et l'esprit à différents niveaux. De plus, le lien entre stress et maladie a été observé dans plusieurs études. Cependant, il n'y a pas encore de définition consensuelle du stress, et par conséquent il n'y a pas de manière consensuelle de le mesurer. Ainsi, bien que la qualité de la mesure joue un rôle majeur dans la réalisation de solutions robustes de détection du stress, les chercheurs doivent choisir une stratégie de mesure parmi un grand nombre de possibilités. Cette hétérogénéité impacte la validité des comparaisons faites entre les différentes solutions. Dans cette thèse, nous évaluons l'impact de plusieurs stratégies de mesure pour la détection du stress. Dans un premier temps, nous résumons comment différents domaines de recherche définissent et mesurent le stress. Nous décrivons ensuite comment nous avons collecté des données de sujets en situation stressante ainsi que plusieurs mesures du stress. Nous étudions également les liens entre ces différentes mesures. Par la suite, nous présentons les descripteurs comportementaux et physiologiques que nous avons extraits pour nos expériences. Enfin, nous présentons les résultats obtenus concernant l'impact des stratégies de mesure sur 1) la normalisation de données, 2) la performance des descripteurs pour la classification et 3) sur la conception d'algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique. De manière générale, nous défendons l'idée qu'il faut adopter une approche globale pour concevoir une solution de détection du stress. / It is now widely accepted that stress plays an important role in modern societies. It impacts the body and the mind at several levels and the association between stress and disease has been observed in several studies. However, there is no consensual definition of stress yet, and therefore there is no consensual way of assessing it either. Thus, although the quality of assessment is a key factor to build robust stress detection solutions, researchers have to choose among a wide variety of assessment strategies. This heterogeneity impacts the validity of comparing solutions among them. In this thesis, we evaluate the impact of several assessment strategies for stress detection. We first review how different fields of research define and assess stress. Then, we describe how we collected stress data along with multiple assessments. We also study the association between these assessments. We present the behavioural and physiological features that we extracted for our experiments. Finally, we present the results we obtained regarding the impact of assessment strategies on 1) data normalization, 2) feature classification performance and 3) on the design of machine learning algorithms. Overall, we argue that one has to take a global and comprehensive approach to design stress detection solutions.

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De nombreuses différences existent chez les patients diabétiques quant au type de diabète (type 1 et 2) et au niveau de l’adaptation psychosociale qu’ils manifestent. Le but de cette recherche est d’évaluer la stabilité du MCP-D en comparant la solution de profil des patients diabétiques de type 2 à celle des patients diabétiques de type 1. La stabilité des profils a été évaluée auprès de 168 patients diabétiques, soit 82 de type 1 et 86 de type 2. Les résultats des analyses sur l’appartenance des patients diabétiques aux profils du MCP-D ont démontré que 83% des patients diabétiques de type 1 et 80 % de type 2 ont été assignés à l’un des 3 profils, ce qui permet d’inférer que la solution de profil est relativement stable pour les 2 types de diabète. De plus, aucune différence significative n’a été relevée entre la proportion de patients diabétiques de type 1 et 2 classés dans les profils. La validation externe des profils, utilisant des mesures psychologiques générales et spécifiques et d’autres liées aux activités d’autogestion, démontre que les patients diabétiques de type 1, lorsque assignés à un profil particulier, possèdent les mêmes caractéristiques que ceux de type 2 classés dans le même profil. De plus, les variables socio-démographiques, reliées à l’histoire médicale et la désirabilité sociale ne semble pas être des substitut aux variables psychosociales du MCP-D. La poursuite de la validation a permis de conclure que les 3 profils du MCP-D sont stables pour les différentes maladies que constitue le diabète de type 1 et de type 2 et pourrait donner lieu à des implications cliniques significatives pour le traitement des patients diabétiques.

Deep learning models for scanned document image classification and form understand- ing have made significant progress in the last few years. High accuracy can be achieved by a model with the help of copious amounts of labelled training data for closed-world classification. However, very little work has been done in the domain of fine-grained and head-tailed(class imbalance with some classes having high numbers of data points and some having a low number of data points) open-world classification for documents. Our proposed method achieves a better classification results than the baseline of the head-tail-novel/open dataset. Our techniques include separating the head-tail classes and transferring the knowledge from head data to the tail data. This transfer of knowledge also improves the capability of recognizing a novel category by 15% as compared to the baseline.

This paper describes the implementation of a scanning signal detector and automatic modulation classification system. The classification technique is a completely blind method, with no prior knowledge of the signal's center frequency, bandwidth, or symbol rate. An energy detector forms the initial approximations of the signal parameters. The energy detector used in the wideband sweep is reused to obtain fine estimates of the center frequency and bandwidth of the signal. The subsequent steps reduce the effect of frequency offset and sample timing error, resulting in a constellation of the modulation of interest. The cumulant of the constellation is compared to a set of known ideal cumulant values, forming the classification estimate. The algorithm uses two platforms that together provide high speed parallel processing and flexible run-time operation. High-rate spectral scanning using an energy detector is run in parallel with a variable down sampling path; both are highly pipelined structures, which allows for high data throughput. A pair of processing cores is used to record spectral usage and signal characteristics as well as perform the actual classification. The resulting classification system can accurately identify modulations below 5 dB of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for some cases of the phase shift keying family of modulations but requires a much higher SNR to accurately classify higher-order modulations. These estimates tend toward classifying all signals as binary phase shift keying because of limits of the noise power estimation part of the cumulant normalization process. Other effects due to frequency offset and synchronization timing are discussed. / Master of Science