Orientador : Jefferson Sidney Camacho / Banca: Luiz Roberto Prudêncio Júnior / Banca: José Antônio Matthiesen / Resumo: Com a finalidade de contribuir para um melhor entendimento sobre a distribuição das ações verticais entre paredes de edifícios de alvenaria estrutural de blocos cerâmicos, foi desenvolvido no presente trabalho uma série de ensaios que visam a análise da eficiência de dois tipos de ligações usuais entre paredes: as ligações de amarração direta (contrafiada) e as ligações com amarração indireta, através de grampos metálicos e graute. Para a consecução desses objetivos foram desenvolvidos diferentes programas experimentais, que contemplaram desde a caracterização das propriedades mecânicas dos componentes da alvenaria (blocos, argamassa, graute e aço) até a ensaios em corpos-de-prova (paredes "H") representativos das formas de ligações em estudo. Com o objetivo de se encontrar correlações com estes tipos de ligações, foram desenvolvidos, em paralelo, ensaios de cisalhamento em unidades (blocos) e ensaios em prismas especiais, aqui chamados prismas cavaletes. Por fim, os resultados experimentais obtidos no presente trabalho foram comparados com os resultados encontrados em modelos reduzidos, nas escalas 1:3 e 1:5, obtidos da revisão bibliográfica. / Abstract: With the intend to contribute for a better understanding about the vertical loads spreading between the ceramic blocks walls of a structural masonry building, it was developed within the present work a series of tests aiming the analysis of the efficiency of two usual walls connections, one directly connected (stretcher, bond) and the other indirectly connected throughout steel staples and grout. For the attainment of these objectives it was developed different experimental programs, which contemplated since the mechanical properties characterization of the masonry componentes (blocks, mortar, grout and steel) until the tests on the studying connections representative specimen ("H" walls). Aiming to find the correlations for these types of connections, it was also developed, in parallel, shearing tests on the units (blocks) and tests on special prisms, called here by "rack prisms". At the end, the experimental results obtained upon the present work were matched with the found small-scale results, on the (1:3) and (1:5) scales, obtained from the bibliographic revision. / Mestre

The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the behavior of clay prisms grouted, partially grouted and ungrouted under compression loads in order to analyze the influence and performance of the grout, as well as to seek how to optimize its applicability. For that, testing was done with different grouts and grouting ratios. The testing was done in 120 prisms under simple axial compression load, where sets of prisms had two different types of mortar (A1 and A2), three different grouts (G1, G2 e G3) and four different ratios of grouted cavities (0%, 33%, 66% e 100%). For this testing, all the materials and components were previously characterized. Based on experimental data, the analysis of the results was done taking into account the different sets of prisms grouping them according to their mortar, grout and grouting ratio. The variance analysis for the sample was done in order to prove the existence of significant differences among the various group combinations. It was also performed a comparison among the data found and results gathered by other researchers. Another investigation was done regarding the fracture behavior of prisms and the influence of interactions among block, mortar and grout was observed. Through the analysis of the results, some of the conclusions regarding the behavior of prisms were: the importance of the mortar s strength for the compression strength of the prisms; the increase in the strength of the grout does not indicate a significant increase in the prisms strength; the significant increase in the prisms strength is noticed only when the totality of the prisms cavities are grouted. Overall, the use of masonry walls with partially grouted cavities is efficient if properly used. For that, the types of grout and mortar must be suitable to and in accordance with the mechanical behavior of the blocks used. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar o comportamento de prismas de blocos cerâmicos grauteados, parcialmente grauteados e não-grauteados sob a ação de cargas de compressão para que se possa analisar a influência e o desempenho do graute e buscar sua otimização. Para tanto, foram realizados ensaios experimentais de prismas com diferentes tipos de grautes e porcentagens de grauteamento. O método de pesquisa compreendeu o ensaio de compressão axial simples de 120 prismas contrafiados de blocos cerâmicos com a utilização de dois tipos de argamassa (A1 e A2), três tipos de grautes (G1, G2 e G3) e quatro diferentes porcentagens de células grauteadas (0%, 33%, 66% e 100%), onde todos os materiais e componentes empregados foram previamente caracterizados. Com base nos dados experimentais foi realizada uma análise dos resultados obtidos, por tipo de argamassa, tipo de graute e porcentagem de grauteamento utilizados. Para comprovar a existência de diferenças significativas entre as várias combinações de prismas ensaiados, foi feita a análise de variância da amostra ensaiada. De posse destes resultados, foram feitas comparações com resultados obtidos por outros autores. Também observou-se, neste trabalho, os modos de ruptura dos prismas e foi constatada a influência das interações entre bloco, argamassa e graute neste comportamento. Através da análise dos resultados pôde-se chegar a conclusões sobre o comportamento dos prismas, como: a importância da resistência da argamassa na resistência à compressão dos prismas; um aumento não significativo de resistência dos prismas ao aumentar a resistência do graute; e um ganho efetivo de resistência dos prismas somente ao terem a totalidade de suas células grauteadas. De modo geral, conclui-se que a utilização do grauteamento parcial em painéis de alvenaria é eficiente desde que seja utilizado de forma adequada, havendo compatibilização da dosagem de traços de grautes e argamassas com as características mecânicas dos blocos utilizados.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-06-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:52:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_wj_me_ilha_prot.pdf: 5977807 bytes, checksum: b69a53f6ef92790ab2c12e142ddde420 (MD5) / Com a finalidade de contribuir para um melhor entendimento sobre a distribuição das ações verticais entre paredes de edifícios de alvenaria estrutural de blocos cerâmicos, foi desenvolvido no presente trabalho uma série de ensaios que visam a análise da eficiência de dois tipos de ligações usuais entre paredes: as ligações de amarração direta (contrafiada) e as ligações com amarração indireta, através de grampos metálicos e graute. Para a consecução desses objetivos foram desenvolvidos diferentes programas experimentais, que contemplaram desde a caracterização das propriedades mecânicas dos componentes da alvenaria (blocos, argamassa, graute e aço) até a ensaios em corpos-de-prova (paredes H) representativos das formas de ligações em estudo. Com o objetivo de se encontrar correlações com estes tipos de ligações, foram desenvolvidos, em paralelo, ensaios de cisalhamento em unidades (blocos) e ensaios em prismas especiais, aqui chamados prismas cavaletes. Por fim, os resultados experimentais obtidos no presente trabalho foram comparados com os resultados encontrados em modelos reduzidos, nas escalas 1:3 e 1:5, obtidos da revisão bibliográfica. / With the intend to contribute for a better understanding about the vertical loads spreading between the ceramic blocks walls of a structural masonry building, it was developed within the present work a series of tests aiming the analysis of the efficiency of two usual walls connections, one directly connected (stretcher, bond) and the other indirectly connected throughout steel staples and grout. For the attainment of these objectives it was developed different experimental programs, which contemplated since the mechanical properties characterization of the masonry componentes (blocks, mortar, grout and steel) until the tests on the studying connections representative specimen (H walls). Aiming to find the correlations for these types of connections, it was also developed, in parallel, shearing tests on the units (blocks) and tests on special prisms, called here by rack prisms. At the end, the experimental results obtained upon the present work were matched with the found small-scale results, on the (1:3) and (1:5) scales, obtained from the bibliographic revision.

<p>Istraživanje u okviru doktorske disertacije obuhvata analizu mogućnosti<br />primene reciklaže otpadnog ambalažnog stakla radi dobijanja novog<br />proizvoda. Sa ciljem iznalaženja potencijalnog rešenja za postojeći problem<br />u oblasti upravljanja otpadnom staklenom ambalažom u Srbiji i načina za<br />poboljšanje održivosti u oblasti industrijske proizvodnje, testirana je<br />upotreba drobljenog otpadnog stakla u formi praha, kao sekundarne sirovine<br />u proizvodnji blokova od gline u ciglani. U skladu sa dobijenim<br />eksperimentalnim rezultatima i zaključkom da je 30% optimalna masena<br />količina staklenog praha koja može da se meša sa glinom kod praktične<br />proizvodnje blokova dobrog kvaliteta, razvijen je model, baziran na podacima<br />koji se odnose na konkretan primer. Rezultati modela u okviru analize<br />uticaja procesa proizvodnje blokova sa staklenim reciklatom na životnu<br />sredinu, kao i rezultati analize uticaja na cenu proizvodnje blokova<br />upotrebom staklenog reciklata, predstavljaju značajan doprinos kompletnom<br />sprovedenom istraživanju i usmeravaju na dalji tok istraživanja u oblasti<br />upotrebe otpada kao resursa u industrijskoj proizvodnji.</p> / <p>The research within doctoral dissertation includes a possibility analysis of applying<br />waste glass containers recycling in the production of new product. In order to find a<br />potential solution for the existing problem in the waste glass container management<br />in Serbia and to find a way to improve sustainability in the field of industrial<br />production, the use of waste glass cullet in powder form as a secondary raw material<br />in the clay block production was tested. In accordance with the obtained<br />experimental results and the conclusion that 30 wt. % is the optimal glass cullet<br />amount which can be mixed with clay in the practical production of good quality<br />blocks, a model, based on data related to the concrete example, has been developed.<br />The results of environmental impact assessment of clay/glass blocks production and<br />its costs, represent a significant contribution for complete research and focus on a<br />further research course in the field of waste utilization as a resource in industrial<br />production.</p>

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise comparativa com três tipos de ligações entre paredes de alvenaria estrutural submetidas a ações verticais. O primeiro tipo de ligação é feito através de amarração direta de paredes de alvenaria. O segundo por amarração indireta solidarizada por telas metálicas e o terceiro, também com amarração indireta, porém, enrijecida por grampos metálicos ancorados em furos grauteados. O estudo é baseado em resultados obtidos por meio de um programa experimental realizado no laboratório de estruturas da EESC-USP. Os modelos utilizados são paredes em formato H, com cinco fiadas, em escala reduzida 1:3, os quais foram propostos por Capuzzo Neto (2005). A partir da análise experimental é obtida a resistência ao cisalhamento da interface no plano vertical de ligação entre a parede central e o flange todos os modelos ensaiados. Conclui-se que os modelos com amarração direta possuem maiores resistências ao cisalhamento, o que reforça o fenômeno da interação de paredes submetidas a ações verticais, além de apresentarem forma de ruptura caracterizada como frágil. Os modelos com amarração indireta, tanto com telas quanto com grampos, possuem resistências ao cisalhamento aproximadamente igual a 60% da encontrada para amarração direta, contudo, apresentam ruptura dúctil, com destaque para a ligação com grampos. / This work presents a comparative analysis of three types of connections between structural masonry walls under vertical loads. The first type is a set of running bond interconnected masonry walls. The second connection is obtained by means of steel meshes and the third, also stack bond, is hardened by metallic staples anchored in grouted holes. The study is based on an experimental program carried out in the laboratory of structures of the EESC-USP. The test specimens are H shaped third scale walls, with five courses, as proposed by Capuzzo Neto (2005). The experimental analysis allows for the evaluation of the shear strength of the vertical interface between the central wall and the flanges. The study shows that the models with running bond provide the largest shear strength, which corroborates the phenomenon of the walls’ interaction under vertical loads, and a fragile failure type. Both the stack bond specimens present a shear strength of roughly 60% of the running bond type, with ductile failure, specially for the stapled connection.

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise comparativa com três tipos de ligações entre paredes de alvenaria estrutural submetidas a ações verticais. O primeiro tipo de ligação é feito através de amarração direta de paredes de alvenaria. O segundo por amarração indireta solidarizada por telas metálicas e o terceiro, também com amarração indireta, porém, enrijecida por grampos metálicos ancorados em furos grauteados. O estudo é baseado em resultados obtidos por meio de um programa experimental realizado no laboratório de estruturas da EESC-USP. Os modelos utilizados são paredes em formato H, com cinco fiadas, em escala reduzida 1:3, os quais foram propostos por Capuzzo Neto (2005). A partir da análise experimental é obtida a resistência ao cisalhamento da interface no plano vertical de ligação entre a parede central e o flange todos os modelos ensaiados. Conclui-se que os modelos com amarração direta possuem maiores resistências ao cisalhamento, o que reforça o fenômeno da interação de paredes submetidas a ações verticais, além de apresentarem forma de ruptura caracterizada como frágil. Os modelos com amarração indireta, tanto com telas quanto com grampos, possuem resistências ao cisalhamento aproximadamente igual a 60% da encontrada para amarração direta, contudo, apresentam ruptura dúctil, com destaque para a ligação com grampos. / This work presents a comparative analysis of three types of connections between structural masonry walls under vertical loads. The first type is a set of running bond interconnected masonry walls. The second connection is obtained by means of steel meshes and the third, also stack bond, is hardened by metallic staples anchored in grouted holes. The study is based on an experimental program carried out in the laboratory of structures of the EESC-USP. The test specimens are H shaped third scale walls, with five courses, as proposed by Capuzzo Neto (2005). The experimental analysis allows for the evaluation of the shear strength of the vertical interface between the central wall and the flanges. The study shows that the models with running bond provide the largest shear strength, which corroborates the phenomenon of the walls’ interaction under vertical loads, and a fragile failure type. Both the stack bond specimens present a shear strength of roughly 60% of the running bond type, with ductile failure, specially for the stapled connection.

The subject of this thesis is the development of project documentation for the construction design of the mixed-use building in Třebíč, in the borough of Na Kopcích. The building has four above-ground floors. On the first floor there are shops, specifically a hairdresser and a café, and the technical background of the house. The second to fourth floors are made up of residential units and a storeroom is built to each apartment on the floor. There are 4 flats 2 + kk, 4 flats 3 + kk and 3 flats 4 + kk. The roof structure is designed as a warm flat green roof. Construction system is wall, masonry from clay blocks.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the design documentation for the construction of low-energy building. This is a hotel komplex, which is located in the city of Brno-Bohunice. The hotel has four floors, no basement and a warm flat roof. On the ground floor there is a hotel restaurant with facilities for employees, main hall, social facilities, wellness and technical facilities. The part of first floor consists of conference halls and a gym. In other parts of hotel are designed 47 guest rooms. Two guest rooms are for people with reduced mobility. The accommodation capacity of the hotel is 82 people. There are uncovered parking spaces for cars and one bus, tennis courts and a hotel garden on the plot. The structural system is combined with reinforced concrete columns and brick blocks. Horizontal structures are designed as cast-in-place reinforced concrete floor. The construction is based on foundation pad and strip foundation. The external wall is built from hollow clay blocks and insulated with external thermal insulation composite systém. The diploma thesis is processed to the extent of design documentation for construction.

The main subject of my diploma thesis is creating a design documentation for the construction of a hotel. The hotel has its own restaurant and is situated in the northern outskirts of Žďár nad Sázavou. The building is located on a slightly sloping terrain with small green vegetation. The hotel is three-story with partial basement. It is roofed with a pitched roof. The hotel meets the requirements of comfort star (***) in hotel rating. The accommodation capacity is 58 people placed into 13 rooms. Two rooms are designed to be accessible for people with reduced mobility and orientation. The rooms are located on the first and second floor. On the ground floor, there is an entrance hall with reception and toilets for the guests from the restaurant. In the south-western part of the hotel are located staff facilities such as a kitchen facility or a place of supply. The north-western part of the building is designed for the management and support areas. The building is designed to respect local regulations and construction principles. With its architectural design, the building completely fits into the surrounding landscape and does not disturb its character in any way.

The subject of the diploma thesis is processing of the technical part of the project documentation for the new three-storey home for elderly with partial basement, which is located in the village Ořechov. The object is situated on a flat terrain, which is situated little bit higher than local road. That was used for an architectonic conception of the house –basement is open and accessible by local road from the north side, the rest is under ground. The detached building is partly roofed by a flat green roof and partly roofed by flat roof covered with gravel. The object is divided into individual areas. In the second and third floor is living and social area. 11 dwelling units of different sizes are designed. First floor is also accessible to the public and together with entrance hall and reception, which is situated in the middle of the object with the main entrance on the east side, there are another two separate areas. The left wing serves as a medical department, in the right wing is cofé with his own staff facilities. In the basement is a utility room and storage areas.