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Effects Of Climate Change On Biodiversity: A Case Study On Four Plant Species Using Distribution ModelsBeton, Damla 01 July 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Conservation strategies are mainly focused on species existing in an environment shaped by natural and anthropogenic pressures. Yet, evidence shows that climate is changing faster than ever and expected to continue to change in the near future, which can be devastating for plants with restricted ranges.
Turkey harbors many endemic species that might be affected from these changes. However, available data is scarce and biased, complicating the anticipation of future changes. Aim of this study is to improve our understanding of endemic species distributions and forecasting effects of climate change via species distribution modelling (SDM).
The study is based on two Anatolian (Crocus ancyrensis and Crataegus tanacetifolia) and two Ankara (Salvia aytachii and Centaurea tchihatcheffii) endemics. Independent presence and absence data (ranging between 19-68 and 38-61, respectively) for each species was collected through fieldwork in and around the Upper Sakarya Basin in 2008 and 2009.
With the software Maxent, SDMs were performed by using 8 least correlated environmental features and random presence records (of which 25% were used for confusion matrix). SDMs for current distributions of C. ancyrensis, C. tchihatcheffii and C. tanacetifolia were reliable enough for future extrapolations despite errors originating from scale, non-equilibrium status and biotic interactions, respectively. The model for S. aytachii failed due to absence of limiting factor (soil type) in the model.
Future projections of those three species modelled using CCCMA-CGCM2 and HADCM3 climate models indicated three possible responses to climate change: (1) Extinction, especially for habitat specialists / (2) Range expansion, especially for generalist species / and (3) Range contradiction, especially for Euro-Siberian mountainous species.
Species modelling can be used to understand possible responses of plant species to climate change in Turkey. Modelling techniques should to be improved, however,
especially by integrating other parameters such as biotic interactions and through a better understanding of uncertainties.
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Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity - The Setting of a Lingering Global CrisisRinawati, Fitria, Stein, Katharina, Lindner, André January 2013 (has links)
Climate change has created potential major threats to global biodiversity. The multiple components of climate change are projected to affect all pillars of biodiversity, from genes over species to biome level. Of particular concerns are "tipping points" where the exceedance of ecosystem thresholds will possibly lead to irreversible shifts of ecosystems and their functioning. As biodiversity underlies all goods and services provided by ecosystems that are crucial for human survival and wellbeing, this paper presents potential effects of climate change on biodiversity, its plausible impacts on human society as well as the setting in addressing a global crisis. Species affected by climate change may respond in three ways: change, move or die. Local species extinctions or a rapidly affected ecosystem as a whole respectively might move toward its particular "tipping point", thereby probably depriving its services to human society and ending up in a global crisis. Urgent and appropriate actions within various scenarios of climate change impacts on biodiversity, especially in tropical regions, are needed to be considered. Foremost a multisectoral approach on biodiversity issues with broader policies, stringent strategies and programs at international, national and local levels is essential to meet the challenges of climate change impacts on biodiversity.
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Monitoring Klimawandel und Biodiversität - GrundlagenWinter, Marten, Musche, Martin, Kühn, Ingolf, Striese, Michael 10 April 2014 (has links)
Der Einfluss des Klimawandels auf die Biodiversität wird wahrscheinlich zunehmen. Das zeigen Modellierungen der zukünftigen Verbreitungsgebiete von klimasensitiven Arten und Biotoptypen. In der Broschüre werden die Grundlagen eines Monitoringkonzeptes zur Erfassung und Auswertung der Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf die natürliche biologische Vielfalt in Sachsen vorgestellt. Sie umfassen u. a. die Ziele und Rechtsgrundlagen eines solchen Monitorings, diesbezügliche Aktivitäten des Bundes und ausgewählter Bundesländer sowie den Kenntnisstand zu Wirkungen des Klimawandels auf 13 Artengruppen und auf Biotoptypen. 272 klimasensitive Arten und 32 entsprechende FFH-Lebensraumtypen (LRT) wurden als besonders monitoringrelevant ausgewählt und deren Verbreitung in Sachsen untersucht. Für diese Arten und LRT, die sowohl wahrscheinliche »Gewinner« als auch »Verlierer« des Klimawandels umfassen, werden die geeigneten Monitoringmethoden beschrieben.
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Monitoring Klimawandel und Biodiversität - KonzeptionWiemers, Martin, Musche, Martin, Winter, Marten, Kühn, Ingolf, Striese, Michael, Denner, Maik 10 April 2014 (has links)
Die im Heft 24 der Schriftenreihe präsentierten Grundlagen werden im vorliegenden Heft 25 zu einer Konzeption vervollständigt. Teilbereiche der folgenden bestehenden Monitoringprogramme sind für eine Einbeziehung in das konzipierte Monitoring Klimawandel und Biodiversität besonders geeignet: FFH-, SPA-, Tagfalter-, Brutvogel- und Wasserrahmenrichtlinien-Monitoring sowie Forstliches Umweltmonitoring. Es werden acht Module vorgestellt, welche bestehende Monitoringprogramme für ein umfassendes Klimawandel-Biodiversitätsmonitoring ergänzen bzw. bisher nicht untersuchte Aspekte abdecken können. Für die Auswertung der Daten wurden zwei komplexe Kernindikatoren entwickelt und anhand realer Datensets getestet, der Community Temperature Index (CTI) und der Areal Index (AI). Beide zeigen für die Artengruppen der Tagfalter und Libellen innerhalb Sachsens einen Anstieg, der unterstreicht, dass die Erhöhung der Jahresmitteltemperaturen in den letzten Jahrzehnten bereits zu Veränderungen in diesen Artengemeinschaften geführt hat.
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