L'enseignement du raisonnement clinique infirmier (RCI) est une préoccupation importante des formateurs en sciences infirmières depuis plusieurs années. Les étudiantes en sciences infirmières éprouvent des difficultés à formuler des hypothèses cliniques, à savoir trouver les explications pouvant justifier la coexistence d'une combinaison de données cliniques. Pourtant, la formulation d’hypothèses constitue une étape déterminante du RCI. Dans cette étude qualitative exploratoire, nous avons mis à l'essai une activité d'apprentissage par vignette clinique courte (AVCC) qui fournit aux étudiantes l'occasion d'exercer spécifiquement la formulation d'hypothèses cliniques. L'étude visait à documenter la capacité d'étudiantes de troisième année au baccalauréat en sciences infirmières à formuler des hypothèses cliniques durant l'activité. Dix-sept étudiantes ont été recrutées par convenance et divisées en groupes selon leurs disponibilités. Au total, quatre séances ont eu lieu. Les participantes étaient invitées à réfléchir à une vignette clinique courte et à construire un algorithme qui incluait: 1) leurs hypothèses concernant la nature du problème clinique, 2) les éléments d'informations essentiels à rechercher pour vérifier chaque hypothèse et 3) les moyens pour trouver ces informations. L'observation participante, l'enregistrement audio-vidéo et un questionnaire auto-administré ont servi à collecter les données. Les stratégies de RCI décrites par Fonteyn (1998) ont servi de cadre théorique pour guider l’analyse, sous forme de matrices comprenant des verbatims et des notes de terrain. Les résultats suggèrent que l'AVCC stimule la formulation d'hypothèses cliniques et la réactivation des connaissances antérieures. Cette activité pourrait donc être utile en complément d'autres activités éducatives pour favoriser le développement du RCI chez les étudiantes en sciences infirmières. / Teaching and learning clinical reasoning has been a major concern amongst nurse educators for many years. Hypothesis generation is a critical milestone in clinical nursing reasoning which students are still struggling with at the end of their program. In a qualitative exploratory study, we tested a vignette-based activity to provide to the students an opportunity to specifically practice hypotheses generation. The study aimed at documenting nursing student’s capacity to formulate hypotheses during the activity. Seventeen nursing students in the last semester of their program were recruited by convenience and grouped accordingly to their availability to participate. The activity was held four times. Participants were asked to focus on a brief clinical vignette and to build an algorithm that would include 1) their hypotheses regarding the nature of the problem, 2) the essential pieces of information to collect in order to verify each hypothesis, and 3) the way the information was to be found. The combined methods used for data collection were participative observation, videotaping the activity and a written questionnaire immediately after the activity. Data were then classified in matrices in the form of verbatim and notes using clinical nursing reasoning skills described by Fonteyn (1998) as the theoretical framework. Results suggest that the vignette-based activity does stimulate students to formulate hypotheses. It also stimulates sharing and recollection of knowledge amongst students. This type of activity could therefore be useful in promoting the development of clinical reasoning as a complement to other educative activities used in nursing education programs.

A pesquisa tem como objetivos identificar e analisar a incidência de úlcera de pressão (UP), identificar os fatores de risco a ela relacionados e investigar a validade preditiva da escala de Braden, numa amostra de 53 pacientes internados no Centro de Terapia Intensiva (CTI) de um hospital universitário do interior paulista, durante 3 meses consecutivos. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Intituição. Os dados foram coletados pelo exame físico dos pacientes, na avaliação do risco na escala de Braden, entrevistas com os pacientes e/ou familiares e revisão dos prontuário. As avaliações foram realizadas até 24 horas após a admissão, 48 horas após a admissão e, posteriormente, em dias alternados até à detecção da presença de úlcera, de alta ou óbito do paciente. Vinte pacientes desenvolveram 59 úlceras no período, acarretando uma incidência de 37%. As localizações mais comuns foram a região dos calcâneos (42,4%), sacrococcígea (30,5%) e glúteos (11,8%). Houve predomínio de úlceras no estágio I (59,3%) não sendo observadas úlceras em estágio IV. Nas seis primeiras avaliações os pacientes com úlcera de pressão obtiveram escores menores na escala de Braden que os sem Up, com diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. Os escores das subescalas percepção sensorial, atividade, mobilidade, fricção e cisalhamento foram na maioria das avaliações menores para os pacientes com UP com diferença estatisticamente significantes, o que não ocorreu nas sub-escalas umidade e nutrição. Dentre outros fatores investigados, a respiração controlada por aparelho e saída por alta e óbito apresentaram relacionamento com presença de úlcera de pressão. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o tempo de internação hospitalar e no CTI, entre os grupos, sendo esses superiores para os pacientes com UP. Os resultados dos testes para investigar a validade preditiva da escala de Braden apontaram que, na primeira avaliação, o escore 14 obteve elevada sensibilidade e validade preditiva para teste negativo, porém, a especificidade e validade preditiva para teste positivo foram inferiores. Na segunda e terceira avaliação, a escala demonstrou um melhor desempenho nos testes de validação para os escores 13 e 12, respectivamente. / The research had as objectives to identify and analyze pressure ulcer incidence, to identify related risk factors and investigating the predictive validity of the Braden scale in a sample of 53 patients hospitalized in an Intensive Care Center (ICC) of an university hospital during 3 months. The study was approved by the institution Ethical Research Committee. Data were collected by physical examination, by the application of the Braden scale, patient and family member interviews and by review of patient records. Evaluation were done within 24 hours of admission at the ICC, 48 hours after that and subsequently every other day until the observation of pressure ulcer development, hospital discharge or death of patient. Twenty patients developed 59 pressure ulcers, an index of incidence of 37.7%. The ulcers were located predominantly on heels (42.4%), sacral and coccyx region (30.5%) (30.5%) and buttocks (11.8%). Most of ulcers were on stage I (59.3%) and there was no ulcer on stage IV. On the six first evaluations, patients with pressure ulcers had lower scores in Braden scale than patients without pressure ulcers with significant statistical differences between groups. Scores of sub-scales of sensory perception, activity, mobility, friction and shear were in most of evaluation lower to patients with pressure ulcer with significant statistical differences between groups what did not occur to the sub-scales moisture and nutrition. Among other factors that were investigated, use of mechanical respiration and leaving the ICC because of hospital discharge or death were related to having a pressure ulcer. There were significant differences related to length of hospitalization and length of permanence on ICC between groups when for patients with pressure ulcer both were longer. The results of the tests to investigate the predictive validity of the Braden scale showed that on the first evaluation the score 14 was a score that had a high sensitivity and predictive validity for a negative test however the specificity and predictive validity for a positive test were lower. On the second and third evaluation the scale showed a better performance on predictive validity tests for the 13 and 12 scores respectively.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-16T13:26:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jéssica Guimarães Rodrigues - 2018.pdf: 4231969 bytes, checksum: 7cd99fc018c0461eb571ee4a66eb3bbc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-16T13:27:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jéssica Guimarães Rodrigues - 2018.pdf: 4231969 bytes, checksum: 7cd99fc018c0461eb571ee4a66eb3bbc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-16T13:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jéssica Guimarães Rodrigues - 2018.pdf: 4231969 bytes, checksum: 7cd99fc018c0461eb571ee4a66eb3bbc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-16 / Hemodialysis is the most common category of kidney replacement therapy set for chronical kidney disease. In order to perform this treatment it’s needed a vascular access (VA) that offers an adequate flow rate, a long use-life and a low rate of complications. The Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) is the closest access to meet these requirements. It can, however, present complications and, during the cannulation that usually happens three times per week, adverse events (AE) can occur to the patient. The arteriovenous fistula cannulation must happen with safety in order to prevent future patency problems. There are three methods of cannulation: area, rope ladder and buttonhole. In the area method, the insertion points of the needles are in the same area; in the rope ladder method there’s the varying of the place of the puncture, at a distance defined by the previous puncture, all along the VA; and in the buttonhole method, the needle’s insertion happen in the same place, angle and deepness, forming a subcutaneous tunnel that will be cannulated with the blunt needle. Each one of these methods has its own particularity and can influence in the need to repair the fistula. This is a prospective cohort study, during the course of six months, from April to September of 2017, conducted with the participation of 347 patients using the vascular access by autologous arteriovenous fistula, within three hemodialysis clinics in the city of Goiânia - GO. The data collection happened by weekly interview to the patients, using a structured instrument online. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee and the participation conditioned to signing of the consent form by the patient. The general objective was to analyze the factors that can influence in the necessity to repair the arteriovenous fistula of patients in hemodialytic treatment cannulated by different cannulation methods. The specific objective was to relate the adverse events and complications in the different arteriovenous fistula cannulation methods. We’ve found that in the buttonhole method, the most frequent AE was dermatitis and misscannulation, and in the area/rope-ladder methods, the most frequent AE were haematoma and peri-punction bleeding. The patients in the buttonhole method group received the hemodialytic treatment with a higher blood flow compared the other group. We’ve observed that the dual lumen catheter (DLC) is a predictor to the need of AVF repairments, due to enhancing in 28% the risk of need for AFV repair. The “arterial” retrograde cannulation has presented itself as a protection factor, diminishing the need to AVF repairments in 1%. In conclusion, the buttonhole method is recommended, since there is an intermittent surveillance of the arteriovenous fistula by the nurse in the touching exam. The area method is not recommended, and the rope ladder method should be individually evaluated in future studies. The nurse must act by monitoring the AFV, surveillance of the patency parameters and health education to the patients for the AVF self-care, as well as continued education to the nursing team in order to promote safe and scientifically based practices. / A hemodiálise é a modalidade de terapia renal substitutiva mais comumente instituída para a doença renal crônica. Para esse tratamento é necessário um acesso vascular que ofereça fluxo sanguíneo adequado à necessidade dialítica, meia vida longa e baixo índice de complicações. A fístula arteriovenosa é o acesso que mais se aproxima desses requisitos. Porém, não obstante, pode apresentar complicações, e durante as punções, que comumente se repetem três vezes por semana, pode haver eventos adversos (EA) ao paciente. A punção da fístula arteriovenosa deve ser realizada com segurança a fim de prevenir futuros problemas de perviedade. Há três métodos de punção: regional, escada de corda, e buttonhole. No método regional, os pontos de inserção das agulhas são na mesma região; no método escada de corda, há rotação do sítio de punção, a uma distância definida a partir da anterior ao longo de todo o AV; e no buttonhole, a inserção da agulha é no mesmo local, ângulo e profundidade, formando de um túnel subcutâneo que será puncionado com agulha romba. Cada um desses métodos tem sua particularidade e podem influenciar na necessidade para reparos na fístula. Este é um estudo longitudinal de coorte prospectiva, no período de seis meses, abril a setembro de 2017, realizado com 347 pacientes em hemodiálise usando acesso vascular por fístula arteriovenosa autóloga, em três clínicas satélites do município de Goiânia - GO. A coleta de dados foi por entrevista semanal aos pacientes, por meio de instrumento estruturado online. A pesquisa foi aprovada por comitê de ética, e a participação condicionada à assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido do paciente. O objetivo geral foi analisar fatores que influenciam na necessidade de reparo à fístula arteriovenosa de pacientes em hemodiálise puncionados por distintos métodos de punção. E os objetivos específicos foram identificar e relacionar os eventos adversos e complicações em distintos métodos de punção da fístula arteriovenosa, e caracterizar os preditores de complicações da fístula arteriovenosa. Encontramos como resultados que no método de punção de fístula arteriovenosa buttonhole o EA mais frequente foi dermatite e reinserção de agulhas de punção, e nos métodos escada/regional foram hematoma e sangramento peripunção. Os pacientes no grupo puncionado pelo método buttonhole receberam hemodiálise sob fluxos de sangue mais altos comparado ao outro grupo. Observamos que o uso do cateter venoso central de duplo lúmen (CDL) caracteriza-se um preditor de necessidade de reparo da fístula arteriovenosa, pois aumenta em 28% o risco dessa necessidade. A punção “arterial” retrógrada apresentou-se como fator de proteção, diminuindo em 1% a necessidade de reparos. Concluímos que o método de punção buttonhole é recomendado desde que haja a monitoração intermitente da fístula arteriovenosa pelo enfermeiro durante exame físico. O método regional é desestimulado. E o método escada de corda deve ser avaliado individualmente em estudos futuros. O enfermeiro deve estabelecer a vigilância dos parâmetros de perviedade, educação em saúde para autocuidado da fístula arteriovenosa, bem como educação continuada para a equipe de enfermagem a fim de promover práticas seguras e cientificamente embasadas.

L'enseignement, l'apprentissage et l'évaluation du raisonnement clinique en sciences infirmières est un défi pour les éducateurs de cette profession et leurs étudiants. Depuis plusieurs décennies, les chercheurs et les éducateurs dans le domaine des sciences de la santé ont travaillé pour élaborer des instruments d'évaluation dans le but de pouvoir mesurer le raisonnement clinique (Charlin, Bordage & Van der Vleuten, 2003). Plusieurs études semblent appuyer le test de concordance de script (TCS) en termes de validité, fiabilité, faisabilité et applicabilité pour plusieurs disciplines et différents contextes (Carrière & al, 2009). Deschênes et ses collaborateurs (2006; Deschênes, Charlin, Gagnon & Goudreau, 2011) ont mis au point et validé un TCS spécifiquement pour le raisonnement clinique en sciences infirmières (RCI). Comme l'évaluation a un impact important sur les stratégies d'apprentissage des étudiants (Sibert et al, 2001; Durak, Caliskan & Bor, 2007), les outils d'évaluation valides et fiables qui permettraient l'identification des problèmes spécifiques dans le développement du raisonnement clinique en sciences infirmières seraient très utiles pour guider les décisions concernant l'éducation (Gierl, 2007). Nous avons donc mené une étude pour explorer le potentiel diagnostique des questions d'un TCS. La question de recherche est la suivante: «Dans quelle mesure chaque question d’un TCS visant à évaluer le RCI peut-elle être reliée à des catégories et des stratégies de pensée spécifiques?" Avec une sous-question: «Comment peut-on décrire le potentiel diagnostique d’un TCS pour évaluer le RCI?". Nous avons fait une deuxième analyse de contenu des données qui ont été obtenues dans une étude précédente dans laquelle cinq vignettes (15 questions) du TCS de Deschênes (2006) ont été utilisées. Les résultats ont montré les catégories et stratégies de pensées utilisées pour répondre à certaines questions du TCS selon les groupes de participants. Aussi, nos résultats ont permis de découvrir des disparités importantes entre les groupes, notamment que le RCI des expertes est si différent des étudiantes, qu’il ne peut servir de référence. Enfin, cette étude démontre que le TCS a un potentiel diagnostique niveau par niveau (1ère, 2e, 3e année et expertes) et non d’un niveau à un autre. / Teaching, learning and assessing clinical nursing reasoning is a challenge for both nurse educators and their students. For several decades, researchers and educators in the field of health sciences, worked to develop assessment instruments that would effectively measure clinical reasoning (Charlin, Bordage & Van der Vleuten, 2003). Several studies seem to support the script concordance test (SCT) in terms of validity, reliability, feasibility and applicability in different disciplines and contexts (Carrière & al, 2009). Deschênes and her collaborators (2006; Deschênes, Charlin, Gagnon & Goudreau, 2011) developed and validated one SCT specifically for clinical nursing reasoning. Since evaluation has a great impact on students’ learning strategies (Sibert & al, 2001; Durak, Caliskan & Bor, 2007), valid and reliable assessment instruments that would allow the identification of specific problems in the development of clinical nursing reasoning would be very useful to guide educational decisions (Gierl, 2007). We therefore conducted a study to explore the diagnostic potential issues of SCT. The research question is: "To what extent each issue of SCT to assess clinical nursing reasoning can it be linked to categories and specific thinking strategies?" with a sub-question: "How can we describe the diagnostic potential of SCT to evaluate the clinical nursing reasoning?”. We did a second content analysis on think aloud data that were obtained in a previous study in which five vignettes (15 items) from Deschênes’ (2006) SCT were used. The results showed categories thoughts and strategies used to address issues of TCS by groups of participants. Thus, our results revealed significant differences between the groups, such that the clinical nursing reasoning is so different from expert students, it can’t serve as a reference. Finally, this study demonstrates that TCS has a diagnostic potential but level by level (1st, 2nd, 3rd year and experts).

Population ageing has been posed as a problem for contemporary governing in relation to the allocation and consumption of finite health care resources, in particular acute hospital care. This thesis explores how nursing practice is a key resource in the management of this ???problem???. Employing Foucault???s concept of governmentality, nursing practice is examined as a form of social government that is central to the regulation of hospital care to older people. A governmentality approach enables consideration of the relationship between the macro political context of governing, as embodied in prevailing political rationalities, and their outworking beyond the arenas of formal government in the micro practices of nurses. Specifically, in this research, it reveals how contemporary entrepreneurial rationalities of governing work at a distance to discursively shape the local practices of nurses in the regulation of hospital care to older people. Discourse analysis of interview texts, literature and documents revealed how enterprise rationality was invested in the discourses circulating in the study site, highlighting the power relationships and subject positions available to registered nurses and outcomes produced in the regulation of hospital care to older people. The analysis details how registered nurses activated a range of technologies and practices as they engaged with enterprise discourses, constituting nursing practice as an activity aimed at making up older people as dischargeable subjects. It shows how enterprise is both a practice and way of thinking that directs us toward a particular truth of hospital, hence nursing, care of older people. The thesis illustrates how changes in the ways of governing hospitals have actively transformed the meaning and practice of nursing in the provision of hospital care to older people. It shows how the values and practices that make entrepreneurial modes of government possible penetrate each layer of an organisation and can create new mentalities or ways of thinking. This was evident in this research whereby an entrepreneurial mode of governance had re-imagined the social practice of nursing as a form of the economic, such that neither recovery, nor health, but discharge assumed pre-eminence as the focus and aim of hospital care for older people and hence the goal of nursing practice. These findings suggest that hospital care of older people has become a political and economic, rather than therapeutic concern. Furthermore, nursing interventions in the hospital care of older people have become administrative rather than therapeutic, with nursing practice focused on individual older people only insofar as they are constituted as part of a population at risk of delayed discharge. The thesis contends that nurses are implicated in the politics of health care in new and different ways amid entrepreneurial rationalities of governing that promote an ethos of risk management, individualism and responsibilisation in relation to health. It argues that the replacement of an ethos of nursing as care based on client need with an ethos of nursing as risk management substitutes the therapeutic intent and practices of nursing with the technical intent of managing risk. In so doing, the thesis illustrates dangers and possibilities arising from the re-framing of health care through entrepreneurial modes of governance. It enables a critically informed consideration of what kind of practice acute care nursing could be into the future and how nurses and others can take action to positively contribute to the futures of older people they provide care to. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2010

The study attempted to identify R425 diplomates' perceptions of their psychiatric competencies. An exploratory descriptive survey investigated specific strengths and weaknesses of the R425 diplomates in the psychiatric clinical units in the KwaZulu-Natal Province, as perceived by the diplomates themselves. The diplomates were reportedly competent in performing numerous, but not all cognitive, psychomotor and affective skills addressed by this survey. The R425 diplomates perceived themselves to be incompetent in designing and implementating rehabilitation programmes/workshops, managing community projects, conducting research and managing crises in psychiatric nursing units. / Health Sciences / M.A. (Health Studies)

A pesquisa tem como objetivos identificar e analisar a incidência de úlcera de pressão (UP), identificar os fatores de risco a ela relacionados e investigar a validade preditiva da escala de Braden, numa amostra de 53 pacientes internados no Centro de Terapia Intensiva (CTI) de um hospital universitário do interior paulista, durante 3 meses consecutivos. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Intituição. Os dados foram coletados pelo exame físico dos pacientes, na avaliação do risco na escala de Braden, entrevistas com os pacientes e/ou familiares e revisão dos prontuário. As avaliações foram realizadas até 24 horas após a admissão, 48 horas após a admissão e, posteriormente, em dias alternados até à detecção da presença de úlcera, de alta ou óbito do paciente. Vinte pacientes desenvolveram 59 úlceras no período, acarretando uma incidência de 37%. As localizações mais comuns foram a região dos calcâneos (42,4%), sacrococcígea (30,5%) e glúteos (11,8%). Houve predomínio de úlceras no estágio I (59,3%) não sendo observadas úlceras em estágio IV. Nas seis primeiras avaliações os pacientes com úlcera de pressão obtiveram escores menores na escala de Braden que os sem Up, com diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. Os escores das subescalas percepção sensorial, atividade, mobilidade, fricção e cisalhamento foram na maioria das avaliações menores para os pacientes com UP com diferença estatisticamente significantes, o que não ocorreu nas sub-escalas umidade e nutrição. Dentre outros fatores investigados, a respiração controlada por aparelho e saída por alta e óbito apresentaram relacionamento com presença de úlcera de pressão. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o tempo de internação hospitalar e no CTI, entre os grupos, sendo esses superiores para os pacientes com UP. Os resultados dos testes para investigar a validade preditiva da escala de Braden apontaram que, na primeira avaliação, o escore 14 obteve elevada sensibilidade e validade preditiva para teste negativo, porém, a especificidade e validade preditiva para teste positivo foram inferiores. Na segunda e terceira avaliação, a escala demonstrou um melhor desempenho nos testes de validação para os escores 13 e 12, respectivamente. / The research had as objectives to identify and analyze pressure ulcer incidence, to identify related risk factors and investigating the predictive validity of the Braden scale in a sample of 53 patients hospitalized in an Intensive Care Center (ICC) of an university hospital during 3 months. The study was approved by the institution Ethical Research Committee. Data were collected by physical examination, by the application of the Braden scale, patient and family member interviews and by review of patient records. Evaluation were done within 24 hours of admission at the ICC, 48 hours after that and subsequently every other day until the observation of pressure ulcer development, hospital discharge or death of patient. Twenty patients developed 59 pressure ulcers, an index of incidence of 37.7%. The ulcers were located predominantly on heels (42.4%), sacral and coccyx region (30.5%) (30.5%) and buttocks (11.8%). Most of ulcers were on stage I (59.3%) and there was no ulcer on stage IV. On the six first evaluations, patients with pressure ulcers had lower scores in Braden scale than patients without pressure ulcers with significant statistical differences between groups. Scores of sub-scales of sensory perception, activity, mobility, friction and shear were in most of evaluation lower to patients with pressure ulcer with significant statistical differences between groups what did not occur to the sub-scales moisture and nutrition. Among other factors that were investigated, use of mechanical respiration and leaving the ICC because of hospital discharge or death were related to having a pressure ulcer. There were significant differences related to length of hospitalization and length of permanence on ICC between groups when for patients with pressure ulcer both were longer. The results of the tests to investigate the predictive validity of the Braden scale showed that on the first evaluation the score 14 was a score that had a high sensitivity and predictive validity for a negative test however the specificity and predictive validity for a positive test were lower. On the second and third evaluation the scale showed a better performance on predictive validity tests for the 13 and 12 scores respectively.

Background: previous studies have revealed that newly hired nurses experience stress and anxiety when entering a new clinical setting. Failure to support and prepare these nurses may affect their ability to deliver the required level of nursing care. Preceptorship is a time limited, organised clinical instructional programme, which promotes staff development, improves nursing education, reduces nursing shortages, promotes staff retention and decreases staff turnover. Little evidence expounds about how newly hired nurses perceive preceptorship. The impact of preceptorship on the clinical nursing care of newly hired experienced nurses has not been investigated or verified globally neither has it been investigated from a Saudi context. Aims and Objectives: the study aimed to explore the nature of preceptorship and its impact on clinical nursing care as perceived by the nurses who had taken part in a preceptorship programme in Saudi Arabia. The study elicited the participants' understanding and expectations of the preceptorship programme in an attempt to identify those factors that may be directly related to the success or failure of the programme. Furthermore, it aimed to examine the role of preceptorship in developing the clinical practice of newly hired experienced nurses. Methodology: a qualitative design based on the principles of naturalistic inquiry underpinned this study. Thirty national and international nurses of five different grades across wards in one Saudi hospital were first purposively and subsequently convenience sampled to take part in the study. Most participants were of international origin, possessing various levels of experience and education. Preceptees were younger and less experienced than other programme stakeholders. Data were generated using tape-recorded semi-structured individual and focus groups interviews. This action was also supported by a review of the hospital's preceptorship policy documents. All the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed concurrently using thematic analysis based on a constant comparative method. Findings and discussion: Six themes were derived from the interview data to generate an account of participants' experiences. Social learning theory was used as an explanatory framework for understanding the study's findings. Thus, preceptorship was seen as an important supportive, learning process, although inconsistencies were highlighted related to the participants' understanding and expectations of the programme. The duration of preceptorship was also contested with some needing longer than allocated. Hence, confusion arose regarding when preceptorship should begin and end due to ambiguities within the preceptorship policy documentation. Furthermore, participants perceived preceptorship had a mixed impact on clinical nursing care depending on preceptee/preceptor preparation and workload. Surprisingly recruitment was found to have the biggest impact on the success or failure of the preceptorship programme an unexpected and new finding highlighted by this study. Conclusion: preceptorship is important for the integration of newly hired experienced nurses into their new roles. The meaning of preceptorship as applied to each hospital needs to be defined and articulated clearly and concisely. In order to meet the objectives of preceptorship, policy documentation needs to be clearer, and recruitment processes need to be reviewed in order to match both preceptee experience and qualifications with organisational requirements.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Nursing education is faced with addressing the challenge of educational reform as a result of the rapid changes in the complexity of health care delivery systems, increased technology and biomedical knowledge, a shortage in nursing faculty, and increased enrollment in schools of nursing. Although national nursing organizations have called for reform and innovation in nursing education little is known about the factors that are related to educators’ adoption of such changes. The purpose of this descriptive, exploratory, correlational, survey study was to explore the adoption of socioculturally-based teaching strategies (SCBTS) by examining the following variables in relation to their adoption using Everett Rogers’ diffusion of innovations model: (a) clinical nurse educators’ perceived characteristics of SCBTS, (b) clinical nurse educators’ perceived organizational support for innovation, and (c) selected demographic characteristics. Minimal research has been conducted regarding the factors related to clinical nurse educators’ adoption of SCBTS, which may better prepare nurse graduates for today’s health care system. Findings from this study suggest that adoption is not straightforward, but the perceived characteristics of teaching strategies play an important role in the clinical nurse educator’s decision to adopt or not adopt SCBTS. Rogers’ model was partially supported based on the findings that clinical nurse educators were more likely to adopt a teaching strategy if it was perceived to be advantageous, compatible, and not too complex. On the other hand, clinical nurse educators were more likely not to adopt teaching strategies that they must “try out” or that must be observable by others, which was not supportive of Rogers’ model. Adopters of SCBTS were more experienced clinical educators who felt supported by their academic organizations in terms of innovation; however organizational support for innovations was not associated with adoption of the teaching strategies. Holding a certificate in a nursing specialty, the type of program in which the educator taught, and the age of the educator were not associated with the adoption of SCBTS. Future research using Rogers’ model or other appropriate models is called for to further explore the adoption of SCBTS by clinical nurse educators.

No description available.