L’approche par compétences est de plus en plus choisie pour guider les curriculums universitaires de formation professionnelle. Accordant un intérêt primordial au développement des compétences, les responsables des programmes élaborés selon cette approche doivent déterminer les stratégies pédagogiques qui seront les plus efficaces et qui permettront une participation active de l’étudiant. Depuis plus de 30 années (Cameron et Mitchell, 1993; Wellard et Bethune, 1996), le journal d’apprentissage favorise la construction des savoirs en pratique clinique et le développement de la pensée réflexive, une compétence nécessaire à la pratique des infirmières qui s’inspirent d’une vision spécifique de la discipline, comme celle du modèle de McGill (Kravitz et Frey, 1989; Thorpe, 2003). Malgré cela, les études sur les perceptions d’étudiants relativement au journal d’apprentissage sont rares, et ce, surtout au Canada (Epp, 2008). Il importe de s’intéresser aux perceptions d’étudiants afin d’atteindre l’efficacité optimale de l’outil. Le but de cette étude était d’explorer les perceptions d’étudiants au baccalauréat en sciences infirmières de l’utilisation du journal d’apprentissage. Elle a été réalisée auprès d’étudiants de 2e et 3e année, selon un devis de type qualitatif exploratoire. Les participants (n=52) ont rempli un formulaire constitué d’une mise en situation comprenant 5 questions ouvertes. L’analyse des données a fait émerger trois thèmes principaux de l’utilisation du journal soit : un outil personnel, un outil de communication et un outil d’apprentissage de la pratique. Des recommandations pour la formation et la recherche sont formulées. / The competency-based approach is increasingly chosen to guide university curriculum. In according an essential interest to the competency development, the responsible for programs developed using this approach must determine the most effective learning strategy. In the last 30 years (Cameron et Mitchell, 1993; Wellard et Bethune, 1996), the learning journal promote the building of clinical knowledge and the development of reflexive thinking, a competency that is necessary to the practice nurses inspired by a specific vision of the discipline, like the McGill model (Kravitz et Frey, 1989; Thorpe, 2003). Despite this, the studies on the student’s perceptions on the learning journal are rare, especially in Canada (Epp, 2008). It is important to look at student’s perceptions to attain the optimal efficacy of the tool. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of undergraduate students in nursing of the utilization of learning journal. It was realized with 2nd and 3rd year undergraduate students in nursing, using a qualitative exploratory research design. The participants (N=52) completed a form presenting a simulated situation that contained 5 open ended questions. The three main themes that emerged during data analysis on the utilization of the learning journal were: a personal tool, a communication tool and a learning practice tool. Recommendations for education and future research are offered.

L'enseignement du raisonnement clinique infirmier (RCI) est une préoccupation importante des formateurs en sciences infirmières depuis plusieurs années. Les étudiantes en sciences infirmières éprouvent des difficultés à formuler des hypothèses cliniques, à savoir trouver les explications pouvant justifier la coexistence d'une combinaison de données cliniques. Pourtant, la formulation d’hypothèses constitue une étape déterminante du RCI. Dans cette étude qualitative exploratoire, nous avons mis à l'essai une activité d'apprentissage par vignette clinique courte (AVCC) qui fournit aux étudiantes l'occasion d'exercer spécifiquement la formulation d'hypothèses cliniques. L'étude visait à documenter la capacité d'étudiantes de troisième année au baccalauréat en sciences infirmières à formuler des hypothèses cliniques durant l'activité. Dix-sept étudiantes ont été recrutées par convenance et divisées en groupes selon leurs disponibilités. Au total, quatre séances ont eu lieu. Les participantes étaient invitées à réfléchir à une vignette clinique courte et à construire un algorithme qui incluait: 1) leurs hypothèses concernant la nature du problème clinique, 2) les éléments d'informations essentiels à rechercher pour vérifier chaque hypothèse et 3) les moyens pour trouver ces informations. L'observation participante, l'enregistrement audio-vidéo et un questionnaire auto-administré ont servi à collecter les données. Les stratégies de RCI décrites par Fonteyn (1998) ont servi de cadre théorique pour guider l’analyse, sous forme de matrices comprenant des verbatims et des notes de terrain. Les résultats suggèrent que l'AVCC stimule la formulation d'hypothèses cliniques et la réactivation des connaissances antérieures. Cette activité pourrait donc être utile en complément d'autres activités éducatives pour favoriser le développement du RCI chez les étudiantes en sciences infirmières. / Teaching and learning clinical reasoning has been a major concern amongst nurse educators for many years. Hypothesis generation is a critical milestone in clinical nursing reasoning which students are still struggling with at the end of their program. In a qualitative exploratory study, we tested a vignette-based activity to provide to the students an opportunity to specifically practice hypotheses generation. The study aimed at documenting nursing student’s capacity to formulate hypotheses during the activity. Seventeen nursing students in the last semester of their program were recruited by convenience and grouped accordingly to their availability to participate. The activity was held four times. Participants were asked to focus on a brief clinical vignette and to build an algorithm that would include 1) their hypotheses regarding the nature of the problem, 2) the essential pieces of information to collect in order to verify each hypothesis, and 3) the way the information was to be found. The combined methods used for data collection were participative observation, videotaping the activity and a written questionnaire immediately after the activity. Data were then classified in matrices in the form of verbatim and notes using clinical nursing reasoning skills described by Fonteyn (1998) as the theoretical framework. Results suggest that the vignette-based activity does stimulate students to formulate hypotheses. It also stimulates sharing and recollection of knowledge amongst students. This type of activity could therefore be useful in promoting the development of clinical reasoning as a complement to other educative activities used in nursing education programs.

Les infirmiers doivent maintenir leurs connaissances à jour et poursuivre le développement de leurs compétences. Toutefois, dans le contexte actuel de pénurie d’infirmiers, la formation continue représente un défi pour eux. Or, le e-learning semble offrir un potentiel intéressant pour relever ce défi. Une étude qualitative basée sur la méthode des incidents critiques visait à décrire l’expérience clinique d’infirmiers (n=4) suite à un cours e-learning sur l’enseignement à la clientèle. Ce cours de 45 heures était basé sur l’approche par compétences. Des entrevues individuelles ont permis de documenter l’acquisition et l’utilisation en contexte clinique d’apprentissages effectués durant le cours. Les résultats révèlent que ce cours e-learning a permis aux infirmiers qui ont participé à l’étude (n=4) d’acquérir des ressources (connaissances et habiletés) et de les utiliser dans des situations cliniques d’enseignement à la clientèle. Les stratégies pédagogiques, qui apparaissent les plus prometteuses, à la lumière des résultats, sont la discussion de situations cliniques sur le forum de discussion « en ligne » et le projet de mise en contexte réel. En somme, le e-learning, basé sur l’approche par compétences se révèle une approche pédagogique prometteuse pour soutenir le développement des compétences des infirmiers. Mots clés : e-learning, formation continue, stratégies pédagogiques, approche par compétences / All nurses must maintain their knowledge and skills up to date. However, in the current context, due to lack of nurses, continuing education represents a great challenge for nurses. Therefore e-learning seems to have a great potential to take over this challenge. A qualitative study based on the critical incidents method was meant to describe clinical nursing experiences (n=4) after an e-learning course on patient teaching. This 45 hours long course was led on a competency based approach. Individual interviews allowed us to document the use of their acquired knowledge in different clinical contexts. The results reveal that nurses (n=4) acquired different resources (knowledge, skills) that they used in clinical patient teaching. According to the results, discussion forums about clinical cases and a learning project in real clinical context turned out to be useful educational strategies to sustain professional nursing skills. Finally, e-learning based on the competency-based approach reveals itself as an educational strategy of great promise. Key words: e-learning, continuing education, educational strategies, competency based approach

L’approche par compétences est de plus en plus choisie pour guider les curriculums universitaires de formation professionnelle. Accordant un intérêt primordial au développement des compétences, les responsables des programmes élaborés selon cette approche doivent déterminer les stratégies pédagogiques qui seront les plus efficaces et qui permettront une participation active de l’étudiant. Depuis plus de 30 années (Cameron et Mitchell, 1993; Wellard et Bethune, 1996), le journal d’apprentissage favorise la construction des savoirs en pratique clinique et le développement de la pensée réflexive, une compétence nécessaire à la pratique des infirmières qui s’inspirent d’une vision spécifique de la discipline, comme celle du modèle de McGill (Kravitz et Frey, 1989; Thorpe, 2003). Malgré cela, les études sur les perceptions d’étudiants relativement au journal d’apprentissage sont rares, et ce, surtout au Canada (Epp, 2008). Il importe de s’intéresser aux perceptions d’étudiants afin d’atteindre l’efficacité optimale de l’outil. Le but de cette étude était d’explorer les perceptions d’étudiants au baccalauréat en sciences infirmières de l’utilisation du journal d’apprentissage. Elle a été réalisée auprès d’étudiants de 2e et 3e année, selon un devis de type qualitatif exploratoire. Les participants (n=52) ont rempli un formulaire constitué d’une mise en situation comprenant 5 questions ouvertes. L’analyse des données a fait émerger trois thèmes principaux de l’utilisation du journal soit : un outil personnel, un outil de communication et un outil d’apprentissage de la pratique. Des recommandations pour la formation et la recherche sont formulées. / The competency-based approach is increasingly chosen to guide university curriculum. In according an essential interest to the competency development, the responsible for programs developed using this approach must determine the most effective learning strategy. In the last 30 years (Cameron et Mitchell, 1993; Wellard et Bethune, 1996), the learning journal promote the building of clinical knowledge and the development of reflexive thinking, a competency that is necessary to the practice nurses inspired by a specific vision of the discipline, like the McGill model (Kravitz et Frey, 1989; Thorpe, 2003). Despite this, the studies on the student’s perceptions on the learning journal are rare, especially in Canada (Epp, 2008). It is important to look at student’s perceptions to attain the optimal efficacy of the tool. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of undergraduate students in nursing of the utilization of learning journal. It was realized with 2nd and 3rd year undergraduate students in nursing, using a qualitative exploratory research design. The participants (N=52) completed a form presenting a simulated situation that contained 5 open ended questions. The three main themes that emerged during data analysis on the utilization of the learning journal were: a personal tool, a communication tool and a learning practice tool. Recommendations for education and future research are offered.

No description available.

The purpose of this research is to problematize how the competency-based approach in Brazilian high schools is placed on discourse, analyzing the conditions that led to its emergence, and display some alternatives in reference to the role of the teacher within the system that promotes this approach. Considering that the official documents and programs in Brazil have been linked to competencies for at least the last twenty years with the enactment of the Law of Directives and Bases of National Education (LDB, 1996), we consider relevant to conduct an analysis that will allow us to problematize this reality from a perspective inspired by the ideas of philosopher Michel Foucault. From this point of view, we will try to visualize how this focus is brought into discourse and we will propose the possibility of thinking of it as a technology device within the school. We carry out research based on international documents related to the topic (Tuning project and reports from the European experience), Brazilian official documents (National Education Plan, Act Basic Guidelines and Guidelines for National Central High School), and a selection of articles of Brazilian academic production. Later we explore the construction of the situation which established the gradual entry and consolidation of this approach in Brazilian education. Considering the changes in the labor world, demands that new configurations of companies place on education, the apparent need for entrepreneurial training of workers to adapt to a reality that seems to be constantly changing, and some public policies that - according to official documents themselves - intend to position Brazil as a reference within the new global settings, we built an analytical framework that allowed us to establish some of the conditions of possibility to establish competencies in Brazilian education. With authors like Michel Foucault, Alexandre F. de Carvalho, Sylvio Gadelha , Alfredo Veiga -Neto, Peter Miller, Nikolas Rose and José G. Sacristán, among others, we seek to build an analysis that enables to visualize how the competencybased approach in Brazilian high school enters in a regime of truth that places it at the service of the system. Therefore, this work analyzes how the current neoliberal system, using governance technologies, favors the construction of subjectivities that sustain it and reconfigured it, in order to develop more efficient and effective strategies and structures able not only to keep it but also to improve it. Of these technologies, we focus on problematizing the school, and particularly the Brazilian high school, but trying to focus not only on the role of the school, but also on the contextualization that favors the development of these constructions. This work is linked to the research Practices and Public Policy School of Post-Graduate Program in Education (PPGE) of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). / Os propósitos desta pesquisa foram problematizar como o enfoque por competências no Ensino Médio brasileiro é posto em discurso; analisar as condições de possibilidade que propiciaram a emergência do mesmo e visualizar algumas alternativas referidas ao papel do docente dentro do sistema que promove esta abordagem. Levando em conta que os documentos oficiais e programas do Brasil vinculam-se às competências de diferentes formas desde há pelo menos vinte anos com a promulgação da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB) de 1996, consideramos pertinente realizar uma análise que nos permitisse problematizar esta realidade partindo de um olhar inspirado pelo pensamento do filósofo Michel Foucault. Desde esta ótica tentamos visualizar como dito enfoque é posto em discurso e propomos a possibilidade de pensá-lo como uma tecnologia de governamento dentro do dispositivo escola. Para isso realizamos uma pesquisa baseada em documentos internacionais vinculados à temática (projeto Tuning e informes da experiência europeia), documentos oficiais brasileiros (Plano Nacional de Educação, Lei de Diretrizes Básicas e Diretrizes Centrais Nacionais para o Ensino Médio) e uma seleção de artigos da produção acadêmica brasileira. Posteriormente exploramos a construção da conjuntura que estabeleceu a paulatina entrada e a consolidação deste enfoque na educação brasileira. Considerando as mudanças no mundo do trabalho, as exigências que as novas configurações das empresas colocam na educação, a aparente necessidade da formação de trabalhadores empreendedores, que se adaptem a uma realidade que parece encontrar-se em constante transformação, e algumas políticas públicas que segundo os próprios documentos oficiais visam posicionar ao Brasil como referente dentro das novas configurações globais, construímos uma grade de análise que nos permitiu estabelecer algumas das condições de possibilidade para que as competências se assentassem no âmbito educativo. Com os autores Michel Foucault, Alexandre F. de Carvalho, Sylvio Gadelha, Alfredo Veiga- Neto, Peter Miller, Nikolas Rose e José G. Sacristán, dentre outros, procuramos construir uma análise que possibilite visualizar como o enfoque por competências no ensino médio brasileiro entra num regime de verdade que o coloca a serviço do sistema. Portanto, este trabalho analisa como o sistema neoliberal atual, valendo-se de tecnologias de governamento, favorece a construção de subjetividades que o sustentem e o reconfigurem, de maneira a desenvolver estratégias e estruturas cada vez mais eficazes e eficientes, capazes não só de mantê-lo, senão também de melhorá-lo. Dentre essas tecnologias, focamos nossa problematização na escola, e particularmente no Ensino Médio brasileiro, mas tentando olhar não só para essa parte do aparelho escolar, senão também para a contextualização que favorece o desenvolvimento destas construções. Esta pesquisa vincula-se à linha de pesquisa Práticas Escolares e Políticas Públicas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação (PPGE), da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM).

No description available.

In the business environment of today, competency-based organisations with a people- centric focus are at large becoming the norm and replacing task-based firms. This shift is driven by the benefits which the organisation can gain from leveraging the skills, attitudes, values and behaviours of its staff, through a competency-based approach (CBA). This approach can be described as a process where the attributes of the staff members, expressed as core competencies, are converted into capital stock of the firm. It is the success of this conversion that yields a competitive advantage for the firm, which past research has indicated lies at the core of the CBA. Similarly, another emerging trend for organisations of today is that of internal branding (IB). IB is a marketing approach where staff behaviour is aligned with the brand promise of the firm in order to enhance internal brand commitment (IBC) and ultimately staff performance. This concept has grown in relevance in an increasingly service centred economy, where the staff member is responsible for the delivery of the brand promise. Exploring the combined efforts of a CBA with that of IB has to date not yet been researched in detail. The basis of doing this is research is thus clear when evaluating the commonalities, as both approaches aim for alignment and leverage of staff attributes and behaviour ultimately resulting in IBC. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how a CBA, aided by IB as the operative factor, influence IBC. In order to fulfil this purpose, a qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with employees and managers at a service sector firm. The data collection was grounded in a conceptual model with a foundation in previous research, depicting IB as the operative factor through which core competencies impacted the attraction, selection and attrition, which are stages of the employee lifecycle. These interviews allowed us to gain a deeper understanding of our research phenomena and five underlying themes emerged. The themes were organisational context, competency-based approach, alignment and identification, development and participation and communities and communication. Our empirical findings indicated the interconnectedness and interdependence between these themes. The themes that emerged from our analysis formed the basis for our final conceptual model. This final model provided a visual depiction of the factors that are at play in the creation of IBC through a layered style approach. The findings of the study showed that for a CBA to be effective and successful, the IB components of communities and communication play an important part. Furthermore, the findings suggested that a CBA is a continuous process of influencing actions rather than a three-stage attraction, selection and attrition cycle. Our study highlighted the importance of alignment and integration of the organisation’s HR practices. Furthermore, our study demonstrated how CBA aided by IB can be entrenched in the organisation and influence IBC.

The purpose of the study, the results of which are presented in the dissertation, is to improve personnel work with the heads of organizations of general education based on the implementation and application of professional standards, as well as the development of the project. The object of research is the personnel work of executive bodies of state power in the field of education on the implementation and application of professional standards for heads of organizations of general education. The subject of the study is personnel procedures with the heads of organizations of general education. In the final qualifying work, the essence of competency, process and system approaches is considered; analyzes the activities of the Ministry of Education and Youth Policy of the Sverdlovsk Region in terms of personnel work with the heads of organizations of general education based on the application of a professional standard; factors affecting the implementation and application processes in personnel work and personnel procedures of the professional standard of the head of the organization of general education are considered. / Цель исследования, результаты которого представлены в диссертации, это совершенствование кадровой работы с руководителями организаций общего образования на основе внедрения и применения профессиональных стандартов, а также разработка проекта. Объект исследования – кадровая работа исполнительных органов государственной власти в сфере образования по внедрению и применению профессиональных стандартов руководителей организаций общего образования. Предмет исследования – кадровые процедуры с руководителями организаций общего образования. В выпускной квалификационной работе рассматривается сущность компетентностного, процессного и системного подходов; проводится анализ деятельности Министерства образования и молодежной политики Свердловской области в части кадровой работы с руководителями организаций общего образования на основе применения профессионального стандарта; рассматриваются факторы, влияющие на процессы внедрения и применения в кадровой работе и кадровых процедурах профессионального стандарта руководителя организации общего образования. Результатом проведенного исследования стала разработка проекта, который послужил основой для рекомендаций в адрес Министерства образования и молодежной политики Свердловской области для совершенствования кадровой работы с руководителями общеобразовательных организаций.

La présente thèse s’insère dans le domaine de la recherche exploratoire sur les enjeux didactiques de la formation initiale et continue des enseignants d’anglais L2 dans le contexte algérien : entre les objectifs institutionnels et les attentes des enseignants. L’étude s’intéresse à la formation initiale et continue des futurs enseignants telle qu’elle est prescrite par la tutelle et telle qu’elle est mise en œuvre par l’institut de formation. Appuyée sur les données collectées à partir des différents outils utilisés à cet effet, à savoir quatre questionnaires, deux interviews et l’analyse du cursus de formation, la recherche met en lumière le décalage qui existe entre le prescriptif et le descriptif de la formation. Le monde dans lequel nous vivons est en perpétuelle métamorphose ; celui de l’éducation l’est autant. Les changements et les réformes auxquelles nous assistons ces temps-ci sont dictés par le seul souci de bien-faire, dans le cadre de la mondialisation. Néanmoins, les réformes entamées dans le système éducatif algérien ne peuvent atteindre leurs objectifs que si elles sont menées de manière réfléchie, intelligente, méthodique et rationnelle. Dans une société en pleine transformation, la formation professionnelle des enseignants s’avère une nécessité urgente. Ces enseignants doivent développer une pratique réflexive : une posture fondamentale, parce que la capacité d’innover, de négocier et de réguler leur pratique passe impérativement par une réflexion sur l’expérience, favorisant la construction de savoirs nouveaux. / The present thesis fits into the field of the exploratory research on the didactical issues of the initial and in-service trainings of teachers of English as a foreign language in the Algerian context: between institutional objectives and the teachers’ expectations. The study focuses on the initial and in-service trainings of the future teachers as it is required by the employer and as it is carried out by the training institute. Founded on the collected data from the various tools used for the purpose, namely the questionnaires, the interviews and the initial training curriculum analysis, the research highlights/sheds light on the gap between the prescriptive and the descriptive trainings. The world in which we live is in perpetual metamorphosis that of education is the same. The changes and reforms we are witnessing these days are dictated solely by the desire to do well in the context of globalization. Nevertheless, the reforms undertaken in the Algerian educational system cannot achieve their goals unless they are conducted in a thoughtful, intelligent, methodical and rational manner. In a changing society, training of professional teachers is an urgent need. These professional teachers have to develop reflective practice, a basic posture, because the ability to innovate, negotiate and its practice necessarily involves a reflection on experience, encouraging the construction of new knowledge