Submitted by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2016-04-08T19:07:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luísa Zuravski.pdf: 1510633 bytes, checksum: a6f936910f8580e5397f9e32aefb5643 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T19:07:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luísa Zuravski.pdf: 1510633 bytes, checksum: a6f936910f8580e5397f9e32aefb5643 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / As plantas são consideradas a melhor fonte de antioxidantes naturais. Entre elas, um alimento funcional largamente utilizado é a linhaça (Linum usitatissimum L.). A linhaça é composta basicamente por minerais, vitaminas, proteínas e lipídeos. Adicionalmente, contêm quantidades significativas de outros componentes bioativos como polifenóis, ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, fibras e lignanas. Relata-se que uma refeição contendo linhaça tem um elevado potencial nutricional, não somente pelo teor de proteínas, mas também pela quantidade de fibras solúveis e lignanas. O uso popular está em plena ascensão, entretanto, ainda existem poucos trabalhos envolvendo humanos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variedade (linhaça marrom ou dourada), forma de apresentação mais eficaz (farinha de linhaça ou grãos) e os reais benefícios da linhaça sob o status oxidativo, nível glicêmico e perfil lipídico em voluntários humanos saudáveis. Para isso, 48 voluntários foram selecionados e orientados a ingerirem 40g diárias de linhaça in natura pela manhã, durante 14 dias. Coleta de sangue venoso em jejum, medidas antropométricas e de pressão arterial foram realizadas antes e após o período de suplementação. Os resultados demonstraram que os parâmetros clínicos não modificaram significativamente no período de 14 dias de suplementação, mas mudanças significativas nos marcadores de estresse oxidativo foram observadas. Observou-se um efeito significativo da intervenção dietética com grãos de linhaça dourada ou marrom em proteger as proteínas plasmáticas e os lipídeos de membrana da ação danosa das espécies reativas. Este efeito positivo não foi observado na suplementação com farinha de linhaça marrom ou dourada. Esta ausência de resultado pode estar relacionada com o conteúdo de flavonoides que se apresenta maior no grão e mostra uma notável capacidade de neutralizar espécies reativas. A concentração de polifenóis plasmáticos diminuiu significativamente após 14 dias de suplementação. Este resultado, possivelmente, é consequência direta da neutralização de espécies reativas geradas pela metabolização dos ácidos graxos linoleico e linolênico, presentes na linhaça. Os teores de vitamina C aumentaram após 14 dias de ingestão de linhaça marrom ou dourada, mostrando a presença desta vitamina na semente. Os dados não mostraram nenhuma alteração na análise de danos ao DNA pelo teste cometa e frequência de micronúcleos. A defesa antioxidante enzimática, Superoxido dismutase, Catalase e Glutationa peroxidase, não mostraram alterações significativas em suas atividades após o período de suplementação. Assim, os resultados indicam que a semente de linhaça, na forma de grão, em ambas as variedades, pode ser um valioso suplemento, auxiliar no tratamento de doenças que apresentam como base os radicais livres. / Plants are considered the best source of natural antioxidants. Among them, a functional food widely used is flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Flaxseed is composed mainly of minerals, vitamins, proteins and lipids. Additionally, contain significant amounts of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fibers and lignans. It is reported that a meal containing flaxseed has a high nutritional potential, not only for protein content, but also by the amount of soluble fiber and lignans. The popular use is on the rise, however, there are few studies involving humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variety (brown or golden flaxseed), presentation more effective (flax flour or grains) and the real benefits of flaxseed on oxidative status, glucose level and lipid profile in healthy human volunteers. For this, 48 volunteers were selected and instructed to ingest 40g of flaxseed daily fresh in the morning for 14 days. Venous blood was collected in fasting, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed before and after the supplementation period. The results demonstrate that clinical parameters did not change significantly within 14 days of supplementation, but significant changes in markers of oxidative stress were observed. There was a significant effect of dietary intervention with grain flaxseed golden or brown in protecting plasma proteins and membrane lipids of harmful action of reactive species. This positive effect was not observed in supplementation with flour flaxseed golden or brown. This lack of result may be related to the content of flavonoids which shows a remarkable ability to neutralize reactive species. The plasma concentration of polyphenols significantly decreased after 14 days of supplementation. This result is possibly a direct consequence of the neutralization of reactive species generated by metabolism of linoleic and linolenic fatty acids present in flaxseed. The vitamin C increased after 14 days of taking flaxseed golden or brown, showing the presence of this vitamin in the seed. The data showed no change in the analysis of DNA damage by comet assay and micronucleus frequency. The antioxidant defense enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, showed no significant changes in their activities after the supplementation period. Thus, the results indicate that the flaxseed in the form of grain in both varieties can be a valuable supplement assist in treatment of diseases that have as base free radicals.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-08-30T17:45:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Janh Carlo de Amorim Ferreira.pdf: 452426 bytes, checksum: 152fed7ea96dd8772e716b4b9f21b433 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-30T17:45:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Janh Carlo de Amorim Ferreira.pdf: 452426 bytes, checksum: 152fed7ea96dd8772e716b4b9f21b433 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-26 / This study was performed at Hospital de Cl?nicas Veterin?rias do Centro Universit?rio Pl?nio Leite Itabora?, Rio de Janeiro (Veterinary Hospital of Pl?nio Leite University, Itabora?, Rio de Janeiro) to monitor the hepatic biochemical profile of cats and their clinical parameters when submitted to continuous infusion of propofol at a 0,3 mg/kg/min dosage, for 90 minutes, and comparing to results obtained from cats who received continuous infusion of saline solution. Both groups were analyzed during a pre-determined period of time totalizing 28 days of observation and analysis. The following enzymes activity levels were determined: Aminotransferase (AST), Alanina-Aminotransferase (ALT), Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) and Alkaline Fosfatasis (FA); serum levels of Albumin (A), Total Bilirrubin (BT) and Total Serum Proteins (PT), yet registering Respiratory (FR) and Heart Rate (FC), Systolic Blood Pressure (PAS), Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (PAM), Diastolic Blood Pressure (PAD) and Oxygen Partial Saturation (SPO2). Twenty healthy cats were analyzed on this study, their weights varying from two to four kilos and ages between three to five years old, submitted to experimental procedures performed during the months of January and February, 2010. The analysis of these results showed a major difference (p<0,05) between the ALT serum activities at the following positions: T2 (30 minutes), T3 (60 minutes), T5 (12 hours) and T9 (28 days); AST serum activities at T2, FA serum activities at T2, T6 (seven days) and T8 (21 days), emphasizing the fact only at this last position the GP levels were greater than GC; in the heart rate at T1 position (the beginning of this experiment), without compromising animals physical condition. None of the animals presented averages above parameters of normality. The other parameters examined did not present any significant differences, concluding that total intravenous anesthesia using continuous infusion of propofol was safe to contain cats in invasive surgical procedures, therefore providing more information regarding the safe use of this drug in animals. / O trabalho foi desenvolvido no Hospital de Cl?nicas Veterin?rias do Centro Universit?rio Pl?nio Leite, em Itabora?, RJ, com o intuito de monitorar perfil bioqu?mico hep?tico e par?metros cl?nicos de gatos submetidos ? infus?o cont?nua de propofol (GP) na dose de 0,3 mg/kg/min, durante 90 minutos, e comparando-se com resultados observados em gatos do grupo controle (GC), que receberam infus?o cont?nua de solu??o fisiol?gica. Os dois grupos foram avaliados em espa?os de tempo pr?-determinados, totalizando 28 dias de observa??es e an?lises. Foram determinadas as atividades s?ricas de aspartatoaminotransferase (AST), alanina-aminotransferase (ALT), gama-glutamil transpeptidase (GGT) e fosfatase alcalina (FA), determinadas as concentra??es s?ricas de Albumina (A), Bilirrubina total (BT) e Prote?nas Totais s?ricas (PT), registrando-se ainda as Frequ?ncias Respirat?rias (FR) e Card?acas (FC), Temperatura Retal (T), Press?es Arteriais Sist?licas (PAS), M?dias (PAM) e Diast?licas (PAD) e Satura??o parcial de O2 (SPO2). Foram utilizados no estudo 20 gatos h?gidos, com pesos variando entre dois e quatro kg e idades entre tr?s e cinco anos, que foram submetidos aos procedimentos experimentais no per?odo compreendido entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2010. A an?lise dos resultados demostraram que houve diferen?a significativa (p<0,05) nas atividades s?ricas de ALT nos momentos T2 (30 minutos), T3 (60 minutos), T5 (12 horas) e T9 (28 dias); nas atividades s?ricas de AST no momento T2; nas atividades s?ricas de FA nos momentos T2, T6 (7 dias) e T8 (21 dias), sendo que, somente neste ultimo momento as dosagens do GP foram maiores que no GC; na frequ?ncia card?aca no momento T1 (in?cio do experimento), sem causar qualquer comprometimento ? sa?de dos animais. Nenhum dos animais apresentou m?dias acima dos par?metros de normalidade. Os outros par?metros analisados n?o tiveram diferen?as significativas, concluindo-se que a anestesia intravenosa total com uso de propofol em infus?o cont?nua foi segura para conten??o de gatos em procedimentos incruentos, contribuindo assim para maiores informa??es em rela??o ao uso desse f?rmaco nesses animais

La première partie de ce travail vise à étudier les effets de la présence vocale maternelle, chant et la parole, sur l'état clinique de l'enfant prématuré, évalué en termes de paramètres physiologiques (fréquence cardiaque, oxygénation du sang et événements critiques) et sur son état comportemental. Dans cette partie on observe donc la mère comme sujet actif et stimulant, par rapport à un bébé prématuré qui, à travers des indices comportementaux et physiologiques, montre bénéficier de la stimulation directe de la voix de la mère. La comparaison des périodes avec et sans stimulation vocale maternelle révèle un plus haut niveau de saturation en oxygène et la fréquence cardiaque et significativement moins d'événements critiques négatives (p <0,0001) lorsque la mère parle et chante. Une connexion renouvelé à la voix de la mère peut être une expérience importante et significative pour les enfants prématurés. L'exposition à la parole et au chant de la mère montre des effets bénéfiques précoces importantes sur l'état physiologique du bébé, tels que les niveaux de saturation en oxygène, le nombre d'événements critiques et la prévalence de l'état d'alerte calme. Ces résultats ont des implications pour les interventions en USIN, encourageant l'interaction maternelle avec leurs nouveau-nés prématurés médicalement stables.La deuxième partie inverse le point de vue, visant à évaluer les effets du comportement de l'enfant sur la mère qui chante et parle: on évalue la capacité de l'enfant à être un partenaire actif dans ces première proto-interactions en vis à vis. On analyse en termes acoustiques les effets du comportement du nouveau-né sur la voix maternelle directe. La voix de la mère présente des caractéristiques spécifiques en termes de minimum de fréquence fondamentale (F0min) pendant les 5 secondes qui précèdent les réactions positives des nouveau-nés. Les mères ont élevé la hauteur de leur voix en présence d'un comportement positif de l'enfant, en particulier dans la communication parlée. En outre, la variance de la F0 (F0sd), augmente en particulier dans la langue maternelle, lorsque l'enfant ouvre les yeux. Ces résultats suggèrent que les comportements positifs des prématurés nés hospitalisés, dans le contexte des interactions, peuvent évoquer, dans les mères des formes précoces de attachement, mesurée par l'augmentation des caractéristiques du parler-bébé. En particulier, le F0min a un rôle crucial pour détecter la réactivité émotionnelle de la mère au cours des interactions vocales. Dans la dernière partie, enfin, on analyse dans le détail quelques épisodes de régulation réciproque dans la dyade mère-enfant: une hypothèse hasardeuse. Il s’agit de trouver, dans une relation dyadique profondément compromise, les traces de syntonisations affectives, des imitations amodales, des épisodes d’ajustement mutuel, de désengagements suite aux stimulations excessives. Nous avons analysé trois situations différentes dans lesquelles les mères et les nouveau-nés prématurés interagissent. Les trois séquences présentent (a) un cas de imitation intermodale, où la mère accompagne par la voix et du visage imitation changement postural du nouveau-né; (b) une séquence interactive dans laquelle on peut identifier un moment d’échange du regard entre les deux partenaires, qui est interrompue et réglementé par le bébé prématuré. La troisième microanalyse (c) vise à montrer les caractéristiques acoustiques d'une interaction vocale entre l’adulte (père et mère) et le nouveau-né prématuré. / This thesis investigated the effects, the responsiveness, the characteristics of maternal voice speaking and singing to preterm infants in NICU.In Study 1 we investigated the effects of live maternal speaking and singing on physiological parameters of preterm infants in the NICU and to test the hypothesis that vocal stimulation can have differential effects on preterm infants at a behavioural level.Methods: Eighteen mothers spoke and sang to their medically stable preterm infants in their incubators over 6 days, between 1 and 2 pm. Heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (OxSat), number of critical events (hypoxemia, bradycardia and apnoea) and change in behavioural state were measured.Results: Comparisons of periods with and without maternal vocal stimulation revealed significantly greater oxygen saturation level and heart rate and significantly fewer negative critical events (p < 0.0001) when the mother was speaking and singing. Unexpected findings were the comparable effects of maternal talk and singing on infant physiological parameters and the differential ones on infant behavioural state.Conclusion: A renewed connection to the mother’s voice can be an important and significant experience for preterm infants. Exposure to maternal speech and singing shows significant early beneficial effects on physiological state, such as oxygen saturation levels, number of critical events and prevalence of calm alert state. These findings have implications for NICU interventions, encouraging maternal interaction with their medically stable preterm infants. In Study 2 we aimed (1) to examine qualitative change in maternal infant-directed singing and speaking, prior to a positive behaviour display by the preterm infants (i.e. eye opening and lip-corner raising), (2) to analyse the effects of the two behaviours on concomitant acoustic characteristics of maternal infant-directed vocal communication (IDVC), (3) to determine whether changes in maternal voice quality persist after the infant’s positive behavioural display.Methods: Participants included 10 mothers who were asked, on different occasions, to speak and sing to their medically stable infants in incubators, 128 vocalization extracts were examined. Results: The maternal voice shows specific characteristics in terms of fundamental frequency minimum (F0min) during the 5 seconds before the positive reactions of newborns. Mothers raised their pitch in presence of infant’s positive behaviour, especially during the speaking stimulation, reinforcing the higher pitched ID speech. Moreover, the variance of the F0 (F0sd), increases in particular in the maternal speaking, when the infant opens the eyes. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the preterm hospitalized infants’ positive displays, in the context of interactions, can evoke in mothers early forms of attachment, measured by the increase of the characteristics of Infant Directed Speech. In particular the F0min has a crucial role for detecting maternal emotional responsiveness in contingent vocal interactions. In the third part we aimed to analyse, with qualitative methods, the interaction between mothers and preterm infants. We will analyse three different situations in which mothers and preterm infants interact. The three sequences will present (a) a case of intermodal imitation, where the mother accompanies through voice and facial imitation postural change of the newborn; (b) an interactive sequence in which we can identify a moment of eye contact between the two partners, which is interrupted and regulated by the premature baby. The third microanalysis (c) aims to show the acoustical features of a vocal interaction bertween adults (mother and father) and their preterm infants.