Lack of sufficient water for irrigation is a major problem in and around the valleys surrounding the town of Aiquile, Cochabamba Bolivia. In addition, much of the region is undergoing desertification compounded by drought, deforestation, bad traditional agricultural practices, over grazing and a "torrential" rainfall pattern leading to severe soil erosion and low agricultural production. Between 1992 and 1994, the author constructed a network of 24 small, mostly rainfed farm ponds to increase agricultural production and alleviate soil erosion and land-use problems by improving cover conditions. A 5-year post-impoundment analysis was carried out in 1998. The analysis examined current pond conditions, design criteria, irrigation water / crop production increases and the alleviation of land-use problems. Current pond conditions fell into four distinct categories with only 25 percent of the ponds being deemed as "functioning well." The project increased irrigation in the region and improved cover conditions in 66 percent of the pond sites.

<p>The research work addresses the changes that occurred in the valley and the Yungas of Cochabamba during the Inka Horizon (1400-1538 AC) while introducing in an exploratory way, the Late Intermediate (1100-1400 AC) and the Middle Horizon (400-1100 AC) periods. In theoretical terms, we emphasize the local human agency (individual and social) as important elements in order to understand the processes of social change. We assume that the complex relational webs generated by the Inka presence in the valleys and the Yungas appear as "traces" in the space (as constructed landscapes: social, agro-hydrological, sacral, administrative, war landscapes etc.) that can be seized from two sources, archaeological and historical, that are seen as complementing each other. </p><p>We carried out two case studies in the Yungas of Tablas Monte and Inkachaca /Paracti. In both areas, previously unknown to Bolivian archaeology, we examined the impact of the Inka. Based upon material evidence, such as the sophisticated agro-hydrological system sustained by an intensive use of the stone as well as documentary data, we discuss the presence of warrior groups, i.e. that the arrival of the Inka had a relative impact in this area.</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to assess the impact of increasing the quantity of water supplied for irrigated agriculture in the Central and Sacaba Valleys. Specifically, this study examines the feasibility of Misicuni multiple-purpose project in Cochabamba, Bolivia. This project involves construction of a reservoir for the purpose of irrigating and the above mentioned areas, supply potable water to the urban areas, and produced electrical power. The Misicuni Survey, Ministerio de Agricultura y Asuntos Campesionos (MACA) bulletins, and information from other institutions were used as a source of data for the formulation of a linear programming model which represents the agricultural sector in that area. Using the model, pseudo data relating different levels of agricultural production were obtained with different levels of input combinations. The problem was solved by maintaining the demand for agricultural products in the area at the levels prevalent in 1976-1977. This data was fitted by linear regression techniques to a translogarithmic production function which defines a continuous functional relationship between the value-added to GNP by the region under study and the input factors of production. The results derived from the estimated production function show that, unless considerable expansion in the demand for agricultural products is induced in this area, the change in the value of output through increases in the quantity of water available for irrigation by the Misicuni Project will be insignificant. If the government constructs the mentioned dam (as designed), there is a high probability of unused excess water resource capacity. This will result in considerable economic loss and a misallocation of the scarce resources of the country.

Este trabajo destaca la importancia que tiene la conservación de viviendas, edificios o espacios públicos con tradición histórica, por pequeños o grandes que sean, los que a su vez forman conjuntos homogéneos -Centros históricos- de alto valor cultural para sus habitantes por ser elementos que refuerzan su identidad a través de la memoria colectiva. Los centros son áreas urbanizadas que cuentan con todos los servicios de infraestructura, donde es posible contar con calidad medioambiental, ahorrar energía y bajar costos de trasporte debido al menor desplazamiento de la población a sitios alejados, a su vez los Centros Históricos son generadores de ingresos por la afluencia de actividades culturales y turismo. El patrimonio construido es un componente vital de la sociedad que sirve para afirmar día a día identidades colectivas, para lograr desarrollos culturales auténticos y para fortalecer una sociedad que se mire a sí misma, que sepa mejorar sus condiciones de vida y asimilar los cambios tecnológicos sin necesidad de disfrazar su realidad al adoptar formas extrañas a la esencia de sus habitantes. En este entendido se hace necesario replantear el enfoque sobre la conservación del patrimonio y darle un nuevo rumbo hacia el uso social, donde el Estado y la sociedad civil tengan relación directa con el patrimonio arquitectónico y urbanístico. Como tema central, este trabajo aborda el caso de la ciudad de Cochabamba, atípico debido a la existencia de dos realidades urbanas al interior de un mismo perímetro construido. Establecidas ambas tradiciones culturales, se puede estudiar el valor patrimonial con que cuentan ambas tradiciones, que por su utilidad o su simbolismo han modelado a través del tiempo el imaginario de la ciudad y por tanto de sus habitantes. El cruce de las dos variables: ESPACIO (ciudad) y TIEMPO (historia), determinan físicamente el emplazamiento de sitios patrimoniales que, debido a la acción depredadora del tiempo, la política, la especulación inmobiliaria y otros agentes destructivos muestran conjuntos patrimoniales discontinuos. Como resultado de ello se propone hablar de “áreas históricas de Cochabamba”, en lugar de “Centro Histórico de Cochabamba”.

The research work addresses the changes that occurred in the valley and the Yungas of Cochabamba during the Inka Horizon (1400-1538 AC) while introducing in an exploratory way, the Late Intermediate (1100-1400 AC) and the Middle Horizon (400-1100 AC) periods. In theoretical terms, we emphasize the local human agency (individual and social) as important elements in order to understand the processes of social change. We assume that the complex relational webs generated by the Inka presence in the valleys and the Yungas appear as "traces" in the space (as constructed landscapes: social, agro-hydrological, sacral, administrative, war landscapes etc.) that can be seized from two sources, archaeological and historical, that are seen as complementing each other. We carried out two case studies in the Yungas of Tablas Monte and Inkachaca /Paracti. In both areas, previously unknown to Bolivian archaeology, we examined the impact of the Inka. Based upon material evidence, such as the sophisticated agro-hydrological system sustained by an intensive use of the stone as well as documentary data, we discuss the presence of warrior groups, i.e. that the arrival of the Inka had a relative impact in this area.

Tesis de grado para obtener el titulo de Ingeniero Agrónomo, Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Facultad de ciencias agricolas, pecuarias, forestales y veterinarias "Martin Cardenas." / Abstract in Spanish and English.

Part of Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1935. / Lithoprinted. "Private edition, distributed by the University of Chicago Libraries, Chicago, Illinois."

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Bonn.

The Early Intermediate Period (Middle Horizon) at Cochabamba Valleys: A Perspective of the Analysis of Human Settlements and Land UseKnowledge of regional interaction during the Intemediate Period (AD 500-1000) in the South Central Andes (corresponding to the Middle Horizon of the Central Andes) is essential for understanding the territorial expansion of Prehispanic Andean states. This study analyzes settlement and land use patterns in Cochabamba during the transition from the Early Intermediate Period (200 BC-AC 500) to the Middle Horizon. It has been suggested that during this latter period Cochabamba was colonized by the Tiwanaku polity to obtain agricultural resources. Archaeology of the Middle Horizon in Cochabamba is characterized by the presence of Tiwanaku style pottery, but presence of ceramics alone does not document colonization or administration from the Altiplano. In this study I analyze human occupation during the Middle Horizon in two survey areas, examining settlement and land use (agricultural capacity). The absence of changes in land use strategies and only minor variations in settlement patterns during the Middle Horizon do not correspond with changes accompanying territorial expansion by the Tiwanaku polity. I suggest a model of independent local populations to understand the occupation of Cochabamba durign the Middle Horizon. Consequently, this study offers a new example of variation in regional interaction during the Tiwanaku times in the southern Andes. / La interacción regional durante el Periodo Intermedio (500-1000 d.C) en los Andes centro-sur (correspondiente al Horizonte Medio en los Andes Centrales) es esencial para la comprensión de la expansión territorial de estados prehispánicos en los Andes. En esta investigación se han estudiado cambios en los patrones de asentamiento y el uso de tierras en Cochabamba en la transición del Periodo Intermedio Temprano (200-500 d.C.) al Periodo Intermedio. Se ha sugerido que, en este último periodo, Cochabamba es colonizada por la sociedad Tiwanaku para explotar recursos agrícolas. En efecto, el Periodo Intermedio se caracteriza por la presencia de cerámica de estilo Tiwanaku, pero ello no se puede asumir como presencia de poblaciones altiplánicas. En este estudio se analiza cómo se organiza la ocupación humana y el uso de tierras en el Periodo Intermedio usando datos de la capacidad agrícola de las zonas prospectadas. La ausencia de cambios en las estrategias de uso de tierras y variaciones menores en los patrones de asentamiento del Periodo Intermedio no corresponden a una expresión de expansión territorial de Tiwanaku. Se postula el modelo de independencia de las poblaciones locales para entender la ocupación del Periodo Intermedio. Este estudio sugiere así una nueva forma de interacción regional que amplía los conocimientos de las relaciones territoriales de la sociedad Tiwanaku y de sociedades expansionistas de los Andes.

Thesis (B.S.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2008. / Also available online. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 29-31).