This is a bachelor thesis on the subject of aesthetics in design in the realm of video game art. Our intention is to investigate if basic, geometrical shapes will highlight certain physical attributes or characteristics, triggered by the visual appearance of a designed product in what is essentially an aesthetic response. We test this subject in the realm of videogames, through our own design and production of 3D-models. A survey is then conducted with participants observing these models and answering questions relating to certain attributes that we intended for these models to display through their visual, aesthetic appearance. The survey shows that participant responses and general opinions regarding the design of these models were largely what we expected and set out to achieve. While we can not empirically verify these results as conclusive and the opinions and theories proposed in this thesis are largely dependent on context and personal experience, we believe an attention to aesthetics in design can effectively guide the aesthetic response an observer or user may experience with a product or artefact.

本研究旨在探究有關「思考｣ 的中文辭彙，藉以一窺人類思考過程的全貌，並進一步透過隱喻與轉喻等認知語意機制 (參看Kövecses and Radden 1998, Lakoff 1993, Ruiz de Mendoza 2000, Diez Velasco’s 2003等人之論著)，分析人類思考過程的中文辭彙體現。 首先，我們修改認知心理學中所提的訊息處理模型 (參看Palmer and Kimchi 1986, Sternberg 1969, and Neisser 1967等人之論著)，根據修改過後的模型，得到人類思考過程的中文辭彙體現可分為七種類型。在進一步分析後發現，有關「思考｣ 的中文辭彙所牽涉的認知語意機制包括Lakoff (1993)提出的隱喻類型，Kövecses & Radden (1998)及Diez Velasco’s (2003)提出的轉喻類型，及Ruiz de Mendoza (2003)所提出來的隱喻和轉喻的交互模式，而本研究另外發現需透過三重轉喻及兩個新的隱喻和轉喻的交互模式才能完整建立起人類思考過程的中文辭彙體現的字面語意與其象徵語意之間的連結。 / In this study, we intend to claim that the backstage cognition of thinking process, through linguistic manifestation, can be explicitly detected with six dynamic continuing stages. In addition, each stage reifies itself with linguistic expressions of concrete observable parts or organs of body, which in turn demonstrate that lexical manifestation of thinking is heavily based on such mechanisms as metaphor and metonymy. (cf. Kövecses and Radden 1998, Lakoff 1993, Ruiz de Mendoza 2000, Diez Velasco’s 2003). First of all, we refine the information processing model proposed in cognitive psychology (cf. Palmer and Kimchi 1986, Sternberg 1969, and Neisser 1967). Based on the refined model, the Mandarin lexical reification of thinking is claimed to fall into six stages corresponding to six types. A special case linking two or more stages is observed as the seventh type. Then, we probe into the linguistic data from the seven types of thinking. The analysis discovers that a full explanation of those linguistic data from the six stages of the thinking process requires the activation of some types of metaphor. We have also found metonymy provides mental access to thinking activities. As to the interaction of metonymy, the three types of double metonymy are not sufficient to account for the lexical manifestation of thinking. Triple metonymy also needs to be employed to explain the meaning derivations of the data. Finally, it is found that the three interaction models of metaphor and metonymy are insufficient to cover all the possible interactions of cognitive mechanisms behind the lexical manifestation of thinking in Mandarin. This study reveals two new interaction models not mentioned by Ruiz de Mendoza (2000).

自2009年美國提出重返亞洲(Pivot to Asia)的主張後，其對於東亞地區的注意力明顯提高，對區域間的盟友如菲律賓、日本，也加強了各式援助與安全保證。與此同時，隨著中國自改革開放後實力提升，對於向外發展的需求也日益提升。在此過程中，海權的發展，對其而言至關重要，然而中國所面對的是對其發展抱持疑慮的周邊環境。儘管中國強調和平發展原則，然他國仍對其擴展影響力感到不安，其中美國亦將中國認為是潛在的挑戰者，故而採取支持周邊國家的方式限制中國，使中國在近年的海上爭議中與他國呈現僵持的局面。 本研究主要以Robert Jervis 的認知理論為研究途徑，探討中美在互動中是否產生特定的機制，及對於中國海權發展影響。本研究發現，由認知的角度切入，中美兩國在互動過程中，確有機制存在，而主要起始點為兩國對於中國身分認知是否相符，若是肯定的答案，則兩國對於中國海權的認知將產生理性相符的結果。然而當兩國認知存在差距時，將會導向以非理性相符的態度看待中國海權，中國認為其是良性發展，但現實中卻是造成他國不安；美國認為限制中國符合自身利益，忽略中國和平發展的意圖，形成兩國皆將主觀認知加之於客觀不相容的現實的情況。當兩者的非理性相符認知碰撞的情況下，以本研究的釣魚台爭端為例，將使中國在向外海權發展中，尤其是對海洋領土的主張受到阻礙。 / Since the claiming of “Pivot to Asia”, the U.S. enhanced its support and security insurance toward alliance in East Asia as well. Meanwhile, with the growing of its strength, China’s demand of reaching outward also keeps rising. During this process, the developing of sea power plays an important role. However, the environment which China facing is not as supportive as it expected. Despite its emphasis on peaceful development, there is still anxiety in other countries, especially the U.S. which considers China as possible challenger, thus supporting countries in order to restrict China, leading to stalemate in recent dispute on sea issue. Using theory of perception of Robert Jervis as main approach, in order to investigate the mechanism between Sino-U.S. interaction, also its influence on China’s sea power . We find out that there truly is mechanism during the process , and the main point is difference of cognition on China’s identity. If the cognition of the two countries are corresponded, the result of perception on China’s sea power rational cognitive consistency. When perception gap occurs, it will lead to the result of irrational cognitive consistency, which China considers its development as benign, causing the feeling of threatening in reality. In the other hand, the U.S. believes that setting restraint on China brings benefits, thus ignoring China’s true intention, which form the situation of adding subjective perception on contradictive reality. As the Diaoyu Island dispute in the thesis, China’s sea power meets obstacle when the irrational cognitive consistency collapsed.

There has been a steady growth in the traffic generated by Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), and by 2020 it is expected to overload the existing licensed spectrum capacity and lead to the problem of scarce resources. One method to deal with this traffic overload is to access unlicensed and shared spectrum bands using an opportunistic approach. The use of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) is a novel approach for spectrum sharing between the incumbent user (i.e., the current owner of the shared spectrum) and the LSA licensee (i.e., the temporary user of frequencies, such as an MNO). The LSA system allows the incumbent users to temporarily provide the LSA licensee with access to its spectrum resources. However, licensees must adopt vertical handover and traffic steering procedures to vacate their customers from the LSA band without causing interference, whenever this is required by the incumbent. These procedures should be carried out, de facto, before the base station is turned off as a part of a rapid release of unscheduled LSA band facing evacuation scenarios. Thus, in this dissertation, a cognitive mechanism is proposed to make decisions in advance to find the best target network(s) for evacuated customers in connected mode and with active traffic per class of service. On the basis of these decisions, the vertical handover and traffic steering procedures are carried out for the best target network(s), which are selected in advance and undertaken immediately to avoid interference between the licensee and incumbent services. Furthermore, this guarantees the seamless connectivity and QoS of evacuated customers and their traffic respectively, during and after the unscheduled evacuation scenarios. A performance evaluation conducted in a simulating scenario consisting of one LTE-LSA and three Wi-Fi networks, demonstrated that the proposed solution could be completed within the time required for the unscheduled evacuation, as well as, being able to ensure the QoS and seamless connectivity of the evacuees. The total execution time obtained during the performance evaluation of the proposed solution was around 46% faster than of two related works and could thus avoid interference between the licensee and incumbent services.

There has been a steady growth in the traffic generated by Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), and by 2020 it is expected to overload the existing licensed spectrum capacity and lead to the problem of scarce resources. One method to deal with this traffic overload is to access unlicensed and shared spectrum bands using an opportunistic approach. The use of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) is a novel approach for spectrum sharing between the incumbent user (i.e., the current owner of the shared spectrum) and the LSA licensee (i.e., the temporary user of frequencies, such as an MNO). The LSA system allows the incumbent users to temporarily provide the LSA licensee with access to its spectrum resources. However, licensees must adopt vertical handover and traffic steering procedures to vacate their customers from the LSA band without causing interference, whenever this is required by the incumbent. These procedures should be carried out, de facto, before the base station is turned off as a part of a rapid release of unscheduled LSA band facing evacuation scenarios. Thus, in this dissertation, a cognitive mechanism is proposed to make decisions in advance to find the best target network(s) for evacuated customers in connected mode and with active traffic per class of service. On the basis of these decisions, the vertical handover and traffic steering procedures are carried out for the best target network(s), which are selected in advance and undertaken immediately to avoid interference between the licensee and incumbent services. Furthermore, this guarantees the seamless connectivity and QoS of evacuated customers and their traffic respectively, during and after the unscheduled evacuation scenarios. A performance evaluation conducted in a simulating scenario consisting of one LTE-LSA and three Wi-Fi networks, demonstrated that the proposed solution could be completed within the time required for the unscheduled evacuation, as well as, being able to ensure the QoS and seamless connectivity of the evacuees. The total execution time obtained during the performance evaluation of the proposed solution was around 46% faster than of two related works and could thus avoid interference between the licensee and incumbent services.

There has been a steady growth in the traffic generated by Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), and by 2020 it is expected to overload the existing licensed spectrum capacity and lead to the problem of scarce resources. One method to deal with this traffic overload is to access unlicensed and shared spectrum bands using an opportunistic approach. The use of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) is a novel approach for spectrum sharing between the incumbent user (i.e., the current owner of the shared spectrum) and the LSA licensee (i.e., the temporary user of frequencies, such as an MNO). The LSA system allows the incumbent users to temporarily provide the LSA licensee with access to its spectrum resources. However, licensees must adopt vertical handover and traffic steering procedures to vacate their customers from the LSA band without causing interference, whenever this is required by the incumbent. These procedures should be carried out, de facto, before the base station is turned off as a part of a rapid release of unscheduled LSA band facing evacuation scenarios. Thus, in this dissertation, a cognitive mechanism is proposed to make decisions in advance to find the best target network(s) for evacuated customers in connected mode and with active traffic per class of service. On the basis of these decisions, the vertical handover and traffic steering procedures are carried out for the best target network(s), which are selected in advance and undertaken immediately to avoid interference between the licensee and incumbent services. Furthermore, this guarantees the seamless connectivity and QoS of evacuated customers and their traffic respectively, during and after the unscheduled evacuation scenarios. A performance evaluation conducted in a simulating scenario consisting of one LTE-LSA and three Wi-Fi networks, demonstrated that the proposed solution could be completed within the time required for the unscheduled evacuation, as well as, being able to ensure the QoS and seamless connectivity of the evacuees. The total execution time obtained during the performance evaluation of the proposed solution was around 46% faster than of two related works and could thus avoid interference between the licensee and incumbent services.