O objetivo desta dissertação é descrever alguns aspectos linguísticos da narração de futebol transmitida por rádio. Para isso, utilizei a partida que gravei (entre outras) disputada pelas equipes do Corinthians-SP e do Flamengo-RJ realizada em 2013, narrada por Deva Pascovici para a rádio CBN. Dessa gravação, o segundo tempo do jogo foi sincronizado com as imagens da transmissão televisiva emitida pela TV Bandeirantes. Realizei essa sincronização no software ELAN, desenvolvido pelo Instituto Max Planck de Psicolinguística. Nesse mesmo software, transcrevi as falas tanto do narrador como dos comentaristas e repórteres. Também as imagens foram transcritas, por meio de um sistema de trilhas que elaborei para as informações visuais baseado no sistema de transcrição desenvolvido pelo Laboratório Linguagem, Interação, Cognição para línguas sinalizadas e outras semióticas visuais (McCleary & Viotti, 2007; McCleary et al., 2010). Os aspectos linguísticos descritos neste trabalho dizem respeito a elementos dos eventos de fala para além do conteúdo segmental como faceta relevante dos processos de significação da narração. Nesse sentido, descrevo o encadeamento dos enquadramentos de visualização (Langacker, 2001) e a prosódia como unidades linguísticas em uma visão mais ampla da narração e os usos da expressão pra fora e do verbo sair ao aproximar o foco dos processos de construal (Langacker, 2000, 2008; Taylor, 2002). Esta dissertação mostra que a narração de eventos em tempo real para um ouvinte que não os presencia necessita não apenas dos conhecimentos compartilhados entre falante e ouvinte sobre o contexto de produção da narração, mas também de estratégias específicas para convencionalizar unidades linguísticas para além do uso corriqueiro da língua. / This dissertation describes some linguistic aspects of football (soccer) radio live commentary. The broadcast of a match between the Corinthians-SP and Flamengo-RJ teams, which occurred in 2013, was recorded live. The main commentator was Deva Pascovic, on CBN radio station. The second half of that match was synchronized with the television shootage, exhibited by TV Bandeirantes. That synchronization was made on the ELAN software, developed by the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. On the same software, a transcription of the speech from the live commentator as well as from other commentators and reporters was made. The video shootage was also transcribed, through a tiers system developed during this study for visual information on football TV broadcast based on the transcription system under development in the Language, Interaction, Cognition Lab at the University of São Paulo (McCleary & Viotti, 2007; McCleary et al., 2010). Some linguistic aspects described in this study are related to speech events elements beyond the segmental content as relevant facets of the signifying process in football live commentary. The study describes then the sequencing of viewing frames (Langacker, 2001) and prosody as linguistic unities in a broader view of the live commentaries and usage events of the expressions pra fora and sair when the research focus was approximated to the construal (Langacker, 2000, 2008; Taylor, 2002) processes. We show that events live commentary made to a listener who does not experience them in presence needs not only shared knowledge beteween speaker and hearer about the speaking event context, but also specific strategies in order to conventionalize linguistic unities that go beyond the language usage of everyday.

Esta tese tem por objetivo (i) fazer uma análise descritiva de construções seriais em baulê, classificando-as segundo a tipologia elaborada por Aikhenvald & Dixon (2006), que subdivide construções seriais em dois grandes grupos semânticos - construções simétricas e construções assimétricas - de acordo com suas propriedades sintáticas e semânticas, e (ii) analisar a sua organização conceitual, a partir da perspectiva de duas teorias de orientação cognitivista, a saber, a Gramática Cognitiva (Langacker, 1997, 2008, 2010 e a Gramática de Construções (Goldberg, 1995). A análise buscou, ainda, comparar as construções seriais em baulê com construções coordenadas sem conectivo por serem semelhantes na estrutura, enfatizando que, na serialização, ocorre a descrição de um único evento, e, na coordenação, é possível representar dois ou mais eventos, o que as diferencia de forma fundamental. O corpora constitui-se da gravação de narrativas contadas por falantes de baulê e de frases elaboradas em português e francês e traduzidas para o baulê. / This thesis has the objective (i) to present a descriptive analysis of serial constructions in Baule, classifying them according to the typology elaborated by Aikhenvald & Dixon (2006), which subdivides serial constructions in two major semantic groups symmetrical and asymmetrical constructions pursuant to their syntactic and semantic properties, and (ii) to analyze its conceptual organization based on the perspective of two theories of cognitivist orientation, namely, Cognitive Grammar (Langacker, 1997, 2008, 2010) and the Grammar of Constructions (Goldberg, 1995). Furthermore, the analyzes sought to compare the serial constructions in Baule to coordinate constructions without connective for being similar in structure, emphasizing that, in serialization, occurs the description of a single event, and, in coordination, it is possible to represent two or more events, what fundamentally differentiates them. The corpora is constituted by the recording of narratives related by native speakers of Baule and by sentences elaborated in Portuguese and French translated to Baule.

Esta tese tem por objetivo (i) fazer uma análise descritiva de construções seriais em baulê, classificando-as segundo a tipologia elaborada por Aikhenvald & Dixon (2006), que subdivide construções seriais em dois grandes grupos semânticos - construções simétricas e construções assimétricas - de acordo com suas propriedades sintáticas e semânticas, e (ii) analisar a sua organização conceitual, a partir da perspectiva de duas teorias de orientação cognitivista, a saber, a Gramática Cognitiva (Langacker, 1997, 2008, 2010 e a Gramática de Construções (Goldberg, 1995). A análise buscou, ainda, comparar as construções seriais em baulê com construções coordenadas sem conectivo por serem semelhantes na estrutura, enfatizando que, na serialização, ocorre a descrição de um único evento, e, na coordenação, é possível representar dois ou mais eventos, o que as diferencia de forma fundamental. O corpora constitui-se da gravação de narrativas contadas por falantes de baulê e de frases elaboradas em português e francês e traduzidas para o baulê. / This thesis has the objective (i) to present a descriptive analysis of serial constructions in Baule, classifying them according to the typology elaborated by Aikhenvald & Dixon (2006), which subdivides serial constructions in two major semantic groups symmetrical and asymmetrical constructions pursuant to their syntactic and semantic properties, and (ii) to analyze its conceptual organization based on the perspective of two theories of cognitivist orientation, namely, Cognitive Grammar (Langacker, 1997, 2008, 2010) and the Grammar of Constructions (Goldberg, 1995). Furthermore, the analyzes sought to compare the serial constructions in Baule to coordinate constructions without connective for being similar in structure, emphasizing that, in serialization, occurs the description of a single event, and, in coordination, it is possible to represent two or more events, what fundamentally differentiates them. The corpora is constituted by the recording of narratives related by native speakers of Baule and by sentences elaborated in Portuguese and French translated to Baule.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of English

This study investigated the conceptual blending processes that occurred during American Sign Language (ASL) interpretations. Using the framework of conceptual blending (Fauconnier &Turner, 1996), this study analyzed six ASL interpretations and found two new mental spaces, Narrator Space and Interpreter Space, which are activated during interpretations. Conceptual blending has been used analyzing ASL (Liddell, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2003; Dudis, 2004a, 2004b, 2007) but had not been applied to ASL interpretations until this study. The conceptual blending process of ASL has found several mental spaces that are activated in blends. Real Space (Liddell, 1995) and Event Space (Dudis, 2007) are two mental spaces that blend in ASL; these two spaces were also found in the data of this study. The data also revealed that all six interpreters created Event Space much like Deaf signers. / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Department of English

Cognitive Grammar is a theory within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics that gives an account of human linguistic ability based entirely on general cognitive abilities. Because of the general complexity and open-endedness of the theory, there is not much computational work associated with it. This thesis proposes that ACT-R cognitive architecture can provide the basic primitives for the cognitive abilities required for a better implementation of Cognitive Grammar. Thus, a language model was developed on the ACT-R architecture. The model processes active and passive sentences, constructs their propositional representations, and tests the representation on a sentence verification task of the experiment of Anderson (1974).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 342-374). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Additional advisors: David Basilico, Eduardo Neiva, Cynthia Ryan. Description based on contents viewed June 3, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-116).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 273-281).

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-49).