Thesis (DLitt)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / On title page: Doctor of Literature in Biblical Languages. Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

The thesis shows the approaches of cognitive grammar to the description and analysis of case category's functioning in Czech and Russian languages. Attention is limited to the cognitive grammar as it interpreted by American linguist R. Langacker. Cognitive researches on Slavic languages by L. Janda are also crucial for this diploma. From this point of view the thesis's author studies the interferential phenomena which are typical for Russian-language speakers when they use the Czech language. In other words, by means of conceptual apparatus relevant to cognitive grammar author explains the different use of case category in both these languages. Keywords Cognitive grammar, case, interference, Czech language, Russian language

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar e comparar a linguagem multimodal em campanhas de prevenção HIV/Aids, concentrando-se, principalmente, na perspectiva da Linguística Cognitiva, incorporando a abordagem de fatores regionais, culturais e identitários, implicados na produção dessas campanhas. Para isso, também investigam-se as diretrizes apontadas por modelos de atenção e políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil, em especial ao caso da Aids, e como o marketing social atua na intenção de criar melhores condições de vida para todos, utilizando a publicidade como uma ferramenta de propagação desses conceitos. Nesta pesquisa, são levantadas e analisadas metáforas e metonímias multimodais cujo apelo traz marcas de regionalidades diversas, observando de que forma a linguagem publicitária utiliza esses recursos para provocar reações de natureza atitudinal e comportamental em seu públicoalvo. Para atender a essa proposição, o corpus é formado por oito cartazes e dois outdoors de campanhas publicitárias lançadas em diferentes regiões do país entre 2009 e 2015, passados mais de 30 anos do surgimento da epidemia. A investigação fundamenta-se na Teoria da Metáfora Conceitual, proposta por George Lakoff, Mark Johnson e autores associados, bem como nos estudos sobre multimodalidade, desenvolvidos, especialmente, por Charles Forceville. Através deste estudo, conclui-se que as metáforas/metonímias verbais e visuais evidenciam traços regionais, culturais e identitários, aproximando a linguagem do seu público-alvo e salientando especificidades que acionam o processo perceptivo dos receptores, contribuindo para a eficácia das mensagens que estimulam a mudança de hábitos e comportamentos. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-10-21T17:20:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Sheila da Rocha.pdf: 3934207 bytes, checksum: 8b5ff522622d2bcba744140aa72925ed (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T17:20:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Sheila da Rocha.pdf: 3934207 bytes, checksum: 8b5ff522622d2bcba744140aa72925ed (MD5) / The objective of this dissertation is to analyze and compare the multimodal language from campaigns that prevent HIV/AIDS, mainly focusing in the Cognitive Linguistics perspective by incorporating the approach of regional, cultural and identity factors that are present in the production of these campaigns. In view of that, the guidelines indicated by models of care and public health policies in Brazil were investigated, notably in the case of AIDS. The study also evaluates how social marketing works in an attempt to create better living conditions for all through the use of advertising as a tool to help spreading these concepts. In this research, metaphors and multimodal metonymies, hich appeal to several regions with different characteristics, are brought to light and analyzed. This approach method is used to observe how the advertising language uses these features to provoke reactions of attitudinal and behavioral nature on the target audience. In order to meet this proposition, a corpus was built with the use of eight posters and two billboards of advertising campaigns that were spread in different parts of the country between 2009 and 2015, more than 30 years after the emergence of the epidemic. The study is based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory proposed by George Lakoff, Mark Johnson and associated authors, as well as in studies of multimodality especially developed by Charles Forceville and other authors cited in the course of the analysis. Through this study is possible to conclude that verbal and visual metaphors/metonymies show regional, cultural and identity traces, bringing together the language of the target audience and highlighting specifics that drive the perceptual process of receivers, which contributes to the effectiveness of the messages that stimulate change of habits and behaviors.

O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar e comparar a linguagem multimodal em campanhas de prevenção HIV/Aids, concentrando-se, principalmente, na perspectiva da Linguística Cognitiva, incorporando a abordagem de fatores regionais, culturais e identitários, implicados na produção dessas campanhas. Para isso, também investigam-se as diretrizes apontadas por modelos de atenção e políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil, em especial ao caso da Aids, e como o marketing social atua na intenção de criar melhores condições de vida para todos, utilizando a publicidade como uma ferramenta de propagação desses conceitos. Nesta pesquisa, são levantadas e analisadas metáforas e metonímias multimodais cujo apelo traz marcas de regionalidades diversas, observando de que forma a linguagem publicitária utiliza esses recursos para provocar reações de natureza atitudinal e comportamental em seu públicoalvo. Para atender a essa proposição, o corpus é formado por oito cartazes e dois outdoors de campanhas publicitárias lançadas em diferentes regiões do país entre 2009 e 2015, passados mais de 30 anos do surgimento da epidemia. A investigação fundamenta-se na Teoria da Metáfora Conceitual, proposta por George Lakoff, Mark Johnson e autores associados, bem como nos estudos sobre multimodalidade, desenvolvidos, especialmente, por Charles Forceville. Através deste estudo, conclui-se que as metáforas/metonímias verbais e visuais evidenciam traços regionais, culturais e identitários, aproximando a linguagem do seu público-alvo e salientando especificidades que acionam o processo perceptivo dos receptores, contribuindo para a eficácia das mensagens que estimulam a mudança de hábitos e comportamentos. / The objective of this dissertation is to analyze and compare the multimodal language from campaigns that prevent HIV/AIDS, mainly focusing in the Cognitive Linguistics perspective by incorporating the approach of regional, cultural and identity factors that are present in the production of these campaigns. In view of that, the guidelines indicated by models of care and public health policies in Brazil were investigated, notably in the case of AIDS. The study also evaluates how social marketing works in an attempt to create better living conditions for all through the use of advertising as a tool to help spreading these concepts. In this research, metaphors and multimodal metonymies, hich appeal to several regions with different characteristics, are brought to light and analyzed. This approach method is used to observe how the advertising language uses these features to provoke reactions of attitudinal and behavioral nature on the target audience. In order to meet this proposition, a corpus was built with the use of eight posters and two billboards of advertising campaigns that were spread in different parts of the country between 2009 and 2015, more than 30 years after the emergence of the epidemic. The study is based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory proposed by George Lakoff, Mark Johnson and associated authors, as well as in studies of multimodality especially developed by Charles Forceville and other authors cited in the course of the analysis. Through this study is possible to conclude that verbal and visual metaphors/metonymies show regional, cultural and identity traces, bringing together the language of the target audience and highlighting specifics that drive the perceptual process of receivers, which contributes to the effectiveness of the messages that stimulate change of habits and behaviors.

No description available.

This study proposes to blend contemporary educational research in order to design an online instructional environment. The goal was to create an environment that would better educate learners about grammar use in higher education, given the complexity of the rule learning that was being asked of them. By blending approaches from tested educational research on cognitive information processing theories, schema theories, and situated cognitive theories in order to determine how language rules are best learned, eight design principles were derived for the instructional environment. A prototype of the environment was then developed. Two series of formative evaluations, one with a group of subject-matter experts (teachers, linguists, and instructional designers) and one with a group of students, were run against the instruction. Overall, it was found that a database-driven website employing user-defined variables to customize the instruction for each individual user was a useful way to achieve the goals of the study. / Ph. D.

Text in Afrikaans / Twee sentrale probleme word hier ondersoek, naamlik die daarstelling van 'n teoreties adekwate model om leksikale valensie te verreken en die problematiek rondom die beskrywing van Afrikaanse bewegingswerkwoorde. Die vertrekpunt is dat 'n teorie van UG lesikale valensie slegs ten dele verreken. So 'n teorie is gemoeid met die vorm van 'n konstruksie wat op LF-vlak leesbaar is. Gevolglik beskryf 'n teorie van UG valensie net in universele sintakties-kategoriale terme. In hierdie studie word die semantiese en pragmatiese komponente van 'n valensieteorie derhalwe uitgebou sodat daar 'n duideliker begrip verkry kan word van die wisselwerking tussen alle veranderlikes van valensie op 'n taalspesifieke LF-vlak. 'n Valensieteorie word op eklektiese wyse saamgestel uit verskeie ander teoriee. Die apparaat om die sintaktiese komponent van 'n valensieteorie te beskryf, word aan TGGmodelle ontleen. Die semantiese komponent van die teorie word aangevul vanuit die Konseptuele Semantiek en die pragmatiese komponent daarvan vanui t kogni ti ewe grammatikamodelle. Die interaksie tussen hierdie komponente word verreken deur teoriee van leksikalisasie, korrespondensiereels en die passing tussen konstruksies en leksikale items. Die ontleding van Afrikaanse bewegingswerkwoorde spesif iseer die omvattender anali tiese apparaat wat nodig is vir die verrekening van valensie verby die punt waarvoor 'n teorie van UG voorsiening maak. Dit blyk uit hierdie analise dat die valensie van die kategorie in 'n aantal valensieraambeskrywings vir die aparte subklasse saamgevat kan word. 'n Duidelike beeld van die universele en taalspesifiekidiosinkratiese aspekte van hierdie kategorie kan in terme van hierdie valensierame aangetoon word. 'n Verdere hipotese (die onakkusatiwiteithipotese) is dat die sintaktiese verspreiding van werkwoorde ui t hulle semantiek voorspel kan word. Hierdie hipotese word getoets aan die empiriese data van Afrikaanse bewegingswerkwoorde. Hierdie bewegingswerkwoorde word in groepe geklassifiseer na gelang van ooreenstemmende semanties-pragmatiese kenmerke. Daar word getoon dat bewegingswerkwoorde met dieself de semantiespragmatiese kenmerke dieselfde valensierame het. Valensierame is daarom op sistematiese wyse uit semanties-pragmatiese kenmerke afleibaar. Sekere fasette van valensierame word egter ook bepaal deur konvensies soos profilering, en deur bereelde interaksie met 'n basiese konstruksie se argumentstruktuur. / This thesis focuses on the development of a theoretically adequate model to account for lexical valence and to provide the detail for such a model by means of an analysis of Afrikaans verbs of motion. The thesis is a response to a theory of UG which inadequately accounts for lexical valence. A theory of UG is concerned with the universal syntactic form of a construction that is legible on LF level. It therefore describes valence in universal syntactic-categorial terms only. This thesis develops the semantic and pragmatic components of a theory of valence in order that a clearer understanding may be gained of the interaction between all the variables of valence on a language specific LF level. A theory of valence is construed eclectically from several other theories. TGG models provide the methods used to describe the syntactic component of a theory of valence. Conceptual Semantics contributes to the development of the semantic component, and models of cognitive grammar to the pragmatic component. The interaction between these components is explained by theories of lexicalisation, rules of correspondence and the fusion of constructions and lexical items. The analysis of Afrikaans verbs of motion provides the comprehensive set of analytical devices required to account for valence beyond the point of LF. From this analysis it emerges that the valence of this category can be summarized in a finite number of frames of valence for distinct classes within the category. 'n Clear understanding of the universal and language specific aspects of this category is achieved by means of these frames of valence. A further hypothesis (the unaccusativity hypothesis) posits that the syntactic distribution of verbs can be predicted from their semantics. This hypothesis is tested by means of empirical data of Afrikaans verbs of motion. These verbs are classified according to similar semantic-pragmatic features. It is shown that verbs of motion with the same semanticpragmatic features share frames of valence. These frames thus are deducible systematically from semantic-pragmatic features. Certain aspects of frames of valence, however, are determined by conventions such as profiling and the regulated interaction between verbs and constructions. / Afrikaans / D.Litt. et Phil. (Afrikaans)

Text in Afrikaans / Twee sentrale probleme word hier ondersoek, naamlik die daarstelling van 'n teoreties adekwate model om leksikale valensie te verreken en die problematiek rondom die beskrywing van Afrikaanse bewegingswerkwoorde. Die vertrekpunt is dat 'n teorie van UG lesikale valensie slegs ten dele verreken. So 'n teorie is gemoeid met die vorm van 'n konstruksie wat op LF-vlak leesbaar is. Gevolglik beskryf 'n teorie van UG valensie net in universele sintakties-kategoriale terme. In hierdie studie word die semantiese en pragmatiese komponente van 'n valensieteorie derhalwe uitgebou sodat daar 'n duideliker begrip verkry kan word van die wisselwerking tussen alle veranderlikes van valensie op 'n taalspesifieke LF-vlak. 'n Valensieteorie word op eklektiese wyse saamgestel uit verskeie ander teoriee. Die apparaat om die sintaktiese komponent van 'n valensieteorie te beskryf, word aan TGGmodelle ontleen. Die semantiese komponent van die teorie word aangevul vanuit die Konseptuele Semantiek en die pragmatiese komponent daarvan vanui t kogni ti ewe grammatikamodelle. Die interaksie tussen hierdie komponente word verreken deur teoriee van leksikalisasie, korrespondensiereels en die passing tussen konstruksies en leksikale items. Die ontleding van Afrikaanse bewegingswerkwoorde spesif iseer die omvattender anali tiese apparaat wat nodig is vir die verrekening van valensie verby die punt waarvoor 'n teorie van UG voorsiening maak. Dit blyk uit hierdie analise dat die valensie van die kategorie in 'n aantal valensieraambeskrywings vir die aparte subklasse saamgevat kan word. 'n Duidelike beeld van die universele en taalspesifiekidiosinkratiese aspekte van hierdie kategorie kan in terme van hierdie valensierame aangetoon word. 'n Verdere hipotese (die onakkusatiwiteithipotese) is dat die sintaktiese verspreiding van werkwoorde ui t hulle semantiek voorspel kan word. Hierdie hipotese word getoets aan die empiriese data van Afrikaanse bewegingswerkwoorde. Hierdie bewegingswerkwoorde word in groepe geklassifiseer na gelang van ooreenstemmende semanties-pragmatiese kenmerke. Daar word getoon dat bewegingswerkwoorde met dieself de semantiespragmatiese kenmerke dieselfde valensierame het. Valensierame is daarom op sistematiese wyse uit semanties-pragmatiese kenmerke afleibaar. Sekere fasette van valensierame word egter ook bepaal deur konvensies soos profilering, en deur bereelde interaksie met 'n basiese konstruksie se argumentstruktuur. / This thesis focuses on the development of a theoretically adequate model to account for lexical valence and to provide the detail for such a model by means of an analysis of Afrikaans verbs of motion. The thesis is a response to a theory of UG which inadequately accounts for lexical valence. A theory of UG is concerned with the universal syntactic form of a construction that is legible on LF level. It therefore describes valence in universal syntactic-categorial terms only. This thesis develops the semantic and pragmatic components of a theory of valence in order that a clearer understanding may be gained of the interaction between all the variables of valence on a language specific LF level. A theory of valence is construed eclectically from several other theories. TGG models provide the methods used to describe the syntactic component of a theory of valence. Conceptual Semantics contributes to the development of the semantic component, and models of cognitive grammar to the pragmatic component. The interaction between these components is explained by theories of lexicalisation, rules of correspondence and the fusion of constructions and lexical items. The analysis of Afrikaans verbs of motion provides the comprehensive set of analytical devices required to account for valence beyond the point of LF. From this analysis it emerges that the valence of this category can be summarized in a finite number of frames of valence for distinct classes within the category. 'n Clear understanding of the universal and language specific aspects of this category is achieved by means of these frames of valence. A further hypothesis (the unaccusativity hypothesis) posits that the syntactic distribution of verbs can be predicted from their semantics. This hypothesis is tested by means of empirical data of Afrikaans verbs of motion. These verbs are classified according to similar semantic-pragmatic features. It is shown that verbs of motion with the same semanticpragmatic features share frames of valence. These frames thus are deducible systematically from semantic-pragmatic features. Certain aspects of frames of valence, however, are determined by conventions such as profiling and the regulated interaction between verbs and constructions. / Afrikaans / D.Litt. et Phil. (Afrikaans)

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis offers a description of the semantic potential of the Biblical Hebrew lexeme '7l! in Genesis, Psalms, and Chronicles according to a cognitive linguistic perspective. This specific linguistic approach offers a theoretical framework of how humans cognitively organize lexical meaning, which is advantageous for highly polysemous lexemes, such as '7lJ. The need for this study arises because existing Biblical Hebrew resources do not utilize such a framework as is evidenced by their lists of translation equivalents, rather than full descriptions of meanings, and their lack of a clearly defined semantic model underlying their lexical treatment. However, they do provide a starting point that can be built upon with a cognitive linguistic based methodology. Such a methodology is found in Tyler and Evans (2007) case study of over, a frequent English translation of '7lJ. Tyler and Evans (2007) present how to determine the most prototypical semantic sense (i.e., the Proto-Scene) and how to distinguish between other distinct semantic senses, all of which represent the lexeme's semantic potential. This thesis heuristically utilizes this methodology while strongly considering three other factors. First, the syntactic frame surrounding '7l! is evaluated to assess how syntactic information, specifically verbal valency, contributes to the preposition's semantic value. Second, the frequency of each semantic category is assessed to determine possible insight into prototypicality within the defined corpus. Third, a radial structure is proposed to represent the semantic relationships between the prototypical and nonprototypical categories. This type of organization illustrates a clearly defined semantic model underlying the lexical treatment. This study first describes the Proto-Scene, which involves one entity over or upon another. Then, fifteen other distinct semantic categories of '7l! are presented within a radial structure (i.e. The Vertical Cluster: More, Superior, and Control; Contingent Locative; Accompaniment, In, To, Oppositional, For, Frontal, Causal, Norm, Focus of Attention, Instrumental, and Psalms Titles). Finally, the various senses for the morphologically complex lexemes are proposed. These include '7l!1;1 (i.e. From Upon, Away From, Above, and Contingent Locative) and '7l!=? (i.e. As Concerning). / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis heskryf die semantiese potensiaal van die Byhelse Hehreeuse lekseem ?~ in Genesis, Psalms en Kronieke vanuit die perspektief van kognitiewe taalkunde. Hierdie taalkundige model hied 'n teoretiese raamwerk van hoe mense leksikale hetekenis kognitief organiseer. So 'n teoretiese raamwerk is haie geskik vir die heskrywing van 'n polisemiese lekseem soos ?~. Die hehoefte aan 'n meer toereikende teoretiese raamwerk hlyk uit die manier waarop hestaande Byhels-Hehreeuse hulphronne die lekseem heskryf, hyvoorheeld, hulle hied weinig meer as lyste van vertalingsekwiwalente. Hulle hied, nietemin, 'n heginpunt waarop voortgehou kan word met hehulp van 'n kognitiewe taalkundige model. So 'n metodologie word gevind in Tyler en Evans (2007) se gevallestudie van "over", 'n gehruiklike Engelse ekwiwalent vir?~. Tyler en Evans dui aan hoe om die mees prototipiese semantiese hetekenis ( d.i. die "proto-toneel" of "proto-scene") vas te stel, asook hoe om tussen die ander semantiese nuanses ("senses") te onderskei. AI hierdie nuanses verteenwoordig die lekseem se semantiese potensiaal. Hierdie tesis maak op 'n heuristiese wyse gehruik van hierdie metodologie. Terselfde tyd neem dit drie ander faktore in aanmerking: Eerstens, word die sintaktiese raamwerk waarin ?~ voorkom, vasgestel ten einde te hepaal hoe sintaktiese informasie, veral werkwoordelike valensie, hydra tot die semantiese potensiaal van die voorsetsel. Tweedens, word die frekwensie van elke semantiese kategorie hepaal om tot moontlike insigte rakende prototipiese gehruike hinne die vasgestelde korpus te kom. Derdens, word 'n sg. "radial structure" voorgestel om die semantiese verhoudings tussen die prototipiese en nie-prototipiese kategoriee te illustreer. Hierdie studie heskryf, eerstens, die proto-toneel, wat een entiteit bo-oor of op 'n ander hehels. Daama word vyftien ander afsonderlike semantiese kategoriee van ?~ hinne 'n "radial structure" voorgestel ( d.i. die Vertikale Groep: Meer, Superior en Beheer; "Contingent" Lokatief; Begeleiding, In, Na, Teenoor, Vir, Voor, Oorsaaklik, Norm, Fokus van Aandag, Instrumenteel, en Psalmopskrifte ). Laastens, word voorstelle gemaak in verhand met die verskeie hetekenisse van die morphologies-komplekse lekseme ?~~ (d.i. Weg van ho-op, Weg van, Bo, en "Contingent" Lokatief) en ?~:p (d.i. Met Betrekking Tot).

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux différents paradoxes que suscitent les unités lexicales irréel/unreal en grammaire et en linguistique. Il repose, pour ce faire, sur un large corpus français et anglophone d’ouvrages de terminologie linguistique et de grammaires de l’anglais publiées entre le 16e siècle et le 21e siècle. Si de nombreuses études se sont en effet intéressées à l’expression grammaticale de l’irréel, peu se sont penchées sur les discontinuités qui existent entre le mot de la langue générale et le terme tel qu’il est employé dans ces deux domaines de connaissances. Conventionnelle dans la tradition grammaticale française, mais nébuleuse, voire inappropriée pour certains linguistes, l’unité lexicale irréel semble pâtir d’un caractère protéiforme qui pose la question de son statut conceptuel, de la délimitation de son périmètre sémantique et de son utilité pour les grammaires de l’anglais. Notre travail sur corpus s’attache ainsi à étudier la conceptualisation de la notion d’irréalité, à expliquer et tenter de résoudre le problème posé par le foisonnement de ses avatars terminologiques dans les grammaires françaises et anglophones de l’anglais. Nous démontrons qu’eu égard à la façon dont le terme irréel est conçu dans les ouvrages de notre corpus, il apparaît fallacieux d’appréhender le non-factuel de façon binaire (procès actualisés vs procès non-actualisés). À partir d’une lecture sociocognitive du terme irréel, nous proposons donc une modélisation qui conçoit sa structure en termes de prototype. / Based on a vast corpus of grammars and dictionaries of linguistic terminology, all published between the 16th and the 21st centuries in the French and Anglophone traditions, this thesis exposes and unravels the paradoxes raised by the term irréel and its equivalent unreal(ity). If several studies have indeed analysed the linguistic expression of unreality in present-day English, only few have shed light on the discontinuity between the unspecialised use of the term and the specialised one. Notwithstanding that it is a conventional term in the French grammatical tradition, irréel and its equivalent unreal(ity) are often portrayed as referring to nebulous and abstract notions, with polymorphic terminological manifestations, which explains why their adequacy and usefulness are at stake in linguistic descriptions. Our corpus-based approach thus seeks to explain and ultimately solve the problem posed by the complex terminological web that arises out of these notions. A careful perusal of our corpus reveals that, in view of the way unreality is conceptualised in French and Anglophone grammars, non-factuality cannot be conceived as a binary category. In line with the socio-cognitive approach to terminology, we suggest a modelisation of unreality that is articulated around a prototype structure.