The popularity of the Twilight saga, enhanced by the film adaptations of the books, sparked a series of interesting reactions of fans. One was the creation of “Team Edward” and “Team Jacob,” in which fans aligned with one or the other character and argue about which one of them could be a better romantic partner. This study explores the messages the movies are sending to young girls around the world about what are the traits of the “ideal” male romantic partner as portrayed through the characters of Edward and Jacob. A textual analysis of the first three movie adaptations of the saga, Twilight (2008), New Moon (2009), and Eclipse (2010) was conducted. Based in social cognitive theory and using a feminist critical approach, I argue that these messages might be teaching young girls lessons about relationships that are up to certain degree dangerous, some of them perpetuating patriarchy.

Active transportation (AT) is a form of physical activity involving human-powered transportation (e.g., walking) and is associated with health benefits. However, the majority of Canadians do not use AT. Although environmental factors, such as proximity, are correlated with AT, interventions to change such factors have been ineffective. According to social cognitive theory, both environmental and personal factors (i.e., social and spatial cognitions) may influence motivated behaviour. The social cognitions of interest in the present study included self-regulatory efficacy to schedule (i.e., confidence to regularly schedule walking for AT), and to overcome barriers (i.e., confidence to cope with barriers to walking for AT). Spatial cognitions included distance and travel time cognitions. The purpose of the study was to examine whether social cognitive personal factors (i.e., scheduling self-efficacy, barriers self-efficacy), spatial cognitive personal factors (i.e., distance and travel time cognitions), and an environmental factor (i.e., proximity) were associated with walking for AT to/from a university campus over a two-week period in a convenience sample of adults. Participants in this prospective observational study were a convenience sample of 105 students, faculty, and staff at a western Canadian university, who ranged in age from 17 to 55 years (M = 24.62 years, SD = 8.15). Participants completed three online surveys over a two-week period. Social cognitions for the following two-week period and spatial cognitions were assessed at Time 1. Recall of walking for AT to/from a university campus in the previous week was assessed at Time 2 and Time 3. Total walking for AT to/from campus over the two-week period was the outcome variable. The overall hierarchical multiple regression model predicting AT from the social and spatial cognitions and proximity was significant (R2adjusted = .53; p < .01). As hypothesized, scheduling (ßstd = .44, p < .01) and barriers (ßstd = .23, p < .05) self-efficacy were associated with AT. Scheduling self-efficacy was the strongest predictor. Contrary to hypotheses, distance and travel time cognitions and proximity were not significant (ps > .05). Social cognitions, particularly self-regulatory efficacy to schedule, and efficacy to overcome barriers, may play an important role in individuals use of walking for AT to/from a university campus. Future research should continue to examine social cognitive-theory based personal and environmental predictors of AT, such as self-regulatory efficacy to goal set, outcome expectations, the weather and residential density, to better understand potential determinants of this health-promoting type of physical activity.

The Internet has continued to reach new audience members and is an integral part of United States society. Social Cognitive Theory addresses the impact of the environment on health behavior, providing justification for surveillance of the digital environment in health behavior research. Health information headlines from two highly trafficked news sites were analyzed using content analysis. Search terms used were health, Blacks, African American, ethnicity and 2011. The headlines were coded by independent graduate level individuals and assessed for nine indices of interest. There were 209 headlines analyzed for the study. Headlines contained health information that correlated with social predictors and indicators for moral exclusion and social injustice. This study indicates that racial assumptions continue to be evident in the reporting of news and the conveyance of health information, assumptions that shape attitudes for research, policy and practice.

Active transportation (AT) is a form of physical activity involving human-powered transportation (e.g., walking) and is associated with health benefits. However, the majority of Canadians do not use AT. Although environmental factors, such as proximity, are correlated with AT, interventions to change such factors have been ineffective. According to social cognitive theory, both environmental and personal factors (i.e., social and spatial cognitions) may influence motivated behaviour. The social cognitions of interest in the present study included self-regulatory efficacy to schedule (i.e., confidence to regularly schedule walking for AT), and to overcome barriers (i.e., confidence to cope with barriers to walking for AT). Spatial cognitions included distance and travel time cognitions. The purpose of the study was to examine whether social cognitive personal factors (i.e., scheduling self-efficacy, barriers self-efficacy), spatial cognitive personal factors (i.e., distance and travel time cognitions), and an environmental factor (i.e., proximity) were associated with walking for AT to/from a university campus over a two-week period in a convenience sample of adults. Participants in this prospective observational study were a convenience sample of 105 students, faculty, and staff at a western Canadian university, who ranged in age from 17 to 55 years (M = 24.62 years, SD = 8.15). Participants completed three online surveys over a two-week period. Social cognitions for the following two-week period and spatial cognitions were assessed at Time 1. Recall of walking for AT to/from a university campus in the previous week was assessed at Time 2 and Time 3. Total walking for AT to/from campus over the two-week period was the outcome variable. The overall hierarchical multiple regression model predicting AT from the social and spatial cognitions and proximity was significant (R2adjusted = .53; p < .01). As hypothesized, scheduling (ßstd = .44, p < .01) and barriers (ßstd = .23, p < .05) self-efficacy were associated with AT. Scheduling self-efficacy was the strongest predictor. Contrary to hypotheses, distance and travel time cognitions and proximity were not significant (ps > .05). Social cognitions, particularly self-regulatory efficacy to schedule, and efficacy to overcome barriers, may play an important role in individuals use of walking for AT to/from a university campus. Future research should continue to examine social cognitive-theory based personal and environmental predictors of AT, such as self-regulatory efficacy to goal set, outcome expectations, the weather and residential density, to better understand potential determinants of this health-promoting type of physical activity.

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This study uses Business Next magazine 2008 number one rating 3C product discussion group website Mobile01¡¦s ¡§open box experience¡¨ professional writers as study objects. The purpose of this study is to explore ¡§open box experience¡¨ sharing phenomenon and to understand writers¡¦ motivation and feedback in order to analyze the website management implication on this phenomenon. This study is based on soial cognitive theory, explores each dimension based on social cognitive theory and related items. The structure of this study includes people (capacity, attainment, enjoyment, positive feedback outcome expectation), environment (source of the product, exchange, feedback), behavior (the process of open box experience publication, reactions to feedback). This study adapts case study method. Researcher explored related journals, observed study object website. Based on the basic question categorization structure to construct interview questions, invited ¡§open box experience¡¨ experts and conducted open-ended expert in-depth interview. After each interview, the interview contents were typed into transcription. The transcription and the website data were used to describe ¡§open box experience¡¨ sharing phenomenon. Then the theme words which are related to the study were extracted from the transcription and became this study¡¦s basic elements. There are 264 themes extracted, coded and categorized in order to focus on the question. Finally, there are 252 effective themes selected and analyzed. Based on the major study findings, there are two conclusions: 1. The motivation of ¡§open box experience¡¨ writing is based on people¡¦s capacity, attainment and enjoyment. It also resulted by positive feedback outcome expectation by ¡§self purchase¡¨ or product source provided by online environment as well as exchange and feedback. 2. Negative feedback can result in keeping ¡§open box experience¡¨ writers from sharing and cause the lost of information for websites. Based on the above conclusions, this study provides suggestions to website owners, administrators, product vendors, ¡§open box experience¡¨ writers and readers. The suggestions can be used as references for website owners, administrators, product vendors when they are forming management strategies.

Virtual community has long been a hot topic in e-commerce that some people even think only virtual community management is the feasible way to develop e-commerce. Therefore, almost all types of websites intend to step into the virtual community management and the websites that completely emphasize on the community has been springing up like mushrooms. The cost for the construction of a virtual community website is not so high like that for any other type of website and the website techniques and commercial model are easy to be imitated and duplicated. So running a virtual website is not difficult, however, how to operate an active and successful virtual community needs not only efforts but also skills. For a virtual community, the value of community is built on the rich knowledge about community and the accumulation of knowledge about community depends on the knowledge-sharing among community members. Therefore, the promotion of knowledge-sharing behaviors in a community has been an important topic for the community operators. With social cognitive theory as the core, this research tries to explore the effects of the aspects of environment and individual on the knowledge-sharing behaviors by community members and understand the relationship between the knowledge-sharing behaviors as well as knowledge quality and the satisfaction and consumer behavior in the community. The results of research can be inducted into following points: 1) the ¡§knowledge-sharing behaviors¡¨ by the virtual community is primarily and positively affected by the ¡§identification-based trust¡¨, the ¡§self-efficacy of members¡¨, the ¡§expectation of personal results¡¨ and the ¡§expectation of community related results¡¨; 2) the ¡§self-efficacy of knowledge-sharing¡¨ by community members is positively affected by the ¡§identification-based trust¡¨; 3) the ¡§satisfaction¡¨ of the community members is positively affected by the ¡§knowledge-sharing behaviors¡¨, the ¡§knowledge quality¡¨; 4) the ¡§consumer behavior¡¨ by the community members is positively affected by the ¡§satisfaction¡¨ of the community.

In recent years, people using information technology more to meet their demand for entertainment. For example, on-line game, MP3, on-line TV, movies and so on, which are belong such technology. The increasing of this demand is accompanied the growth of motivation and behavior of piracy. This study focused on recognize and decision pattern of behavior that downloading unauthorized movies, and tried to join the emotion impact, and, understanding college students¡¦ intention of downloading. The research model of this study based on triangle interaction from Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and its core ¢w Self-efficacy, and developing questionnaire from literature review. The questionnaire measuring the social cognize and personal belief about the behavior which downloading unauthorized movies, and make up an movie with text and post, in order to engagement into the situation, and measuring the impact of intention. The results showed that the research model based on SCT will explain the detail of motivations and decision making about the intention to illegal downloading of common college students, and verified that emotion have the impact in decision making process. According to result, we recommend the irrational factor to research about piracy. For practice, we recommend the preventive of piracy will not only by viewpoint of ¡§crime¡¨ but also by investigate the motivation of piracy.

<p>Companies spend considerable amounts of money on implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. The implementation of an ERP system is risky since it involves the core administrative processes used to give a good customer service, plan and monitor production, handle suppliers and monitor the financial effectiveness of the company. It is quite clear that a wrongly managed ERP implementation can cause lower customer satisfaction and weakening trust from the market. These are effects that companies can’t afford in most markets were competition is very strong and customer service is the key to future improved business. One very important part to minimize the risk in such projects is to focus on change management and knowledge transfer to the end users. The end users need to be equipped with the right knowledge in the new ERP system from day one, otherwise the risks grow considerable. Missing knowledge can cost missed deliveries, customer complaints, financial claims and most importantly lower compatibility on the market. This thesis builds a framework with main points to consider when building a positive learning environment and how to break the information wall so that the trainer can get through with the message.</p>

Regular physical activity engagement is associated with decreased risk of obesity; however, interventions to increase physical activity targeting African Americans have not been effective in achieving increased physical activity participation. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe self-reported physical activity in parents of young (ages 6-12 years) African American children, personal and environmental factors related to these parents’ physical activity, and parents’ perceptions of the outcomes of their own physical activity behaviors. The Social Cognitive Theory provided the theoretical framework for this study. A convenience sample of 130 African American parents of young children were recruited from community sites and a local organization. Of those, 127 (87 females, 40 males) completed the online study survey. Following data cleaning according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scoring protocol, 96 subjects were included in the analyses for this study. Subjects completed an IPAQ-short form (IPAQ-S), Knowledge of Physical Activity Guidelines Questionnaire, Multidimensional Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (MSES), Multidimensional Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale (MOEES), the MacArthur Subjective Social Status (SSS) Scale, Physical Activity Neighborhood Environmental Scale (PANES), and African American Acculturation Scale-Revised (AAAS-R)-Preference for African American Things subscale. The majority of parents/caregivers were female (59%) under the age of 45 (91%) residing in South Side, Chicago. Over 20% had more than one child ages 6-12 years in their household with reported incomes more than $75,000 annually (60%). The correlations using Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient between the variables of knowledge, physical environment, and physical activity were moderate to weak. There was a moderate negative agreement found between knowledge and physical activity. Knowledge was significantly related to parents/caregivers’ levels of activity (METs/week), rς =-.30, p<.05. There was a weak positive association found between physical environment and physical activity. Physical environment was significantly related to parents/caregivers’ level of activity (METs/week), rς =.25, p<.05. Predictors of physical activity participation in this population were perceived self-efficacy and physical environment. Almost 33% of variance in physical activity levels were explained by perceived self-efficacy b=0.12, SE b=0.05, β=.21, t(84)=2.20, p=.030; physical environment b=0.73, SE b=0.21, β=.33, t(84)=3.56, p=.001; and a significant inverse relation with knowledge b=-2.26, SE b=0.94, β=-.25, t(84)=-2.42, p=.018. Findings indicate the strength of self-confidence and physical environment in influencing physical activity behavior. Findings support the need for more research in identifying predictors of physical activity participation among African American parents of young children.