This paper mainly deals with a special but highly-developing industry in China, net game industry. Due to the significant construction and improvement have been happening at China since 30 years ago, and the influence of traditional culture, population boom or demographic dividend and the invasion of western technologies and cultures, net game industry, which has been only existing for less than 15 years at China, has become one of most profitable industries and changed the living of millions of people. The goal of this essay is to explore the economic performance of networks during last dozen years in China and find the drivers and reasons. By picking up the data between 2001 and 2013, sufficient data and researches will be provided for the study for the network games in China.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MEng (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted

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This study aims to investigate the identity of the individuals, presumed to have been a part of the early eastern trade network who were laid to rest in Birka. The study is a case study over ten graves containing dirhems and aims to answer three research questions: In what grave contexts are early dirhems found, and can they be seen as an indication of the buried status? Have the dirhems and its eastern trade network affected the grave context regarding its layout, type or are there other networks visible in the grave? And investigating the possibility of using dirhems in grave contexts to study identity, religion or knowledge related to the use of dirhems? The main results of the study shows that generally the older dirhems are in the study connected to high status in regard to the burialtype rather than the value or amount of grave goods. The individuals that were buried with the older dirhems (dated before 800) have overall no clear material traces of trade with western trade networks. The study shows that early dirhems could be used to investigate identity by comparing it with other factors such as burial type, grave goods, placement and modification or fragmentation.

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The aim of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between political authority and economic change in the tenth to twelfth centuries AD. This is often interpreted as a period of dramatic economic and political upheaval; enormous growth in commerce, the emergence of an urban network and increasingly centralised polities are all indicative of this process. Ireland has rarely been considered in discussion of this sort but analysis of Ireland’s political economy has much to contribute to the debate. This will be tackled through a consideration of the coinage struck in Ireland between c.995 and 1170 with focus upon the two themes of production and usage. In analysing this material the scale and scope of a monetary economy, the importance of commerce and the controlling aspects of royal authority will each be addressed. The approach deployed is also overtly comparative with material from other contemporary areas, particularly England and Norway, used to provide context. Ultimately, in seeking to analyse these questions within this comparative context, the issue of where economic agency behind changes in the European economy will be considered. Chapters 1 and 2 situate the research within the wider scholarly debate and precise historical context respectively. Chapters 3 to 6 are a consideration of the manner in which the Hiberno-Scandinavian coinage was produced and administered. This reassesses questions of the scale of production, administration and the role of royal authority in the production of the coinage based upon a comprehensive re-categorisation and re-dating of the material. Chapters 7 and 8 concern the use of coins in the urban environment of Dublin and across the entirety of Ireland, with coinage analysed within its archaeological contexts. Ultimately, this thesis suggests that monetary economy and levels of commerce were substantial, variable and yet relatively geographically constrained. When considered in relationship to contemporary political contexts, the importance of royal authority in directing the economy is determined to be minimal with agency behind economic change seen to rest with an urban, mercantile community.

ABSTRACT DIFFERENTIATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTERFEIT AND REAL COINS BY APPLYING STATISTICAL METHODS Tansel, I&ccedil / ten M.Sc, Archaeometry Graduate Program Supervisor : Assist. Prof. Dr. Zeynep Isil Kalaylioglu Co-Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Sahinde Demirci June 2012, 105 pages In this study, forty coins which were obtained from Museum of Anatolian Civilizations (MAC) in Ankara were investigated. Some of those coins were real (twenty two coins) and the remaining ones (eighteen coins) were fake coins. Forty coins were Greek coins which were dated back to middle of the fifth century BCE and reign of Alexander the Great (323 &ndash / 336 BCE). The major aims of this study can be summarized as follow

Les fissures et les nids-de-poule sont des défauts très présents sur les routes du réseau routier québécois. Un bon contrôle de la qualité lors de la pose de l’enrobé bitumineux permet de diminuer les risques d’apparition de ces défauts. Le ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) utilise la thermographie infrarouge afin de détecter les zones non conformes, soit celles qui deviendront des nids-de-poule ou des fissures. Des variations thermiques sur l’image infrarouge permettent la détection de ces zones. Toutefois, les logiciels utilisés par le MTQ ne sont pas appropriés pour détecter les zones non conformes. Ce mémoire présente deux méthodes de détection automatique des zones non conformes. La première permet l’analyse des images prises par une caméra thermique alors que la seconde permet d’analyser en continu les données provenant d’un scanneur infrarouge. Ces deux méthodes utilisent des techniques de segmentation afin de détecter les zones non conformes. Elles permettent l’analyse automatique des données sans qu’aucune intervention humaine ne soit nécessaire.

Little detailed analysis has been undertaken which looks at the coin in the context of the burial. Their numismatic information is discussed in detail in excavation reports but little or no attempt is made to investigate the function of the coin. In many cases they are simply regarded as payments to Charon, the ferryman of Greek mythology, for the journey to the afterlife; an interpretation based on classical literature. Earliest research into the subject tended to look for evidence for ‘Charon’s Obol’ using the information in the Greek and Roman sources with little or no reference to the archaeological material. This did not allow for a full understanding of their presence and meaning. Publication of Gorecki’s Studien zur Sitte Münzbeigabe in römerzeitlichen Körpergräbern’ (BRGK 56, 1975) and Cantilena’s Un obolo per Caronte? (PdP 50, 1995) significantly changed methodology by analysing burial remains but even these are limited. They look very specifically at one part of the Empire and a single aspect of the coin in the burial, i.e. location and thus are not sufficiently detailed to find patterns which can be tested in different areas of the Roman Empire. This work is a systematic analysis of the coin in the context of the burial using case studies from cemeteries from Roman Italy, Germany, Britain and unconquered Scandinavia (as a comparison to the Imperial evidence). It takes a database of c. 450-500 burials from each of the areas (with the exception of Denmark which has fewer examples) and investigates the pre-Roman tradition, chronological distribution of the practice, the metal type and number of coins used, the length of time between coin and burial date, pierced coins and associated grave goods. The aims are as follows: - Thoroughly investigate the coin in the context of the burial in each of the case study areas and compare the patterns identified; - Explore the origin and spread of this custom, from early Greece to Italy across the Roman Empire and beyond, while investigating the potential religious or social meanings of the practice and its distribution; - Chart the evolution and the possible reasons for changes and modifications to the practice over space and time; - Assess the significance of my findings in terms of the transmission of cultural traditions or religious beliefs and practices between ancient societies.

Issuance of money by the central bank and its prospect after accession to the European Monetary Union (abstract) The presented thesis analyzes the problems of issuance of money by the Central Bank in the Czech Republic. The issuance of money is analyzed particularly from the viewpoint of its legal regulation but attention is also paid to its practical implementation in the official practice of our Central Bank. The aim of the thesis is to comprehensively elaborate substantial part of the legal regulation in this area. Attention is paid particularly to applicable legal regulation but also to regulations that have been repealed in the period from establishment of the Czech Republic to the present time. This area of our day to day life has not been frequently explored and there is only minimum related financial-law literature. This, on the other hand, provides more space for the analysis of little known information from official practice. The first part of the thesis provides an overview of the history of issuance of money in our territory after 1918. Initially, it deals with the Austro-Hungarian crown currency and its banknotes and coins that had been circulating in this country after the establishment of the independent Czechoslovak state. It further analyzes the development of cash circulation of the...