<p>This essay contents a theme-centred study of Elsa Grave’s poetry. It presents an all-pervading featured doom-theme and illuminates three motifs and attitudes through which the theme is featured. The presentation includes analyses that bear in mind the double perspectives within Grave’s poems – the subjective and the universal, where also an omnipresent political attitude is represented. The structure of the essay is constituted in the division of the three motifs: an-nihilation and resignation, motherhood and opposition and underworld and retrogression. Symbols adhered to the theme is presented and analysed in the examining text. The study uses and relates to facts about Graves’ life and recounts for her childhood’s visit in a mine that reflects in the metaphorical language of the poems. The survey exposition shows how Grave’s writing thematic and symbolic consistently returns to the underworld of the mine, where also the study comes down and finishes.</p>

This essay contents a theme-centred study of Elsa Grave’s poetry. It presents an all-pervading featured doom-theme and illuminates three motifs and attitudes through which the theme is featured. The presentation includes analyses that bear in mind the double perspectives within Grave’s poems – the subjective and the universal, where also an omnipresent political attitude is represented. The structure of the essay is constituted in the division of the three motifs: an-nihilation and resignation, motherhood and opposition and underworld and retrogression. Symbols adhered to the theme is presented and analysed in the examining text. The study uses and relates to facts about Graves’ life and recounts for her childhood’s visit in a mine that reflects in the metaphorical language of the poems. The survey exposition shows how Grave’s writing thematic and symbolic consistently returns to the underworld of the mine, where also the study comes down and finishes.

En cas d’accident grave sur un réacteur à eau sous pression, l’évaluation de la quantité d’iode susceptible d’être rejetée dans l’environnement revêt une grande importance du fait de la radiotoxicité et du caractère volatil de cet élément. A ce jour, les connaissances acquises et les modèles utilisés ne permettent pas de rendre compte complètement du comportement de l’iode observé lors d’essais à grande échelle (programme PHEBUS-FP). Ces essais ont mis en évidence le rôle de la chimie hydrothermale de produits de fission (PF) tels que Cs et Mo sur la formation d’iode gazeux dans le circuit primaire. Des expériences de laboratoire dans un montage spécialement conçu reproduisent la chimie de mélanges CsI/MoO3 sous vapeur d’eau entre 1600 et 150°C. Les analyses globales (ICP-MS, DRX) et locales (MEBE-EDX, microspectrométrie Raman) ont permis d’identifier CsI, MoO3,xH2O et Cs2MonO3n+1 (n=1,2,3,5,7) dans les particules d’aérosols submicroniques collectés à 150°C. La formation des molybdates de césium Cs2MonO3n+1 conduit à la présence d’iode en phase gazeuse à 150°C. La modélisation de la chimie et du transport des espèces gazeuses et particulaires du système {I, Cs, Mo, O, H}. dans la ligne expérimentale a été réalisée à l’aide du code de calcul SOPHAEROS. La comparaison des résultats expérimentaux et des résultats des simulations met en avant des écarts, en particulier sur la prévision de la quantité d’iode gazeux présente à 150°C. / Iodine and cesium radio nuclides constitute important fission products (FP) of 235U. If the volatile forms (gas, aerosol) of FP would be released into the environment during a hypothetical severe accident of pressurized water reactor (PWR), a potential health hazard would be the ensue. Understanding their behaviors is an important prerequisite for planning appropriate mitigation measures. Severe reactor accident simulations are conducted in several tests of the international PHEBUS-FP program. The suspected connection existing between FP such as Cs, Mo and I, hydrothermal chemistry and its role on the iodine speciation in the primary circuit of reactor coolant system are highlighted. An experimental setup was developed to study the chemical behavior of CsI/MoO3 mixtures at 1600°C under steam and then during the steam cooling to 150 °C. These hydrothermal conditions are representative of the primary circuit of PWR. The analyses using ICP-MS, powder XRD, MEBE-EDX and Raman microspectrometry identify submicrometric aerosol particles as CsI, MoO3.xH2O and Cs2MonO3n+1 (n=1, 2, 3, 5, 7) according to the starting CsI/MoO3 ratio. The formation of Cs2MonO3n+1 induces the generation of gaseous iodine. This later result is in agreement with PHEBUS-FP experiments. The simulations of vapor phase chemistry and aerosol phenomena of the {I, Cs, Mo, O, H} system in the experimental setup were carried out using the SOPHAEROS code based on the thermodynamic chemical equilibriums. Some discrepancies were observed between experimental and simulated results, particularly for Mo rich particles and the volatile iodine species release.

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Study objectives: The study documents the impact of microbiologic investigations on therapeutic decisions and outcome in severe CAP. Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.Setting: ICUs in two teaching Spanish hospitals.Patients: Two hundred and four consecutive patients admitted to intensive care with severe CAP. Interventions: None.Measurements and Results: One hundred and six patients required intubation, while 98 other did not (81 of these patients having been managed with noninvasive mechanical ventilation). The microbiologic diagnosis was established in 57.3% of patients. The most common pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Haemophilus influenzae. Pseudomonas (6.6.% vs 1.0%, p<0.05) and Legionella (15.1% vs. 7.1%, p<0.05) were more frequently documented in intubated patients. Overall mortality was 23.5% (44.3% in intubated patients), with Streptococcus pneumoniae (7 cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7), and Legionella pneumophila (5) being the most common lethal pathogens. Bacteriological investigation led to changes in antibiotic prescription in 41.6% of patients, including 11 (5%) in whom initial treatment was ineffective against the microbial isolates. The most frequent reason for changes was simplification of therapy in 65 (31.8%) episodes. Conclusions: We conclude that microbiological testing is fully justified in patients with SCAP, because identifying the causative and adjusting treatment bear impact on patient outcome. Our findings suggested that intubated patients should be empirically treated for Pseudomonas and Legionella while awaiting bacteriology results. / TESIS DOCTORALIMPACTO DEL ESTUDIO MICROBIOLOGICO EN LA NEUMONÍA COMUNITARIA GRAVEMaría Bodí SaeraOBJETIVO DE LA TESISEsta Tesis va dirigida a valorar el impacto que tiene el estudio microbiológico en las decisiones terepéuticas y en la evolución de la neumonía comunitaria grave.MATERIAL Y METODOSSe trata de un análisis retrospectivo de los datos recogidos de forma prospectiva.Se realiza en dos Servicios de Cuidados Intensivos españoles. Se analizan todos los casos de neumonía comunitaria grave en un periodo de siete años.RESULTADOSEntran en el análisis 204 casos de neumonía comunitaria grave. Ciento seis pacientes requirieron intubación orotraqueal y ventilación mecánica convencional; 81 precisaron ventilación mecánica no invasiva y 17 no requirieron soporte ventilatorio.Se estableció el diagnóstico microbiológico en el 57,3% de los casos. Los microorganismos responsables de la neumonía más frecuentes fueron Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila y Haemophilus influenzae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6,6% vs 1,0%, p < 0,05) y Legionella pneumophila (15,1% vs 7,1%, p < 0,05) fueron aisladas con mayor frecuencia en el grupo de pacientes intubados.La mortalidad global del grupo fue del 23,5% (44,3% en el subgrupo de pacientes intubados). Los microorganismos que más frecuentemente se hallaron como responsables de los casos de muerte fuero: Streptococcus pneumoniae (7 casos), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7), Legionella pneumophila (5).El diagnóstico microbiológico guió los cambios realizados en el tratamiento antibiótico inicial en el 41,6% de los pacientes, incluyendo 11 (5%) en los que el tratamiento antibiótico empírico no era activo frente al microorganismo aislado. La causa más frecuente de cambio de antibiótico fue la simplificación del mismo en 65 episodios de neumonía (31,8%).CONCLUSIONESEsta Tesis concluye que el estudio microbiológico está justificado en los pacientes con neumonía comunitaria grave porque tiene impacto en la evolución de la neumonía comunitaria grave por diferentes razones: 1) la etiología de la neumonía no se puede conocer basándose en la presentación clínica, los datos de laboratorio y la radiología; la necesidad de intubación orotraqueal y el antecedente de EPOC debe hacer pensar en Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 2) la utilización de técnicas de diagnóstico va a ser rentable en más de la mitad de los casos; 3) en más de 1/3 de los casos va a permitir al clínico la sustitución del antibiótico inicial por uno de menor espectro, e incluso de mayor eficacia; reduciendo efectos secundarios, costes y abuso de antibióticos; 4) el conocimiento de la etiología de cada episodio, es un factor pronóstico "per se" (Pseudomonas aeruginosa tiene mal pronóstico; las bacterias atípicas tienen buen pronóstico) y ayuda a decidir la dosis de cada antibiótico y la duración del mismo; 5) permite conocer la epidemiología local para elaborar o modificar las pautas antibióticas empíricas. Además es bien conocido que la utilización de antibióticos de amplio espectro contribuye a la resistencia antibiótica en la comunidad. Por todo ello también las guías internacionales, deben adaptarse a la realidad de cada centro.

Abstract in English Elsa Grave (1918-2003) is a Swedish writer, artist and composer. The aim of my study is to analyse the female character in Mödrar som vargar, (Mothers As Wolves), which is a collection of poems written in 1972. The analysis is divided into four parts. First I analyse the figures of speech of the female “I” in the poems. In the second part I`m dealing with how she acts and relates to men. In the third part of my study I focus on how it affects her to give birth to a child and be a mother. The fourth part is about how she relates to the world and its problems in general. I have chosen different feminist theories for my analysis. The study of how the woman character speaks is based on, among others, Lars Elleström´s theory of the conception of irony as a female way of writing. The relation between man and woman is studied from Yvonne Hirdman´s theory that there is a gender contract that rules how the two sexes act within the family. Nancy Chodorow´s theory about mothering, based on the Oeidipus complex, is the background for the part about mother and child. The fourth part about the female character and the outer world is based on Carol Gilligan´s theory that women have another kind of moral than men. The result of my analysis shows that the woman character speaks ironically, by for example using metaphors with double meanings. My analysis also shows that the woman character as a partner is passive, emotional and inferior to the male figure. As a mother she is active and protecting, but she also speaks of the forbidden sides of motherhood, such as anger and selfishness. My analysis also shows that being a mother changes the female character´s way of looking at the world, and makes her a more responsible citizen of the world.

<p>Abstract in English</p><p>Elsa Grave (1918-2003) is a Swedish writer, artist and composer. The aim of my study is to analyse the female character in Mödrar som vargar, (Mothers As Wolves), which is a collection of poems written in 1972.</p><p>The analysis is divided into four parts. First I analyse the figures of speech of the female “I” in the poems. In the second part I`m dealing with how she acts and relates to men. In the third part of my study I focus on how it affects her to give birth to a child and be a mother. The fourth part is about how she relates to the world and its problems in general.</p><p>I have chosen different feminist theories for my analysis. The study of how the woman character speaks is based on, among others, Lars Elleström´s theory of the conception of irony as a female way of writing. The relation between man and woman is studied from Yvonne Hirdman´s theory that there is a gender contract that rules how the two sexes act within the family. Nancy Chodorow´s theory about mothering, based on the Oeidipus complex, is the background for the part about mother and child. The fourth part about the female character and the outer world is based on Carol Gilligan´s theory that women have another kind of moral than men.</p><p>The result of my analysis shows that the woman character speaks ironically, by for example using metaphors with double meanings. My analysis also shows that the woman character as a partner is passive, emotional and inferior to the male figure. As a mother she is active and protecting, but she also speaks of the forbidden sides of motherhood, such as anger and selfishness. My analysis also shows that being a mother changes the female character´s way of looking at the world, and makes her a more responsible citizen of the world.</p>

SILVA, Francisco Marcio Pereira da. Investigação de poliformismo nos genes das citocinas TNFa, INFg, TGfb, IL-6 e IL-10 em pacientes com febre hemorrágica da dengue. 2010. 68 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Patologia) - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2010. / Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2016-03-09T15:19:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_fmpsilva.pdf: 1000041 bytes, checksum: ed8a0829820ab0378a44784409d70332 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by denise santos(denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2016-03-09T15:45:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_fmpsilva.pdf: 1000041 bytes, checksum: ed8a0829820ab0378a44784409d70332 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-09T15:45:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_fmpsilva.pdf: 1000041 bytes, checksum: ed8a0829820ab0378a44784409d70332 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Currently, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever - DHF has had a continuous increase in its incidence in general across the country along with the increase of cases has been presenting an alarming fatality rate for DHF. Some conditions have different immune responses in the face of polymorphism in cytokine genes, this study aims to identify genetic factors related to worsening of the disease in patients with DHF. This investigation is the possibility of polymorphisms of cytokines genes: TNF-α -308 G → A, TGF-β codon 10 and codon 25, IL-10 -1082 G → A, -819 C → T, -592 A → C, IL-6-174G → C, and IFN-γ +874 T → A with DHF. The location of cross-sectional study of case-control takes place in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil in 2009, with patients who were diagnosed as DHF, laboratory and clinical ways, according to the rules of MS being a total of 48 persons in the DHF group. People who took part in the control group were a total of 85 voluntary blood donors of Hemoce. Samples of material collected, 5mL of blood were used for DNA extraction, using kits PureLink (Invitrogen) and subsequently made the process of typing, which was used Cytgen kits (One-Lambda, Canoga Park, CA, USA ). After the procedures and laboratory tests, it was obtained results as the genotype frequencies of TNF-α, -308 G/G, with predominance in the DHF group (85.4%). In the cytokine IFN-γ +874, the most frequent genotype was T / A in the DHF group (47.9%) in the TGF-β codon 10 and codon 25 genotype was the predominant T/C G/G (41 7%) in group DHF. In IL-6 -174, the most frequent genotype was G/G in the DHF group (58.3%), we note however that despite these frequencies, the cytokines mentioned no association and genotypic nor between allelic polymorphism and worsening of dengue. When analyzing the genotype IL-10 -1082, -819 and -592, we found a predominance of genotype GCC/ACC DHF group (35.5%), and associated with a statistically significant protective factor in the genotype GCC/GCC (21,0%) frequency in the control group. This cytokine showed an association to protect the worsening of the disease. We conclude therefore that the study of polymorphisms of cytokine genes in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, showed allelic and genotypic differences in IL-10 as a protective factor. / Atualmente a Febre Hemorrágica da Dengue – FHD, tem tido um contínuo aumento em sua incidência, de forma geral em todo o país, juntamente com esse aumento de casos vem se apresentando uma letalidade preocupante em relação à FHD. Algumas doenças apresentam respostas imunológicas diferentes diante de polimorfismo em genes de citocinas. Este estudo tem por objetivo identificar fatores genéticos relacionados com o agravamento da doença em pacientes com FHD. Tal investigação se dá na possibilidade do polimorfismo dos genes das citocinas: TNF-α -308 G→A, TGF-β códon 10 e códon 25, IL-10 -1082 G→A, -819 C→T, -592 A→C, IL-6 -174G→C, e IFN-γ +874 T→A com a FHD. O local do estudo transversal de caso-controle, foi em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, em 2009, com pacientes que foram diagnosticados como FHD, clínica e laboratorialmente, de acordo com as normas do MS, estes perfazendo um total de 48 pessoas envolvidas no grupo FHD. As pessoas que fizeram parte do grupo controle foram num total de 85 doadores voluntários de sangue do HEMOCE. As amostras do material colhido, 5mL de sangue, foram utilizadas para extração de DNA, utilizando kits PureLink (Invitrogen), e posteriormente foi feito o processo de tipificação, utilizado-se o kit Cytgen (One-Lambda, Canoga Park, CA, EUA). Após os processos e análises laboratoriais, obtivemos como resultados as freqüências dos genótipos do TNF-α,-308 G/G, com maior predominância no grupo FHD (85,4%). Na citocina IFN-γ +874, o genótipo mais freqüente foi o T/A, no grupo FHD (47,9%), no TGF-β códon 10 e códon 25, o genótipo predominante foi o T/C G/G (41,7%) no grupo FHD, na IL-6 -174, o genótipo mais freqüente foi G/G no grupo FHD (58,3%), salientamos porém, que apesar destas freqüências, nas citocinas citadas não foi encontrada associação genotípica e nem alélica entre polimorfismo e agravamento da dengue. Ao analisarmos o genótipo IL-10 -1082, -819 e -592, obtivemos maior predominância no genótipo GCC/ACC do grupo FHD (35,5%), e uma significância estatística associada ao fator de proteção no genótipo GCC/GCC (21,0%) de freqüência no grupo controle. Esta citocina apresentou associação de proteção ao agravamento da doença. Concluímos, portanto, que o estudo do polimorfismo de genes das citocinas na Febre Hemorrágica da Dengue, demonstrou diferenças genotípicas e alélicas na IL-10, como fator de proteção.

Orientador: Marcos Dias Fontana / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T21:45:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins_ThalitaDuque_M.pdf: 4625523 bytes, checksum: 894d92526b8591f2bb98280faaaeb6d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: A procainamida é capaz de provocar sintomas myasthenia-like quando sua concentração plasmática alcança níveis altos e quando está associada a outros fatores capazes de intensificar o dano da transmissão neuromuscular (interação com outras drogas, Miastenia gravis sem manifestação clínica, Diabetes mellitus, etc.). Este efeito foi estudado por muitos autores mas ainda não se chegou a uma conclusão sobre este assunto. Neste trabalho foram feitos experimentos específicos da junção neuromuscular com esta droga para elucidar este assunto com a finalidade de tornar o uso da procainamida mais seguro. A procainamida pode potenciar o bloqueio neuromuscular causado pela d-tubocurarina significativamente. Nestas condições, as contrações musculares podem retomar ao nível controle usando Neostigmina e, também usando 4-Aminopiridina. A procainamida também pode intensificar a contratura causada pela ACh na preparação Biventer cervicis mas isto não acontece na preparação de hemidiafragma desnervado. Os potenciais de placa terminal em miniatura (p.p.t.m.) são abolidos sob a ação da procainamida mas este efeito acontece em duas fases distintas: 1) inicialmente, a procainamida provoca um aumento na frequência dos p.p.t.m.s e; 2) depois de aproximadamente 20 min, os p.p.t.m.s são abolidos. O bloqueio dos p.p.t.m.s foi revertido pela ação da 4-aminopiridina. Este último resultado conduz a uma suposição importante: a procainamida induz a dessensibilização dos receptores de Acetilcolina / Abstract: Procainamide provokes myasthenia-like symptoms when its plasmatic concentration reaches high levels and when it is associated to other factors capable to intensify the compromise of neuromuscular transmission (interaction with other drugs, myasthenia gravis without clinic manifestation, diabetes mellitus, etc.). This effect has been studied by many authors but it is not clear yet. In this work we did specifics experiments on neuromuscular junction with this drug to elucidate this subject with the finality of make the use of procainamide more secure. Procainamide can intensify significantly the neuromuscular blockade caused by d-Tubocurarine. At this situation, the twitches can be restored using Neostigmine and, also using 4-Aminopyridine. Procainamide can also intensify the contracture effect of ACh on Bíventer cervícís preparation but it does not occur in denervated diaphragm preparation. The miniature end plate potentials (m.e.p.p.) are abolished under action of procainamide but it occurs in two phases: 1) at the first stage, procainamide provokes increase of m.e.p.p. frequency and; 2) afier about 20 min, m.e.p.p. were abolished. M.e.p.p. were restored under the action of 4-Aminopyridine. This last result leads to one important assumption: procainamide induces desensitation of ACh receptors / Mestrado / Mestre em Farmacologia