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Abstract The development and advancement of microelectronics industry is very drastically. So, the key to create new technology of process and it's costs can be cut by simulating the performance of these equipments. The reactor of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is important to semiconductor production process.. This research use numerical method to study the process parameters of low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) of Tungsten (W).In this simulation, the CVD reactor modeling are constructed and discreditzed by using the implicit finite volume method. The grids are arranged in a staggered manner for the discretization of the governing equations. Then, the SIMPLE-type algorithm will be used to solve all of the discretized algebra equations. In this research, the reactor is an single wafer and cold-wall system. The nozzle position is adjustable from 100 to 250mm.The nozzle-to-wafer distance is adjustable by changing the height from 30 to 120mm.The temperature and pressure in the reactor system can be setup with susceptor temperature 300~600 and pressure 0.5~8Torr. The results show that the flow in the reactor may depend on the flow rate and nozzle position. An effective means to avoid unstable is to reduce the susceptor temperature and system pressure due to the effects of buoyancy force and recirculation.

Taiwan is the major country of importing LNG. In this paper discussed LNG cold energy recovery used in cold storage warehouse and other energy conservation systems. In the cold storage warehouse systems that showed the less temperature of cold storage warehouse the more exergy efficiency and the best exergy efficiency is 30%. Base on thermoeconomic analysis there was the optimal operation temperature at -70¢J. In the purifier nitrogen system (PNS), the investigation indicated the best efficient operating temperature at -150¢J. But with economic analysis the optimal design temperature of this PNS was -130¢J. And the last energy conservation system was the running power plane. In this research studied the power planes used LNG cold energy as inlet air-cooling systems. According to the investigation that showed the systems increased power output up to 14.4¢H in the 4.5¢J of inlet air cooling temperature. And these systems also improved the heat rate of power planes about 0.98%. The conclusions presented that the potentialities of LNG cold energy are huge, and with proper engineering and economic analysis could make these energy conservation systems more feasible.

Cold seeps are areas of high biomass in the deep-sea, the impacts of these food-rich environments upon the sediment community is unknown in the Gulf of Mexico. The structure and function of benthic communities was investigated at food-rich and food-limited sites on the northern Gulf of Mexico continental slope. Cold seeps were richer in macrofauna densities and total sediment respiration, but were poorer in biomass and taxa diversity than normal slope communities. Decreased diversity is seen at most chemosynthetic communities and suggests a competition for resources. The spatial extent of these results at seeps is unknown and may be a localized, bioenhancement effect caused by seeping fluids.

In this thesis, a high voltage discharging testing circuit is proposed for cold cathode fluorescent lamps(CCFLs). The testing circuit uses only a single active power switch operating at a high frequency incorporating with reactive components to accumulate a relatively high voltage on the capacitor. This voltage is then stepped up by a transformer to provide the required high voltage for discharging the CCFLs. The circuit has the advantages of simple configuration, less component count, and low cost. In addition, a high power factor at the ac line source can be achieved. The proposed circuit is analyzed based on the mode operation. Accordingly, the design equations are derived to determine the circuit parameters. A prototype is designed and built for testing the 19 inch CCFLs. The discharging tests are made to recognize the malfunctions during the manufacturing process. Moreover, the distributions on the spectral power and chromaticity of lamps can be examined to ensure the product quality.

The liquid crystal display is high light, the advantage thin in thickness. In order to reach the thickness thinly, the request good in degree of consistency, it is important to design a qualified mould group in a poor light. This text introduces how to utilize Trace Pro optics to imitate the software , imitating to the diffusion board of the mould group in a poor light of the liquid crystal display , analysis and designing mainly. To the sidelight type mould group in a poor light, go to type in a poor light mould group construct comparatively simple , main optics for reflect board , spread scene , cold cathode tube and arris lens component its directly. The main use of reflection board lying below the mould group among them , in order to collect and reflect the light that come from the light source, make it penetrate above to in a poor light mould group, in order to increase the luminance of screen. Spread slice and function , arris of lens and the arris lens like mere sidelight type in a poor light mould diffusion slice of group, make their even to take in order to raise the luminance of screen light scattering separately. When the mould group in a poor light is thinner and thinner in thickness, brightness its disparity can more and more heavy too, so optics design more and more challenging. This text designs mainly to spread the distribution that the board adds the particle son to with the high degree of consistency, is it probe into in a poor light mould light neat degree that group can appear to come. Design a series of and reply the mould group which reflect the array, software Trace Pro is enabled being used for designing and replying the geometry structure which reflects the array and shut in the simulation optics route , analog quantity examines the result designed, and discuss its characteristic.

Cold air outbreaks (CAOs) occur when large scale atmospheric circulations allow for the incursion of polar air masses into middle and lower latitudes, influencing wintertime temperatures regionally. The January 2004 CAO is identified as a major CAO in the Deep South of the United States in terms of wind chill equivalent temperature or a temperature-only criterion. Surface air temperature, horizontal winds, specific humidity, and Ertel potential vorticity are analyzed for this event using several reanalysis products: National Aeronautic and Space Administration Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Application (MERRA), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR), and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). We perform an intercomparison of the reanalysis products and parallel surface station observations during the synoptic evolution of the leading cold front associated with CAO onset. The key synoptic, mesoscale, and dynamical features associated with onset are studied to determine the relative accuracy of the respective reanalysis products in representing the key features. The comparative evaluation revealed pronounced temperature and moisture biases in the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis products that limit its utility in portraying the synoptic features characteristic of CAO onset. Conversely, both MERRA and NARR accurately represent the detailed thermodynamic and moisture structural evolution associated with CAO onset indicating their utility in future observationally-based studies of CAO events. Ertel potential vorticity analyses indicate that the onset of the 2004 CAO is strongly linked to an incipient tropopause fold feature that developed over the Great Lakes region.

<p>As the interest in biological sequence analysis increases, more efficient techniques to sequence, map and analyse genome data are needed. One frequently used technique is EST sequencing, which has proven to be a fast and cheap method to extract genome data. An EST sequencing generates large numbers of low-quality sequences which have to be managed and analysed further.</p><p>Performing complete searches and finding guaranteed results are very time consuming. This dissertation project presents a method that can be used to perform rapid gene prediction of function-specific genes in EST data, as well as the results and an estimation of the accuracy of the method.</p><p>This dissertation project applies various methods and techniques on actual data, attempting to identify genes involved in cold-associative processes in plants. The presented method consists of three steps. First, a database with genes known to have cold-associated properties is assembled. These genes are extracted from other, already sequenced and analysed organisms. Secondly, this database is used to identify homologues in an unanalysed EST dataset, generating a candidate-list of cold-associated genes. Last, each of the identified candidate cold-associative genes are verified, both to estimate the accuracy of the rapid gene prediction and also to support the removal of candidates which are not cold-associative.</p><p>The method was applied to a previously unanalysed Avena sativa EST dataset, and was able to identify 135 candidate genes from approximately 9500 EST's. Out of these, 103 were verified as cold-associated genes.</p>

<p>The aim of this thesis is to establish whether In Cold Blood could be considered to be the true account Truman Capote intended it to be. Capote spent many years researching the murder in Kansas with the aim of writing a news story in the style of fiction. Even so, this essay argues that it is not a completely true account. In order to reach a conclusion this essay studies the concept of new journalism and answers the following questions:</p><p>•What are the problems of depicting reality in writing?</p><p>•What narrative techniques are found in In Cold Blood?</p><p>•Is In Cold Blood subjective or objective in its portrayal of the story and its characters?</p><p>The conclusion also shows that In Cold Blood is too manipulated and subjective in order to be seen as a completely true account that can be read as a news story. It is merely one view of the murder and In Cold Blood is therefore best read as a fiction novel.</p>

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-90).