The problem of this study was to ascertain the effects of selected color phenomena upon the identification and comparison of color by college students. Instruments used for this study were the Snellen Visual Acuity Chart, which measures crudely the the binocular visual activity of an individual; Pseudo-Isochromatic Plates for Testing Color Perception, which roughly determine red-green color deficiency; and the "Isoline Color Phenomena Perception Presentation," which determines how an individual identifies or compares selected color phenomena.

Thesis advisor: Vincent Cho / This individual case study is part of a larger group study examining how principals benefit from and shape professional capital to improve schools. A pressing demand on principals is not only hiring more educators of color, but also ensuring they are retaining them. Previous research tends to focus on the strategies and tools that will lead educators of color to enter the profession; however, educators of color are leaving at higher rates than their White counterparts. Using data comprised of interviews of seven educators of color and eight principals from a large, urban school district in Massachusetts, this qualitative case study explores the leadership strategies, if any, principals use to promote the retention of their educators of color in the Elody School District and why these educators of color remain in the district. My analyses, framed through a critical race theory lens, focus on the shared experiences of these educators who come from different buildings within their district. My findings are split into sections, in accordance with my research questions. First, the principals interviewed believed they employed specific strategies to retain their educators of color. These strategies included acknowledging race, breaking down racist structures that prevent their educators of color from advancing, and amplifying the voices of their educators of color ensuring, regardless of their role, they have a voice, are heard, and are supported within their staffs that consist of a majority White educators. Second, these educators of color stayed because they believed it was important their students saw educators who looked like them. They also stayed because they believed their principals valued their knowledge and experience. Centering voices that are generally understudied, this inquiry adds to the growing body of knowledge that leads to retaining educators of color. / Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

No description available.

Color vision deficiency (CVD) is the inability or limited ability to recognize colors and discriminate between them. A person with this condition perceives a narrower range of colors compared to a person with a normal color vision. A growing number of researchers are striving to improve the quality of life for CVD patients. Finding cure, making rectification equipment, providing simulation tools and applying color transformation methods are among the efforts being made by researchers in this field. In this study we concentrate on recoloring digital images in such a way that users with CVD, especially dichromats, perceive more details from the recolored images compared to the original image. The main focus is to give the CVD user a chance to find information within the picture which they could not perceive before. However, this transformed image might look strange or unnatural to users with normal color vision. During this color transformation process, the goal is to keep the overall contrast of the image constant while adjusting the colors that might cause confusion for the CVD user. First, each pixel in the RGB-image is converted to HSV color space in order to be able to control hue, saturation and intensity for each pixel and then safe and problematic hue ranges need to be found. The method for recognizing these ranges was inspired by a condition called “unilateral dichromacy” in which the patient has normal color vision in one eye and dichromacy in another. A special grid-like color card is designed, having constant saturation and intensity over the entire image, while the hue smoothly changes from one block to another to cover the entire hue range. The next step is to simulate the way this color card is perceived by a dichromatic user and finally to find the colors that are perceived identically from two images and the ones that differ too much. This part makes our method highly customizable and we can apply it to other types of CVD, even personalize it for the color vision of a specific observer. The resulting problematic colors need to be dealt with by shifting the hue or saturation based on some pre-defined rules. The results for the method have been evaluated both objectively and subjectively. First, we simulated a set of images as they would be perceived by a dichromat and compared them with simulated view of our transformed images. The results clearly show that our recolored images can eliminate a lot of confusion from user and convey more details. Moreover, an online questionnaire was created and 39 users with CVD confirmed that the transformed images allow them to perceive more information compared to the original images.

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Pelargonidin 3-glucoside (pgd 3-glu), pelargonidin 3-sophoroside (pgd 3-soph), and pelargonidin 3-sophoroside 5-glucoside acylated with cinnamic and malonic acids (acyl-pgd 3-soph 5-glu) were extracted from strawberries (Fragaria anannassa cv, Totem), nasturtium flowers (Tropaeolum majus), and radish peel (Raphanus sativus L. cv, fuego), respectively. Their stability was studied in natural and model systems. Natural systems consisted of strawberry juice at 8 °brix and strawberry concentrate at 65 °brix that were spiked with the anthocyanins (ACNS) to double the initial pigment concentration. Model systems at low, intermediate, and high water activity levels consisted of pH 3.4 citrate buffer, glycerol, and pigment. Changes in pigment, degradation index, color, and relative peak area were monitored during storage in the dark at 25°C. Ascorbic acid degradation was also monitored in the natural systems. Anthocyanin (ACN) degradation followed first order kinetics. No difference in stability of the samples was found with fortified pgd derivatives; however, there was significant difference in the degradation of ACNS between natural and model systems. The half life (t [subscript 1/2]) of the ACNS ranged from 3.5 to 5 days in the concentrate, from 8 to 12 days in juice, and from 58 to 934 days in model systems. In general, high Aw increased ACN degradation. Ascorbic acid degradation followed first order kinetics and was accompanied by ACN degradation. / Graduation date: 1999

Red radish (Raphanus sativus L.) anthocyanins were extracted from liquid nitrogen powdered epidermal tissue using acetone and chloroform and isolated using C-18 resin. Chemical structure and conformation of major pigments were elucidated by 1-D and 2-D NMR, Mass Spectroscopy, HPLC, and spectral analyses. Two novel di-acylated anthocyanins, pelargonidin 3-0-[2-0-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(6-0- trans-p-coumaroyl- β-D-glucopyranoside)]-5-0-(6-0-malonyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)and pelargonidin 3-0-[2-0-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(6-0-trans-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)]- 5-0-(6-0-malonyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) represented 70% of total pigment. Two mono-acylated anthocyanins (20%) were pelargonidin 3-0-[2-0-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(6-0-trans-p-coumaroyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)]-5-0-(β-D-glucopyranoside) and pelargonidin 3-0-[2-0-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(6-0-trans- feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)]-5-0-(β-D-glucopyranoside). NOESY revealed folding of the molecule. Electrospray (ES-MS) and tandem mass spectroscopy (MS-MS) were tested as tools for anthocyanin characterization. Anthocyanins were semi-purified using C-18 resin, washed with acidified water and ethyl acetate, and recovered with acidified methanol. Samples were injected into a mass spectrometer in aqueous or methanolic solutions. Charged character of anthocyanins favored the fast and effective detection of intact molecular ions requiring minimal sample preparation and with little interference. MS-MS provided clear and characteristic fragmentation patterns. Qualitative and quantitative anthocyanin pigment content of radish cultivars grown at 2 locations (Corvallis and Hermiston, OR) and harvested at 2 maturity stages, were evaluated. Pigment content depended on cultivar, root weight and location, with higher amounts obtained at Hermiston. Spring cultivars (n=22) had pigmentation in the skin, ranging from 39.3 to 185 mg anthocyanin/100g skin. Red-fleshed Winter cultivars (n=5) possessed from 12.2 to 53 mg anthocyanin/100g root. The major pigments were pelargonidin-3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, mono- or di-acylated with cinnamic and malonic acids; individual proportions varied among cultivars. Estimated pigment yields ranged from 1.3 to 15.8 kg/ha. Acylated and non-aeylated pelargonidin were isolated using semi-preparative HPLC to evaluate the effect of glycosylation and acylation in spectral characteristics, molar absorptivity and color. Molar absorptivity ranged from 15,600 to 39,590 for pelargonidin-3-glucoside and pg-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside acylated with p-coumaric acid, respectively. An hypsochromic shift on λmax was observed in presence of glycosylation. Pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside and 3,5-triglucoside showed yellow-orange hue angle (>40°) in pH 1.0 buffer, higher than other pg-derivatives. Cinnamic acid acylation caused a bathochromic shift. Malonic acid acylation had little effect on color and no effect on λmax. The solvent system affected molar absorptivity and visual color characteristic of the pigments. Acylation increased pigment resistance to acid hydrolysis. / Graduation date: 1999

Carrots were cooked to the just tender stage in a saucepan and in a pressure saucepan for appropriate lengths of time to make them approximately equal in tenderness as determined by a panel of judges and the Kramer Shear Press. A third lot of carrots was cooked in a pressure saucepan for approximately twice as long to represent overcooked carrots. Judges and the Hunter Color Meter indicated that the carrots cooked in the saucepan were more typically red-orange and bright and the carrots overcooked in the pressure saucepan were more yellow and dull. Pigments extracted from the carrots from the three cooking treatments were chromatographed on a magnesia column and the principle fractions, α-carotene and β-carotene, eluted. The β-carotene was rechromatographed on an alumina column to separate it into all-trans-β-carotene and neo-β-carotene B. In absolute amounts, carrots cooked in the saucepan had the highest concentration of all-trans-β-carotene and the highest total of all-trans-β-carotene, neo-β-carotene B and α-carotene, followed by those carrots cooked in the pressure saucepan for 50 seconds, with those cooked in the pressure saucepan for two minutes being lowest in both all-trans-β-carotene and total carotenes. However, when the a-carotene, the neo-pcarotene B and the all-trans-β-carotene were considered as percentages of the total, the percentage of α-carotene remained constant in the three treatments. Carrots cooked in the pressure saucepan for two minutes had a lower percentage of all-trans-β-carotene and a higher percentage of neo-β-carotene B than did carrots from the other two treatments. Thus, longer cooking in the pressure saucepan caused greater conversion of the more vivid all-trans-β-carotene to the paler cis-isomer, neo-β-carotene B. This isomerization plus loss of total pigment accounts for the differences in color of the cooked carrots from the three treatments. / Graduation date: 1964

The purpose of this study is to analyze and select those psycho-physical color phenomena adaptable to interior design. Among these are phenomena relating to variations in intensity and purity, visual stimulation, spatial relationships, and psychological factors; this study contains suggestions for possible application of these phenomena to strengthen the quality of interior environments.