Graduate

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As an American Indian writer, Leslie Marmon Silko stretches the imaginations and perceptions of her readers. This Master's thesis investigates one of the motifs she employs to induce these results, the use of color symbolism. Color and color symbolism are utilized in every culture, but Silko's writings provide a quandary which begs investigation - how does this Laguna Pueblo writer integrate the color symbols of her culture and landscape into her stories and poetry? This question is addressed by researching the significance of specific colors within the Pueblo and related communities, exposing through close reading the use of these specific colors within the texts, and finally, through literary analysis, unraveling the language to glean new perspectives on the discourse. A primary work to be analyzed is her collection of poems and stories, Storyteller, and specifically one fictional piece from that collection also entitled "Storyteller," which incorporates layering of Pueblo culture and color symbolism over a distinctly different community and landscape, the Inuit of Alaska. Using this particular story as a basis for looking at other pieces within Storyteller, the integrated system of colors emerges through a close reading of the text. Although color representation is considered universal or innate, this research addresses culture specific color systems and how that association enriches Native literature as well as the scholarship and theoretical basis of American Indian Studies programs.

Color stability and cooked muscle color were evaluated in relation to myoglobin content, oxygen consumption rate, pH, lipid oxidation, oxygen penetration depth, metmyoglobin reductase activity, Hunter L*- a*- b*- values, discoloration, and degree of doneness for the M. Infraspinatus (IF), M. Triceps brachii (TB), M. Teres major (TM), M. Rectus femoris (RF), M. Vastus lateralis (VL), M. Semimembranosus (SM), M. Biceps femoris (BF), M. Semitendinosus (ST), M. Gluteus medius (GM), as well as the M. Psoas major (PM), and M. Longissimus lumborum (LL). Steaks from these muscles were segmented into a low oxygen dark, low oxygen light, high oxygen, and PVC overwrap packaging environment for six days of retail display. There were no major differences in pH, oxygen consumption rate, or myoglobin reductase acitivity between shelf-life days and packaging environments for the muscles used in the study. The VL, TB, ST, SM, and the GM had higher levels of lipid oxidation in the later days of shelf-life storage and were higher (P < 0.05) in high oxygen packaging compared to the other three treatments. Oxygen penetration depth was greater (P < 0.05) over all storage days for the high oxygen treatment in the TB and LL as compared to the other treatments. Hunter CIE a* and b* values significantly decreased across all muscles for the high oxygen and PVC treatments. Discoloration increased significantly as storage days increased in the high oxygen and PVC treatments for the TB, SM, VL, BF, IF, GM, PM, and TM. Degree of doneness was higher (P < 0.05) for the PM, TB, and SM muscles in a high oxygen atmosphere as compared to the low oxygen light and low oxygen dark treatments. Aerobic reducing ability tended to decrease as retail shelf-life day increased. A high oxygen environment increased rancidity, oxygen penetration depth, redness values, and degree of doneness (P < 0.05) when compared to a low oxygen light and low oxygen dark modified atmosphere package.

This paper explores the weight of color, with the focus lying on the symbolic significance ofcolor. Exploring whether color in itself conveys symbolic significance and is the symbolicsignificance of color permanent, or is it an after construction? It will be looking at differentareas such as what makes us humans able to perceive colors in the first place, beginning withan insight at some of the foundations in the area of color theory. Mentioning experiments ondecomposed white light, that contains the visible color spectrum and its contribution to theevolution of the color wheel. The color wheels contribution to the art world, the constructionof color harmonies and their significance. It will also be looking at some of the more commonsymbolical meanings of colors and its symbolic significance as color language. It will becovering previous research such as what the symbolic significance of color was under theElizabethan era, consequences when combining color and taste and finally an insight on thetheory of the emotion wheel and its conceptual design in combining emotions with color.There will also be a discussion part looking at the area of color therapy and thoughtsrevolving the subject. The second last part will revolve around my own observations andanalysis. Keeping in mind what I have explored in the earlier parts of this paper and using thatknowledge in my observations and analysis on three different methods utilising the symbolicsignificance of color, focused in the area of films. The last part of my paper will be the resultsof my exploration on the subject of symbolic significance of color and also a discussion part,with my own thoughts on the subject.

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Anthocyanin pigment and physical pitcher characteristics were directly proportional to captured prey mass by Sarracenia leucophylla Raf. Few experiments have been conducted to test the role of anthocyanin on insect capture in Sarracenia. Though the role of predation by Sarracenia on insects has long been known, the factors responsible for attraction of prey have yet to be fully evaluated. I sampled S. leucophylla leaves from both red and anthocyanin-free (green) subjects, including measuring pitcher height, mouth width and weighing dried prey mass. There were no significant differences in dried prey mass between red and green phenotypes. Prey mass was positively correlated to pitcher height as well as mouth width. Differences in nectary counts and pitcher temperature were also not statistically significant between red and green groups. This study did not find support for anthocyanin as a prey attractant, and nectar may play a more important role in prey attraction. / Department of Biology