Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 faccio_ap_me_sjrp.pdf: 1095275 bytes, checksum: ec84ac0e5bcbf1c37d9ca5d883c46a81 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Neste trabalho, estudamos o problema de corte de estoque bidimensional aplicado ao corte da matéria-prima de uma fábrica de móveis. Este problema NP-difícil aparece em diversos outros processos industriais que incluem o corte de objetos retangulares grandes em itens retangulares menores que estão sendo requisitados. Analisamos a eficiência de alguns modelos lineares inteiros para problemas de corte guilhotinados bidimensionais propostos na literatura. Além disto, apresentamos resultados computacionais para o problema de corte de estoque de uma fábrica de móveis de pequeno porte, localizada no noroeste do estado de São Paulo. O estudo computacional realizado mostrou que as estratégias propostas fornecem resultados aceitáveis pela fábrica. / In this work we study the two-dimensional cutting stock problem applied to the cutting of raw material in the furniture industry. This NP-hard problem appears in several other industrial processes that include cutting rectangular objects in smaller retangular items that are being requested. We analyze the efficiency of some integer linear models for two-dimensional guillotine cutting problem proposed in the literature. We also present computational results for the cutting stock problem of a small furniture factory, located in the northwest of the state of São Paulo. The computational results show that the proposed strategies give results accepted by the factory.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:55:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cavali_r_me_sjrp.pdf: 560996 bytes, checksum: 6792ea8d0dd5f26eb5250b68217a4443 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Diariamente, em indústrias de móveis, painéis retângulares de madeira são cortados em retângulos menores para a manufatura de seus produtos. Por causa da possível perda de material envolvida neste processo e de sua influência no custo dos produtos, existe a necessidade de um planejamento prþevio para a realização dos cortes. Na maioria das empresas de móveis situadas na região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo, este planejamento é feito manualmente e não é uma tarefa simples. O enfoque deste trabalho þe analisar a utilização de um sistema computacional no planejamento do corte de painéis de madeira. Esta ferramenta é capaz de resolver o problema do corte bidimensional segundo o algoritmo de dois estþagios de Gilmory e Gomore. Aspectos práticos encontrados no corte dos painéis e estratégias adotadas pelas empresas no planejamento da produção são abordados. Além disso, apresentamos os resultados de um estudo computacional com base em dados reais de uma das empresas visitadas. / In the furniture industries, the cut of rectangular plates to produce smaller rectangular pieces is an every day task. To reduce the waste of material involved in this process and its influence in the cost of the products, a previous planning for the cuts is necessary. In the majority of the furniture companies situated at Northwest region of the state of São Paulo, the generation of cutting patterns is made manually and it is not a simple task. The goal of this work is to analyze the use of a computational system in the cutting patterns generation. This computational system is able to solve the two-dimensional cutting stock problem by the 2-stage Gilmory and Gomore method. Practical aspects found in the cutting patterns generation and strategies adopted for the companies in the production planning are discussed. We also report some results of the application of the computacional system to the cutting patterns generation based on real data of one company.

Ce manuscrit expose notre travail dans le cadre du projet IWARD et détaille la couche de gestion et de décision du groupement de robots. Ce projet avait comme objectif d’assister le personnel médical dans leur travail, ceci est réalisé en utilisant des robots mobiles, reconfigurables, et rechargeables. Ces robots sont conçus pour effectuer des taches logistiques comme : Le transport de médicaments, le nettoyage, le guidage des patients, la surveillance et la téléconsultation. Dans la première partie de la thèse nous présenterons le problème stratégique qui consiste à déterminer les plannings de rechargement des robots, la configuration des robots opérationnels ainsi que la localisation des stations d’attentes des robots lorsqu’ils sont en état de veille. Différentes hiérarchies à plusieurs niveaux de décisions, sont formulées comme des programmes linéaires en nombres entiers. Des formulations utilisant l’approche de génération de colonnes sont aussi développées pour résoudre ces problèmes. Dans la deuxième partie, le problème tactique est exposé, ceci consiste à affecter les taches arrivantes aux différents robots et d’ordonnancer dynamiquement l’exécution ces missions. Deux approches sont inspectées une version centralisée utilisant les algorithmes évolutionnaires et une autre version distribuée utilisant les algorithmes d’enchères inversées. Afin de mettre à l épreuve ces deux approches, une simulation a événements discrets a été conçue et développée spécifiquement pour le projet, permettant ainsi d’évaluer ces deux approches. / Due to the expansion of the life duration and the shortage of medical personal in hospitals the EU funded IWARD project as part of the IFP6 program. The aims of this project were to assist the medical personnel in logistic and non medical tasks (transport, cleaning, environmental monitoring, guidance and tele-monitoring) through the usage of mobile, reconfigurable, rechargeable robots, thus letting the Medical staff to concentrate on medical aspects of their work.This thesis was part of this project, and our work consisted on developing a decision making framework for the team of robots.In the first part of the thesis, we address the strategic decisions essentially the: (i) the robots’ home station location problem, (ii) Robot‘s reconfiguration problems and (iii) Robots recharging scheduling. We formulate those problems as a linear problems and we propose to solve them using Mixed Integer Programming (MIP). We also present a formulation using a column generation approach to solve those problems.In the later part we address the tactical problems, mainly the mission assignment, the mission scheduling and rescheduling. We present two different approaches; a centralized decision finder implemented using genetic algorithms. And a decentralized approach using auction like and market based algorithms in order to provided collaborative decision making framework.Finally we compare those two approaches using a custom made discrete event simulation (DES).

Modularity Density Maximization is a graph clustering problem which avoids the resolution limit degeneracy of the Modularity Maximization problem. This thesis aims at solving larger instances than current Modularity Density heuristics do, and show how close the obtained solutions are to the expected clustering. Three main contributions arise from this objective. The first one is about the theoretical contributions about properties of Modularity Density based prioritizers. The second one is the development of eight Modularity Density Maximization heuristics. Our heuristics are compared with optimal results from the literature, and with GAOD, iMeme-Net, HAIN, BMD- heuristics. Our results are also compared with CNM and Louvain which are heuristics for Modularity Maximization that solve instances with thousands of nodes. The tests were carried out by using graphs from the “Stanford Large Network Dataset Collection”. The experiments have shown that our eight heuristics found solutions for graphs with hundreds of thousands of nodes. Our results have also shown that five of our heuristics surpassed the current state-of-the-art Modularity Density Maximization heuristic solvers for large graphs. A third contribution is the proposal of six column generation methods. These methods use exact and heuristic auxiliary solvers and an initial variable generator. Comparisons among our proposed column generations and state-of-the-art algorithms were also carried out. The results showed that: (i) two of our methods surpassed the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of time, and (ii) our methods proved the optimal value for larger instances than current approaches can tackle. Our results suggest clear improvements to the state-of-the-art results for the Modularity Density Maximization problem.

Orientador: Maria do Socorro Nogueira Rangel / Banca: Robinson Samuel Vieira Hoto / Banca: Silvio Alexandre Araujo / Resumo: Neste trabalho, estudamos o problema de corte de estoque bidimensional aplicado ao corte da matéria-prima de uma fábrica de móveis. Este problema NP-difícil aparece em diversos outros processos industriais que incluem o corte de objetos retangulares grandes em itens retangulares menores que estão sendo requisitados. Analisamos a eficiência de alguns modelos lineares inteiros para problemas de corte guilhotinados bidimensionais propostos na literatura. Além disto, apresentamos resultados computacionais para o problema de corte de estoque de uma fábrica de móveis de pequeno porte, localizada no noroeste do estado de São Paulo. O estudo computacional realizado mostrou que as estratégias propostas fornecem resultados aceitáveis pela fábrica. / Abstract: In this work we study the two-dimensional cutting stock problem applied to the cutting of raw material in the furniture industry. This NP-hard problem appears in several other industrial processes that include cutting rectangular objects in smaller retangular items that are being requested. We analyze the efficiency of some integer linear models for two-dimensional guillotine cutting problem proposed in the literature. We also present computational results for the cutting stock problem of a small furniture factory, located in the northwest of the state of São Paulo. The computational results show that the proposed strategies give results accepted by the factory. / Mestre

Orientador: Maria do Socorro Nogueira Rangel / Banca: Robinson Hoto / Banca. Trajano Pires da Nóbrega Neto / Resumo: Diariamente, em indústrias de móveis, painéis retângulares de madeira são cortados em retângulos menores para a manufatura de seus produtos. Por causa da possível perda de material envolvida neste processo e de sua influência no custo dos produtos, existe a necessidade de um planejamento prþevio para a realização dos cortes. Na maioria das empresas de móveis situadas na região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo, este planejamento é feito manualmente e não é uma tarefa simples. O enfoque deste trabalho þe analisar a utilização de um sistema computacional no planejamento do corte de painéis de madeira. Esta ferramenta é capaz de resolver o problema do corte bidimensional segundo o algoritmo de dois estþagios de Gilmory e Gomore. Aspectos práticos encontrados no corte dos painéis e estratégias adotadas pelas empresas no planejamento da produção são abordados. Além disso, apresentamos os resultados de um estudo computacional com base em dados reais de uma das empresas visitadas. / Abstract: In the furniture industries, the cut of rectangular plates to produce smaller rectangular pieces is an every day task. To reduce the waste of material involved in this process and its influence in the cost of the products, a previous planning for the cuts is necessary. In the majority of the furniture companies situated at Northwest region of the state of São Paulo, the generation of cutting patterns is made manually and it is not a simple task. The goal of this work is to analyze the use of a computational system in the cutting patterns generation. This computational system is able to solve the two-dimensional cutting stock problem by the 2-stage Gilmory and Gomore method. Practical aspects found in the cutting patterns generation and strategies adopted for the companies in the production planning are discussed. We also report some results of the application of the computacional system to the cutting patterns generation based on real data of one company. / Mestre

Modularity Density Maximization is a graph clustering problem which avoids the resolution limit degeneracy of the Modularity Maximization problem. This thesis aims at solving larger instances than current Modularity Density heuristics do, and show how close the obtained solutions are to the expected clustering. Three main contributions arise from this objective. The first one is about the theoretical contributions about properties of Modularity Density based prioritizers. The second one is the development of eight Modularity Density Maximization heuristics. Our heuristics are compared with optimal results from the literature, and with GAOD, iMeme-Net, HAIN, BMD- heuristics. Our results are also compared with CNM and Louvain which are heuristics for Modularity Maximization that solve instances with thousands of nodes. The tests were carried out by using graphs from the “Stanford Large Network Dataset Collection”. The experiments have shown that our eight heuristics found solutions for graphs with hundreds of thousands of nodes. Our results have also shown that five of our heuristics surpassed the current state-of-the-art Modularity Density Maximization heuristic solvers for large graphs. A third contribution is the proposal of six column generation methods. These methods use exact and heuristic auxiliary solvers and an initial variable generator. Comparisons among our proposed column generations and state-of-the-art algorithms were also carried out. The results showed that: (i) two of our methods surpassed the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of time, and (ii) our methods proved the optimal value for larger instances than current approaches can tackle. Our results suggest clear improvements to the state-of-the-art results for the Modularity Density Maximization problem.

O presente trabalho desenvolve uma extensão do problema de corte de estoque unidimensional no caso em que a demanda pelos vários tipos de itens não é exatamente conhecida. Para considerar a aleatoriedade, foi proposto um modelo de programação estocástica de dois estágios com recurso. As varáveis de primeiro estágio são os números de barras cortadas por padrão de corte, e as variáveis de segundo estágio, os números de itens produzidos em escassez e em escassez. O objetivo do modelo é minimizar o custo total esperado. Para resolver a relaxação linear do modelo, foram propostos um método exato baseado no método Simplex com geração de colunas e uma estratégia heurística, que considera o valor esperado da demanda na resolução do problema de corte de estoque. As duas estratégias foram comparadas, assim como a possibilidade de resolver o problema de corte ignorando as incertezas. Finalmente, observou-se que é mais interessante determinar o valor ótimo do modelo recurso quando o problema sofre mais influência da aleatoriedade / This paper presents an integer linear optimization model of large scale for the one-dimensional cutting stock problem in the case which a demand is considered a random variable. To take this randomness into account, the problem was formulated as a two-stage stochastic linear program with recourse. The first stage decision variables are given by the number of bars that has to be cut according to each pattern, and the second stage decision variables by the number of holding items or backordering items production. The model objective is minimizes the total expected cost. We propose two methods to solve the model linear relaxation, one of them it is a Simplex-based method with column generation. The second method is a heuristic strategy that adopted the expected value of demand. We compare both strategies and the possibly of ignoring uncertainties on model. Finally, we observe that is much more interesting to determine the optimal recourse model solution when we have problems that are more afected by randomness

Cette thèse a pour but d’apporter des solutions méthodologiques pour la mutualisation des transports entre les fournisseurs et les plateformes de la grande distribution. Cette mutualisation permet en effet de réduire les coûts, les émissions de CO2, et d’augmenter la qualité de service. Elle est organisée autour d’un réseau de plateformes de cross-docking appelées Centres de Routage Collaboratifs, développé par la société 4S Network. Nos travaux consistent à modéliser et résoudre à l’aide de techniques de recherche opérationnelle plusieurs problèmes d’optimisation du transport dans le réseau mutualisé. Le verrou scientifique majeur est de résoudre conjointement un problème de plan de chargement (Service Network Design Problem) dans un réseau logistique national, et des problèmes de tournées de véhicules à une échelle régionale. Nous prenons en compte des contraintes additionnelles issues du monde industriel et les tarifs réellement pratiqués par les transporteurs, notamment des coûts non linéaires.Les problèmes d’optimisation résultants sont résolus au moyen de méthodes ditesmatheuristiques, c’est-à-dire combinant des approches exactes telles que la génération de colonnes et des approches (méta)heuristiques telles que la recherche tabou. Les algorithmes développés dans cette thèse ont donné lieu à unoutil logiciel aujourd’hui en exploitation chez 4S Network. / The main purpose of this PhD. thesis is to provide methodological solutions for a collaborative transport between suppliers and retail platforms. The outcomes of this collaboration are numerous:cost reduction, greenhouse gas emission reduction and higher quality of service. The network is structured around cross-docking platforms developed by the company 4S Network. We model and solve several optimization problems in this collaborative network, using operationsresearch techniques. The major scientific challenge is to simultaneously solve a Service Network Design Problem in a national logistics network and several Vehicle Routing Problems at regional level. We consider additional constraints and prevailing pricing arising from the carriers, in particular non-linear costs. The resulting optimization problems are solved by matheuristic methods, that combine exact approaches as column generation and (meta)heuristic approaches as tabu search. The algorithms developed in this thesis are the core functions of a software tool developed for 4S network.

Le problème de placement sur deux dimensions consiste à décider s’il existe un rangement d’objets rectangulaires dans une boîte donnée. C’est un problème combinatoire difficile (à la complexité du respect des capacités s’ajoute celle du positionnement des objets).Dans cette thèse, nous considérons les variantes sans rotation des objets et avec ou sansoptimisation de la valeur des objects placés.Nous menons une étude exploratoire des méthodologies qui peuvent être développéesà l’interface de la programmation mathématique, de l’optimisation combinatoire et de lathéorie des graphes. Notre objectif est aussi de développer des approches non basées surune discrétisation de la boîte, les plus performantes à l’heure actuelle.Dans ce mémoire, nous effectuons d’abord une étude théorique des qualités de bornesqui peuvent être obtenues avec les différentes formulations classiques. Au cours de cetteétude, nous renforçons certaines de ces formulations et en proposons de nouvelles formulations. Une étude qualitative des bornes issues de la relaxation linéaire des formulationstestés sur des jeux d’instances classiques de la littérature confirme l’étude théorique. Cetteétude permet de se rendre compte des facteurs déterminant la qualité des bornes et desenjeux à relever par la programmation mathématique.Par la suite, nous avons développé et testé deux approches de résolution innovantes.L’une est basée sur la décomposition de Dantzig-Wolfe associée à un branchement surles contraintes disjonctives de non recouvrement des objets. Cette approche a permis uneamélioration des résultats obtenus par la programmation mathématique.L’autre approche constitue en une approche combinatoire basée sur diverses caractérisations des graphes d’intervalles (modélisant le chevauchement des objets selon leurprojection sur chaque axe). Un premier algorithme est basé sur l’énumération de matricesde uns-consécutifs. Un autre utilise des arbres étiquetés pour éliminer plus efficacement lescas de symétries entre placements. Ces approches ont l’avantage de ne pas dépendre d’unediscrétisation du conteneur / The two dimensional orthogonal packing problem consists in deciding whether thereexists a packing of rectangular items in a given bin. This is a hard combinatorial problem(in addition to capacity constraints, one has to face the complexity of item positionning).In this thesis, we consider the case without item rotation and with or without packingvalue optimization.We explore methodologies at the interface of mathematical programming, combinatorial optimization and graph theory. Our aim is also to develop approaches not based on abin discretization (i.e. an alternative to such methods that are currently the most effective).In this work, we perform a theorical study of the quality of bounds of differents classicalformulations. We tighten some formulations and we propose new formulations. We perform a numerical study to test bound quality on classical instances. This study permits toidentify the determinant factor in the quality of mathematical programming formulations.We develop and test two resolution approaches. The first is based on Dantzig-Wolfedecomposition associated with a branching on no-overlapping disjunctive constraints. Thisapproach permits to improve results obtained by mathematical programming.The second approach establish a combinatorial approach based on multiple intervalgraph caracterization (modelling the item no-overlapping according to their projection oneach axis). The first algorithm is based on consecutive ones matrices enumeration. An otheruse labelled tree to eliminate more efficiently symmetry in packing. These approaches haveto advantage of being independent from bin discretization