University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

M.Com. (Financial Economics) / The main objective of this mini dissertation is to examine the effect of exchange rate volatility on international trade. The finding of this mini dissertation is however that the impact of exchange rate volatility on international trade could be either positive or negative depending on various reasons that will be discussed when the arguments of the theorists that have either found a positive, negative and sometimes indeterminate effect of exchange rate volatility on international trade are discussed. The focus of this mini dissertation will be on the manufacturing trade between the Republic of South Africa with the United States and China. The need for an analysis of exchange rate volatility on international trade arises from the fact that firstly no consensus has been reached on the true effect of exchange rate volatility on international trade and secondly knowledge of what the true effect of exchange rate volatility is on international trade could assist in drafting the appropriate policies at government level. The finding of this mini dissertation represents a challenge for policy recommendations as it reflects the fact that various industries, sectors and subsectors of the economy of the Republic of South Africa are impacted differently by the volatility of the Rand/Yuan and Rand/Dollar exchange rates, respectively, therefore any policy that is drawn up to improve international trade needs to be done on an individual basis for each industry, sector and subsector respectively taking into account the various dynamics and characteristics of each. Firstly in the literature review a detailed discussion of both sides of the exchange rate volatility debate will be outlined. It would be shown why there is a lack of consensus when it comes to the issue of what effect exchange rate volatility has on international trade. On the one hand the argument of those suggest that exchange rate volatility hampers international trade or has a negative effect on international trade, such as Sekantsi, (2008); Onafowora and Owoye, (2008); Chit, (2010); Vergil, (2008); Arize et al, (2000); Arize and Malindretos, (2002); Klaasen, (2004) and Doganlar, (2002), will be reviewed. The argument of those that say that in fact exchange rate volatility has no impact on international trade, such as Raddatz, (2008); Frankel, (2007); Arize and Malindretos, (2002); Arize et al, (2000); Klaasen, (2004); Chowdhury, (1993) and Hassan and Sukar, (1999), will also be reviewed. This discussion and the results that arise from exploring this debate have very important implications on the recommendations that are passed on to government to be considered when drafting policies, such as the New Growth Path (NGP). Secondly when the background of the manufacturing industry in South Africa is discussed, all the initiatives and policies such as the NGP that government has planned and put in place in order to rejuvenate the manufacturing industry will be outlined. The impact of exchange rate volatility on international trade has a direct impact on these policies. Recommendations regarding how best enhance the policies to rejuvenate the manufacturing industry cannot be possibly made when consensus about the impact of exchange rate volatility has not be reached. For this reason it was it imperative that the true impact of exchange rate volatility on international trade be made clear.

University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

[Truncated abstract] Conventional historical research on the tea trade focussed on the trade between the United Kingdom and China up to 1937. Very little has been done on the tea trade between China and other regions such as colonial Singapore. In addition, the focus on the overseas Chinese community in Singapore has concentrated on two opposite ends of the social ladder the rich traders or merchants who came to dominate the political, economic and social life of the community, and the coolies or those in the working class and how the harsh reality of life in colonial Singapore often quashed any dreams they had of a better life. The key focus of this dissertation is a study of the trading links between a group of Chinese traders in Singapore and commodity producers in China. To date, research into Chinese traders in Singapore has focussed on their trade in products from British Malaya such as rubber and tin. This dissertation aims to steer away from this approach, and study the relationship between Fujian tea production and trade and the Chinese tea traders in Singapore . . . This dissertation, therefore, takes a two-pronged approach. First, it examines the conditions in Fujian tea production and trade since they were the key trading concerns of the Chinese tea traders in Singapore. Secondly, the dissertation examines the political beliefs and sense of patriotism among the Chinese tea traders in Singapore and their response to major events in their lives such as the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), the Japanese Occupation of Singapore (1942-1945), the Chinese Civil War (1945-1949) and self-government for Singapore from June 1959.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The author employs Hoffman and Ford’s method for analyzing organizational rhetoric to examine the discourse of Google, Inc. Employing a hybrid method, built on rhetorical criticism which incorporates elements of organizational communication theory, the analysis examines identity rhetoric present in Google’s discourse regarding its operations in China. Using this approach, the author leverages the method to critically examine hegemonic aspects of the discourse in order to examine how Google constructs its Western consumer based audience regarding online privacy and free speech.

Fu Gang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-72). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT OF THESIS ENTITLED --- p.I / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.III / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.IV / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.VII / LIST OF TABLES --- p.VIII / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- A Third-party E-commerce Logistics Center in Need --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Difficulty in Designing the Logistics Center --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- AHP and ANP --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Scope of the Study --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.5 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Third-party E-commerce Logistics Center --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- "Government, Investors, and Users" --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Center Design --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Information and Physical Infrastructure --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Ownership Arrangement --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Design Alternatives --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- Evaluating Design Alternatives --- p.17 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- AHP MODEL --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction of AHP --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2 --- AHP Models for Government --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Benefit to Government --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Cost to Government --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Risk to Government --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3 --- AHP Models for Investors --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Benefit to Investors --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Cost to Investors --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Risk to Investors --- p.29 / Chapter 3.4 --- AHP Models for Users --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Benefit to Users --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Cost to Users --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Risk to Users --- p.36 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RISK SHARING IN CENTER DESIGN ´ؤ USING AHP MODEL --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- "Solution Methodology of Aggregating Benefit, Cost and Risk in AHP" --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2 --- Aspects in Determining an Agreeable Solution --- p.40 / Chapter 4.3 --- Sensitivity Analysis in AHP --- p.42 / Chapter 4.4 --- A Conflict-Resolving Solution Procedure for AHP --- p.44 / Chapter 4.5 --- An Illustrative Numerical Example in AHP --- p.48 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- ANP MODEL --- p.51 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction of ANP --- p.51 / Chapter 5.2 --- ANP Models for Government --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2.1. --- Benefit to Government --- p.55 / Chapter 5.2.2. --- Cost to Government --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2.3. --- Risk to Government --- p.54 / Chapter 5.3 --- ANP Models for Investors --- p.56 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Benefit to Investors --- p.56 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Cost to Investors --- p.56 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Risk to Investors --- p.56 / Chapter 5.4 --- ANP Models for Users --- p.56 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Benefit to Users --- p.56 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Cost to Users --- p.58 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Risk to Users --- p.58 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- RISK SHARING IN CENTER DESIGN ´ؤ USING ANP MODEL --- p.60 / Chapter 6.1 --- Aggregated Benefit-Cost-Risk ANP Model --- p.60 / Chapter 6.2 --- Sensitivity Analysis of ANP Model in an AHP Fashion --- p.61 / Chapter 6.3 --- Sensitivity Analysis of General ANP Model --- p.62 / Chapter 6.4 --- A Conflict-Resolving Solution Procedure for ANP --- p.63 / Chapter 6.5 --- An Illustrative Numerical Example in ANP --- p.66 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- p.69 / CONCLUSION --- p.69 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.71