<p> By the year 2050, about three quarters of the world&rsquo;s population will live in cities. Most cities are developed by state or federal governments; however, some cities are developed for the purpose of private interests that plan the city. While the concept of private companies planning and sometimes even owning cities is not a new development, there seems to currently be a rise in this trend, with communication corporations such as IBM, Google, Intel, and Cisco now taking advantage of this growing market. </p><p> Known as &ldquo;smart&rdquo; or &ldquo;wired&rdquo; cities, this new privatized way of planning communities allows major communication corporations to play an important role in shaping the future of our communities. Google, IBM, and Intel are all playing a role in planning the future of Portland, Oregon. By analyzing documents such as planning ordinances, financial reports, and government transcripts, as well as conducting interviews with city planners and corporate employees, this study found that many of the &ldquo;smart&rdquo; city efforts being undertaken by these communication corporations are intimately tied to their efforts to bring the Internet of Things (IoT) to fruition. Ultimately, the main goal of these efforts is to utilize urban communication technologies (UCTs) to gather data about community members by tracking their activities. In this emerging personal data economy, identities are the main commodity being fetishized.</p>

<p> Aaron Belkin argues that military men must navigate "binary oppositions" of masculine and anti-masculine or feminine behaviors, mostly of a physical nature, to be considered good soldiers/good men. Embracing these polar behaviors of strong and weak, expressing the masculine aggressiveness expected of them hand-in-hand with the non-masculine submissiveness of obedience to superiors, creates "double binds," he argued. This study expands on and challenges Belkin's theory by identifying how soldiers' navigation of conflicting gendered discourses may extend beyond the body and the barracks. The study identified physical/psychological toughness and leadership and duty/respect as core masculine military discourses consistent with the literature. It also uncovered soldiers'/veterans' conflicting expectations around the expression of emotions, particularly in how they must navigate a military community of practice that breeds deep bonds and affection among men yet conditions them to defer or compartmentalize expression of emotions about their comrades. This conflict between the subjugation of the individual and the deferral of emotions may create more contradictory discourses when combat soldiers re-enter mass culture and its expectations of self-made masculinity. The study's findings raise interesting questions about how participants experience and articulate "being a man" both in the military and civilian worlds and may contribute to better understanding the difficulties some veterans face, including psychological/mental health issues, upon their return to civilian life. The study has potentially important ramifications for policy at many levels, particularly around how the military and society at-large facilitate and ease re-entry and re-engagement of veterans.</p><p> <i>Keywords</i>: Masculinity, public policy, military, veterans, communication, mental health</p>

<p>Research workflows in higher education have converged onto digital formats. While the technology to store data has improved at an increasing pace, personal and organizational behaviors have not adapted as rapidly. The study sought ways to communicate digital preservation skills to researchers to improve the permanency of their research data. This study proposes three temporal contexts digital ? short-term, long-term and trans-generational. Study questions asked selected participants about how they manage their digital data. The study used Diffusion of Innovation theory concepts within an Activity Theory construct and the Open Archive Information System to model key areas of transformation. The key areas were determined by analysis of interviews, surveys and institutional data. The model provides a new way to understand the complex set of issues that can inhibit data preservation. The study used descriptive statistics and social network analysis to elaborate ways to transmit new data preservation attitudes and behaviors more effectively. In particular, the data management plan requirement for National Science Foundation grant submissions was found to be a potentially powerful motivator for a limited number of researchers. The study found that there is an opportunity for the institution to create group activities, such as workshops, that specifically include faculty with NSF grants and those who share other grant submission experience with them. The study also found that information technology staffs need to understand research problems from the researcher perspective better to overcome some trust issues. Finally, campus leadership needs to identify their role in addressing the issue for the long-term benefit of the institution. Strategic goals are an important first step. Building a robust digital preservation environment is an iterative process dependent on many perspectives. The goal of this research is to speed the process by developing a systems-level model for exposing problem areas.

Thesis (PhD (Communication Management))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

i A bstr a ct T he t hesis ai ms t o s he d li g ht o n t he E ur o p e a n Ce ntr al B a n k s c o m m u nic ati o n i n or der t o i de ntif y its m ai n c o m p o ne nts b e ari n g i nf or m ati o n a b o ut f ut ure c h a n ges i n t he p olic y r ate. For t he a n al ysis, t he st u d y i ntr o d uces a m o di fic ati o n of a wi del y use d a p pr o ac h b ase d o n t he disse nt e x presse d i n pre vi o us m o net ar y p olic y v ote. Si nce t he E ur o p e a n Ce ntr al B a n k d o es n ot p u blis h t he v ote's det ails t he c o m m u nic ati o n of t he ce ntr al b a n k is use d as a pr o x y. Res ults n ot o nl y c o n fir m t he pre dicti ve p o wer of t he c o m m u nic ati o n b ut f urt her m ore i n dic ate t h at t he fi n a nci al m ar kets d o n ot f ull y i nc or p or ate t he i nf or m ati o n c o nt ai ne d. A det aile d a n al ysis s h o ws t he rele va nce of t he ti mi n g, deli ver y a n d c o nte nt of t he c o m m u nic ati o n. T he st u d y t heref ore pr o vi des a s u m m ar y of t he i m p ort a nt f act ors of t he E ur o p e a n Ce ntr al B a n k b o ar d me m b ers st ate me nts f or pre dicti n g f ut ure m o net ar y p olic y.

A common narrative in the late twentieth-early twenty-first centuries is that historic rural landscapes and cultural practices are in danger of disappearing in the face of modern development pressures. However, efforts to preserve rural landscapes have dichotomized natural and cultural resources and tended to "freeze" these resources in time. They have essentialized the character of both "rural" and "developed" and ignored the dynamic natural and cultural processes that produce them. In this dissertation I outline an agenda for critical and applied heritage research that reframes heritage as a transformative social practice in order to move beyond the hegemonic treatment of heritage as the objects of cultural property. I propose an anthropological theory of shared heritage: a culturally mediated ethical practice that references the past in order to intervene in alienating processes of the present to secure a recognizable future for practitioners and prospective beneficiaries. More specifically, I develop (1) an ethical framework for shared heritage practice that values social tolerance and future security, (2) a model for the critical assessment of a heritage protection strategy's potential for supporting a shared heritage ethic, and (3) a methodology for scholars, heritage advocates, and community leaders to realistically enact shared heritage. I document two case studies of rural residents implementing heritage protection strategies in the face of suburban and tourism development in Hadley, Massachusetts, and Eleuthera, Bahamas, respectively. I engage with these case studies at three distinct levels: (1) locating and critiquing the potential for a shared heritage ethics in the attempts to preserve private agricultural land in Hadley; (2) developing and applying a community-based heritage inventory assessment in Hadley; and (3) modeling an internet-based communications system for supporting shared heritage development in Eleuthera. Taken together, this dissertation offers an anthropological model for documenting and analyzing the discursive and material productions of cultural identities and landscapes inherent in heritage resource protection and a set of methods that heritage professionals and practitioners can apply to cultivate shared heritage ethics.

This thesis aims to discuss the main political and public aspects in the frame of media development and their changes, which are recalled by media. Political competition and its market behaviour is nowadays very naturally predisposed. Decision-making processes in the political sphere attract the attention not just by the experts, but also by wide and laic community. Behaviour of political leaders is influcnced by several changes approving in the political sphere and its circles. The global approach to media plays the key role, at the hand of political circles, which candidates directly and very hard appeal in all the elector's groups. Also very important factor here is a wide expansion of informative technologies. Racionalization of elective behaviour becomes very often in these days, what in many cases means that voters are still more sceptical to the relationship of the political scenes and its candidates. The more voices belong to that candidates who the voters think about, they refer the most interesting political pre-voting marketing and campaign. These changes shown, lead to the claim, that political parties direct their campaign by the hand of the base of marketing rules. The concept about the consequence of political communication leads to the rising interest of mass media and policy. The...

Theses (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-148). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M(Political Policy Studies))-University of Pretoria, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references and summary.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:17:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Gianordoli Teixeira.pdf: 675197 bytes, checksum: 59475c2090458a93d791ef5412d30b6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-08 / This thesis is dedicated to investigate the source of electoral behavior, one being rational, logical and ideological and the other manifested mainly in the television, toward the seduction of the voter rather than his honest belief. To explain how such behavior, which sometimes seem to escape of what we call rationality, this research argues that elections are rather than be an area of dispute by ideas is a space of actors, working on the basis of a series manipulation tactics aiming the power and domination. We, therefore, have as problem the question: What is the origin of the nature of the speeches used in political campaigns and the communicational efficacy of them? As hypothesis, we propose: the strategies adopted by politicians during the election period, and aspects about the election campaigns carried on television, can be understood in its fundaments from existing information about animal behavior, studied in Ethology - the biology of behavior and the Biosemiotic, in order to understand the specific features of the electoral moment and its relation to our evolution history. We point out that the proposed hypothesis is not reductionist (in the sense to propose only biological explanations) but tries to capture the evolutional complexity contained in the transition from the biological to the psychosocial. The political discourse in the Free Advertising Electoral Period offers a broad field of investigation due to its language to an elaborate work of marketing or conviction. The bridges between the searched authors and our natural context wanted to consider the connection between electoral campaign and animal nature. Within the Program in Communication and Semiotics, this study, combining the social and biological areas, is based on Darwinian evolutionary theory and science of communication, in order to be inserted in the research line of Culture and Media Environment. This thesis took theoretical and practical methodology to test its hypothesis, revealing that the understanding of communication processes of political campaigns, is based on inheritance ethological typical of higher primates. This is because the most primitive component of human beings, the ethological origin, considers the views and strategies of domination in ethological niche occupied by politicians, related to the limbic complex, common to all mammals, rather than the neocortical behavior assigned exclusively to the human species. In the discussions, found the communication processes in political media and the explicit communication behavior, in the figure of candidates as well as the implicit ones, belonging to the agents of political marketing / Esta tese está dedicada à investigar a origem de comportamentos eleitorais, um dos quais tem caráter racional, lógico e ideológico e outro, manifesto principalmente na comunicação televisiva, voltado para a sedução do eleitor e não ao seu convencimento honesto. Para explicar como tais comportamentos,que, por vezes, parecem fugir ao que denominamos de racionalidade humana, esta pesquisa defende que as eleições, antes de serem um espaço da disputa pelas idéias, são um espaço dos atores, funcionando, ainda, com base em uma série de táticas de manipulação, objetivando o poder e a dominação. Temos assim, como problema, a pergunta: qual a origem da natureza dos discursos utilizados nas campanhas políticas e da eficácia comunicacional dos mesmos? Como Hipótese, propomos: as estratégias adotadas pelos políticos, por ocasião do período eleitoral, e os aspectos acerca das campanhas eleitorais veiculadas na televisão, podem ser compreendidas em seus fundamentos a partir das informações existentes sobre o comportamento animal, estudadas na Etologia - biologia do comportamento e a Biosemiótica, de forma a compreendermos as características especificas do momento eleitoral e sua relação com a história da nossa evolução. Frisamos que a hipótese proposta não tem caráter reducionista (no sentido de propor explicações somente biológicas) mas sim tenta captar a complexidade evolutiva contida na transição do biológico ao psicossocial. O discurso político no Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral oferece um campo amplo de investigação em função de sua linguagem obedecer a um elaborado trabalho de marketing, ou seja, de convencimento. As pontes buscadas entre os autores estudados e nosso contexto singular, pretenderam equacionar a conexão entre campanha eleitoral e natureza animal. Dentro do Programa de Comunicação e Semiótica, este estudo, que reúne as áreas social e biológica, se apóia na teoria evolutiva darwinista e nas ciências da comunicação, para, se inserir na linha de pesquisa Cultura e Ambientes Midiáticos. Esta tese adotou metodologia teórico prática para testar sua hipótese, revelando que a compreensão dos processos comunicacionais, em particular, das campanhas políticas, é sempre apoiada na herança etológica típica de primata superior. Isto porque, a componente mais primitiva do ser humano, de origem etológica, enaltece as exibições e estratégias de dominação nos nichos etológicos ocupados pelos políticos, em lugar do comportamento neocortial atribuído à espécie. Em suas discussões, encontrou os processos de comunicação na mídia política e os comportamentos comunicacionais explícitos, na figura dos candidatos, assim como aqueles implícitos, pertencentes à atuação dos agentes de marketing político