published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1983. / Also available in print.

Chan Hon-suen, Autor. / Bibliography: leaves 139-141 / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986

手稿本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Shou gao ben. / Includes bibliographical references: leaves 178-191. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 序言 --- p.1-6 / Chapter 第一章 --- 三自愛國運動的經過 --- p.7-58 / Chapter 第二章 --- 吳耀宗對拯救的觀念 --- p.59-91 / Chapter 第三章 --- 趙紫宸對拯救的觀念 --- p.92-126 / Chapter 第四章 --- 倪拆聲對拯救的觀念 --- p.127-154 / Chapter 第五章 --- 結論 --- p.155-177 / 參考書目 --- p.178-191

論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學硏究院政治及公共行政學部,1994. / 參考文獻: leaves 137-152 / 何榮漢. / 圖表目錄 --- p.i / 主要官方文件縮寫表 --- p.ii / Chapter 第一章 --- 導言 --- p.1-5 / Chapter 第二章 --- 從國家與宗教的關係看中國共產黨的宗教政策 --- p.6-25 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究中共宗教政策的起點 --- p.6-11 / Chapter 第二節 --- 中國共產黨與基督教的初步接觸 --- p.12-14 / Chapter 第三節 --- 中共建國至文革前的宗教政策 --- p.15-17 / Chapter 第四節 --- 文革期間的宗教政策 --- p.18-19 / Chapter 第五節 --- 文革後的宗教政策 --- p.20-25 / Chapter 第三章 --- 合法性危機下的宗教政策 --- p.26-58 / Chapter 第一節 --- 八十年代的宗教政策：合法性的危機與回應 --- p.26-30 / Chapter 第二節 --- 八十年代宗教政策的基礎：「十九號文件」 --- p.31-46 / Chapter 第三節 --- 九十年代的宗教政策：從「宗教法」到「六號文件」 --- p.47-58 / Chapter 第四章 --- 非官方意見中的基督教 --- p.59-86 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.59-61 / Chapter 第二節 --- 基督教作為一種道德取向的選擇 --- p.62-70 / Chapter 第三節 --- 有關基督教與科學的關係 --- p.71-79 / Chapter 第四節 --- 有關基督教對政治的影響 --- p.80-86 / Chapter 第五章 --- 基督教--股社會力量的興起 --- p.87-102 / Chapter 第一節 --- 關於國家與社會關係的討論 --- p.87-91 / Chapter 第二節 --- 一股社會力量的興起 --- p.92-96 / Chapter 第三節 --- 基督教在官方政策下的政治取向 --- p.97-102 / Chapter 第六章 --- 结論 --- p.103-107 / 註釋 / 第一章 --- p.108 / 第二章 --- p.109-112 / 第三章 --- p.113-122 / 第四章 --- p.123-128 / 第五章 --- p.129-134 / 第六章 --- p.135-136 / 書目 / 中、英文單行本及文集 --- p.137-142 / 英文期刊論文 --- p.143-144 / 中文期刊論文及報章 --- p.145-152

本文通过比较的视角来探索中共政权对中国天主教会包括官方与地下教会的特殊控制及其原因。自中共建国后，对比与其同宗同源，同为近代外来宗教的基督新教，中国天主教会长期以来受到中共严厉的控制。同时，近三十年来，基督新教在中国发展迅猛，成为当代中国发展最快的宗教，而在晚清和国民党政权下，基督新教在中国的发展一直远远落后于天主教。本文试图对这两个特殊现象进行研究。 / 对于中共的严厉控制，学界的普遍观点是将其归结为天主教会强大的外国背景和与梵蒂冈的关系； 而近三十年来基督新教在华迅猛发展的原因被认为是它改良的教义和积极的传教模式。然而，基督新教同样具有强大的外国背景，它改良的教义和传教模式自晚清起在中国并没有本质改变，为何只在中共政权下得到迅速发展？本文试图通过对比天主教与基督新教在教义与组织结构、在华传播模式与发展速度、在华对政治的参与等方面的差异，以及天主教会在中国与中共政权在意识形态与组织结构上的异同，来探索中共对天主教会的特殊对待是否存在更深层次的原因，并探讨两者之间是否存在不可调和的矛盾。 / 笔者认为，作为一个意识形态与组织高度合一的政权，中共害怕任何有严密统一全国性组织的宗教，不管它是否有外国背景。而作为有全国性统一严密组织的宗教组织，天主教会在中国之所以没有像"一贯道"和"法轮功"一样被中共消灭掉，是因为其与梵蒂冈的关系。作为"国际性合法宗教"，天主教得以在中国生存。与基督新教相比，天主教会在中国，作为一种保守的，不倾向于革命或改良的宗教组织，在主观上从未试图挑战政权，但是其政教合一的严密组织以及建立在儒家伦理和宗族（家族）基础上的稳定的网络结构，在客观上构成对中共政权的有力竞争与潜在威胁，因此受到中共严密控制。中共利用"自选自圣"的策略，保持天主教会在中国的分裂， 从而达到"分而治之"的目的。同时，中共保持天主教地下教会在中国有限度的存在，以维持其对中国天主教会的有效控制。 / My research focuses on church-state relations in contemporary China, to explore whether or not the Catholic Church in China constitutes a threat to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) regime. I am undertaking a comparative study of the CCP’s religious control over the Catholic and Protestant churches in mainland China through the approach of state-society relations, as well as a macroscopic view of political science with quantitative and qualitative analysis. / As they are both foreign-originated parts of Christianity, the Catholic Church has been subjected to much stricter controls from the mainland CCP since 1949 than the Protestant Churches. Furthermore, the Protestant churches have been the fastest growing religion in China in past three decades, but it had once grown relatively very slowly under late Qing and the KMT regimes, compared with the Catholicism. This research tries to explore these two strange phenomena, to study why the CCP has been so highly attentive towards the Catholic Church but has not eliminated it in mainland China. / Through expounding the differences between the Catholic Church and the Protestant churches in religious doctrines, organizational structures, propagation models, as well as development rates in China, which have been ignored by most scholars in the field, I try to interpret why the CCP has taken much tougher religious control over the Catholic Church, compared with the Protestant ones. Furthermore, I also make comparison between the Catholic Church and the CCP both of those are hierarchical organizations with highly unified ideologies, as well as different kinds of Universalism and Particularism. / In my view, the Catholic Church in China is different from Protestant churches, in that it has the tradition of "The Directives of Matteo Ricci," which expounded Christian doctrines in a Confucian way. It also comports with the traditional dependence on patriarchal clans (kinship) and obedience to secular authority found in Chinese society. It is not a social group that inclines to reform or revolution, but rather a conservative, exclusive, and highly stable one. Therefore, it has never intended to threaten or challenge the CCP’s authority. The opposition of the Catholic Church in China has been "misperceived" by the CCP. / As a regime highly unified in ideology and organization, the CCP’s state has been highly attentive toward any religion that has a nationwide, structured organization in China, whether it is of foreign or native provenance. Contrary to the common view in the field, it is argued that the Catholic Church could survive in China after 1949 -- in contrast to the "I-Kuan Tao" (Yi Guan Dao; eliminated in 1950’s), and "Falun Gong" (eliminated in recent years), because of its powerful world-wide network, its linkage with the Vatican. The CCP wants to maintain the disruption between the official and underground Catholic Churches in the Chinese mainland, to divide the Catholic Church and rule it in China. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 郝瑩. / Thesis submitted: October 2013. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-236). / Abstracts also in English. / Hao Ying.

by Lai Yuet Sim, Phoebe. / Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-183). / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.v / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Literature --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Those Related to Wu's Biography and Work --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Those Related to Wu's Theology and Ideology --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- "Those Related to Wu, the TSM and Chinese Protestant Christianity" --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives and Significance of the Study --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Scope of Study --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Method of Study --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Fundamental Considerations --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Analytical Framework --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5 --- Limitations --- p.16 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- THE CHINESE CONTEXT AND WU'S SOCIAL INVOLVEMENT --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Pre´ؤPRC Era: 1893-1949 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- The Late Qing Years 1893-1911 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- The Dictatorship of Yuan Shikai 1911-1916 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- "Warlordism, the Enlightenment and Civil War 1916-1931" --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Japanese Aggression and War of Resistance 1931-1945 --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Civil War between CNP and CCP 1945-1949 --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2 --- The PRC Era 1949-1979 --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Socialist Construction 1949-1956 --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- "Ultraleftism, the Cultural Revolution and Modernization1957-1979" --- p.62 / Chapter 2.3 --- Comments --- p.66 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- THEOLOGY AND SOCIAL INVOLVEMENT: WU'S IDEAS --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1 --- Jesus Christ and Love --- p.74 / Chapter 3.2 --- Jesus' Gospel --- p.81 / Chapter 3.3 --- God --- p.84 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- God as Love and as Father --- p.86 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- "Contents of the Term ""God""" --- p.87 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Works of God --- p.91 / Chapter 3.4 --- Truth --- p.93 / Chapter 3.5 --- Kingdom of God --- p.95 / Chapter 3.6 --- Mission of Chinese Christianity --- p.98 / Chapter 3.7 --- Communism and Christianity --- p.109 / Chapter 3.8 --- A Synthesis --- p.112 / Chapter 3.8.1 --- 1918-1931: Love --- p.113 / Chapter 3.8.2 --- 1931-1939: Jesus' Gospel --- p.113 / Chapter 3.8.3 --- 1940-1949: God --- p.117 / Chapter 3.8.4 --- After 1949: Mission of Christianity --- p.121 / Chapter 3.9 --- Comments --- p.123 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- AN EVALUATION --- p.135 / Chapter 4.1 --- Consistency? --- p.135 / Chapter 4.2 --- Relevancy? --- p.141 / Chapter 4.3 --- Renovational? --- p.147 / Chapter 4.4 --- Continuity? --- p.148 / NOTES --- p.163 / BIBLIOGEAPHY --- p.173

麥炳坤 = The Christian church and the socialist movement in China : the responses and adjustments of the Chinese Christian intellectuals 1945-1954 / Mak Beng-kuan. / 論文(博士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves [263]-300. / Mai Bingkun = The Christian church and the socialist movement in China : the responses and adjustments of the Chinese Christian intellectuals 1945-1954 / Mak Beng-kuan. / 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 內戰時期的中國基督敎會(1945-1949) --- p.19 / Chapter 第一節 --- 歷史背景：從勝利到失敗 --- p.19 / Chapter 一 --- 八年抗戰結束 / Chapter 二 --- 國共內戰爆發 / Chapter 三 --- 通貨急劇膨脹 / Chapter 四 --- 官吏貪污腐敗 / Chapter 五 --- 人心渴求安定 / Chapter 第二節 --- 宗敎政策：從條文到事實 --- p.23 / Chapter 一 --- 國民政府 / Chapter 二 --- 蘇維埃區 / Chapter 第三節 --- 敎會槪況：從紛亂到劃一（上） --- p.45 / Chapter 一 --- 敎會的危機 / Chapter 二 --- 敎會的恢復 / Chapter 三 --- 基督敎會與時代轉變 / 小結 / Chapter 第二章 --- 建國前後一一從統戰到改造 --- p.64 / Chapter 第一節 --- 知識分子政策 --- p.64 / Chapter 一 --- 名義與根源 / Chapter 二 --- 延安時代一一抗日統一戰線與吸收知識分子 / Chapter 三 --- 延安時代一一知識分子的敎育、改造與整風 / Chapter 四 --- 一九四九年前後的整頓、敎育與改造 / Chapter 五 --- 人民民主專政下的統戰與改造 / Chapter 第二節 --- 基督敎自由主義知識分子 --- p.89 / Chapter 一 --- 來自美國的自由主義思想 / Chapter 二 --- 中國基督敎自由主義知識分子 / Chapter 三 --- 從統戰到改造 / 小結 / Chapter 第三章 --- 從自由主義到新正統主義：神學家趙紫宸 --- p.109 / 引言 / Chapter 第一節 --- 一生神學敎育事業 --- p.111 / Chapter 一 --- 少年求學 / Chapter 二 --- 東吳時期 / Chapter 三 --- 燕京時期（一）：從自由主義到新正統主義 / Chapter 四 --- 燕京時期（二）：從矛盾到樂觀 / Chapter 五 --- 建國後的處境與適應 / 小結 / Chapter 第二節 --- 時代的信息 --- p.128 / Chapter 一 --- 早期的自由神學 / Chapter 二 --- 新正統主義與敎會觀 / Chapter 三 --- 敎會改革論與新中國：思想調適之路 / 小結 / Chapter 第四章 --- 從基督敎敎育到哲學硏究：敎育家韋卓民 --- p.160 / 引言中國基督敎高等敎育 / Chapter 第一節 --- 一生華大事業 --- p.164 / Chapter 一 --- 從文華書院到華中大學：從學生到校長 / Chapter 二 --- 巨變中的爭扎：從希望到失望 / Chapter 三 --- 思想改造與調適：哲學硏究與曠達人生 / 小結 / Chapter 第二節 --- 韋卓民思想 --- p.183 / Chapter 一 --- 基督敎信仰及其與中國文化之融匯 / Chapter 二 --- 敎育理論與實踐 / Chapter 三 --- 智慧之學的調適 / 小結 / Chapter 第五章 --- 從社會活動到三自運動：改革者吳耀宗 --- p.196 / 引言 / Chapter 第一節 --- 靑年會事業 --- p.198 / Chapter 一 --- 學生工作與社會服務 / Chapter 二 --- 出版工作 / Chapter 三 --- 統戰對象 / Chapter 第二節 --- 吳耀宗思想：從唯愛到革命 --- p.207 / Chapter 一 --- 基督敎思想 / Chapter 二 --- 社會革命思想 / 小結 / Chapter 第三節 --- 從意念到實踐：三自革新運動 --- p.221 / Chapter 一 --- 吳耀宗基督敎改造的意念 / Chapter 二 --- 吳耀宗領導的敎會改革：三自革新運動的興起 / Chapter 三 --- 五十年代敎會簡況：從紛亂到劃一（下） / 小結 / Chapter 第六章 --- 綜析：反應與調適 --- p.235 / Chapter 第一節 --- 理性與存在的決定 --- p.235 / Chapter 第二節 --- 統戰與改造對象 --- p.237 / Chapter 第三節 --- 共產主義及政敎關係 --- p.240 / Chapter 第四節 --- 基督與文化 --- p.243 / Chapter 第五節 --- 敎會改造與個人調適 --- p.247 / 總結論 / 附錄一：趙紫宸生平年表 --- p.253 / 附錄二 ：韋卓民生平年表 --- p.255 / 附錄三：吳耀宗生平年表 --- p.258 / 書目 --- p.263