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Community capacity building, community development and health : a case study of 'health issues in the community'Phillips, Richard January 2007 (has links)
This research project aimed to further knowledge regarding the relationship between community capacity building (CCB), community development and health within the context of the Health Issues in the Community (HIIC) programme. CCB refers to the development of capabilities to identify and address community issues and was conceptualised using four dimensions: participation, resource mobilisation, links with others and role of outside agents. HIIC is a learning resource supported by NHS Health Scotland, the national health promotion agency. The main objective of HIIC is to help students explore the processes involved in tackling health-related concerns in the community. The main concepts in this study were explored by referring to a range of academic literatures and five research questions were formulated. ‘How did HIIC tutors and students understand the concept of community and was this understanding influenced by completing HIIC?’, ‘How did stakeholders and tutors understand the notion of CCB?’, ‘Was CCB evident in the experiences of the students after their involvement with the course?’, ‘Did participating in the HIIC course contribute towards furthering students’ understanding about health?’ and ‘Did participating in HIIC have any other impact on participants?’ Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted across Scotland with three participant groups: stakeholders, tutors and students. This involved a total of thirtyfive interviews with students and tutors from eleven different courses. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Four key themes emerged: community, CCB, health, and impact of learning. Tutors and students suggested that people could be members of multiple communities. Community was understood as a geographical location, a common interest and as a sense of belonging. Tutors also considered the community as a site of professional practice. Some participants had an expectation that community members should act collectively to help one another. Completing HIIC appeared to influence students’ understanding about their own circumstances, issues within their community and how it functions, rather than informing how they defined the concept of community. CCB was seen by tutors as a process that develops competencies to address community issues. Stakeholders and tutors differed in their views about whether CCB was an individual level or a collective process. Participants likened CCB to community development, but stakeholders questioned if it shared the same value base or if it was an outcome of community development. Tutors expressed a range of opinions about their understanding of CCB. It was viewed as a potentially helpful idea in terms of understanding the work of community / health-based practitioners. However, others were unable to give a definition of CCB and some tutors considered CCB a concept with little meaning or an indicator to fulfil in the context of a funding application. The manifestation of individual aspects of CCB were identified in the accounts of some participants, but the data did not support the contention that HIIC promoted CCB, within the timescale of this study, although, it could be argued that latent CCB was developed. The data did indicate that participants’ understanding about the concept of health was reaffirmed, broadened or changed and that participating in HIIC could increase an individual’s awareness of social and health issues, develop interpersonal skills and widen social networks. This study indicated that by exploring the concepts of CCB, community and health, a contribution was made towards understanding the processes by which participating in a HIIC course influenced students to address health-related concerns.
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A strategy for organizing a rural development research center at Alcorn A. & M. CollegeTravis, Elliott L. January 1973 (has links)
Call number: LD2668 .P7 1973 T73
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A critique of reorganizational models for community developmentButler, Marvin V. January 1975 (has links)
Call number: LD2668 .P7 1975 B87
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'n Psigo-opvoedkundige program vir die ontwikkeling van vrywilligers vir dienslewering in 'n gemeenskap.19 November 2008 (has links)
D.Ed / Communities in a society consist of individuals within those communities. There are many individual members in those communities who are not effectively involved in serving that society. This study focuses on guiding individual members in a society to effective service in their community. Individuals who report for service in a community are referred to as volunteers. Many people don’t experience full spiritual health because they live selfcentred lives. People don’t realize that there is value in community service. Making a difference in the community by voluntary service leads to inner fulfilment and meaning. To accompany volunteers in finding their places of service, the following research question was asked: “What can be done to further voluntary community service?” The aim of this study was the description, implementation and evaluation of a Psycho-Educational Program to mobilize service in individuals to thereby further mental health. From a methodological viewpoint a qualitative research strategy was applied to realize the purpose mentioned above. A method of scouting and describing was further applied. The field - work was done by means of semi-structured interviews with volunteers. The results obtained were analysed and categorized. The findings of the data were justified by means of literature control. The trustworthiness of the findings was assured in this way. The following main themes were identified: · Points of departure to discover your place of service · Establishing healthy relationships The results of the data analysis show that the volunteer wants to know what value community service has to offer before he makes his time available for service. The volunteer’s involvement in the community should benefit his spiritual health by his experiencing meaning, peace and even health. The research indicated the fact that the volunteer should move through a process of self-discovery to find his place of service. When the volunteer discovers who he is and organizes his life accordingly, it should promote meaning to life. In the research it surfaced that volunteers in many cases experience that human relationships are inadequate. People from different backgrounds and with different types of personality form part of the community team. Therefore an effort should be made to further healthy inter-personal relationships. It is necessary that volunteers develop the social skills to promote healthy inter-personal relationships. In the research it also became clear that the facilitator plays an important role in the volunteer’s guiding process. He must guide the volunteer to find his place of service and to make him part of the community. Subsequently a service program for volunteers was developed. The program was developed out of the themes and categories. The program’s intent is to guide the volunteer in discovering his place of service. By being involved in the field of service which compliments his true “I” or identity, mental health will be attained. Secondly the program’s intent is to equip facilitators so that volunteers can be empowered for service. In conclusion the implementation and evaluation were discussed. Regard to the implementation, it was recommended that community leaders be trained during workshops to implement the service program in their communities. Thereafter they should develop facilitators in their respective communities who will guide volunteers in the process of finding their own places of service. The program was facilitated to a number of volunteers. Their experience was related during a focus - group interview. The data collected were analysed and categorized. The following conclusions were made: The program led to the fact that they realized the value of community service. The partakers discovered their true “I” or identity. This knowledge could be used to determine which type of service would lead to the greatest mental health. They also learned the necessary interpersonal skills for effective community service. The thesis therefore puts a community service program in place that will guide volunteers to find their place in service and to live to the full. In that way they will contribute effectively to society and will also benefit in mental health.
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Community participation in the planning of water service delivery in a rural community in Limpopo Province17 November 2010 (has links)
M.A. / Providing water services to a community takes careful planning and consideration. It is essential that communities are included from the onset in the processes of the project so that their needs, expectations and circumstances can influence decision-making as well as the activities required for the installation and subsequent delivery of the service. This type of involvement is referred to as community participation and it is a very important aspect when a new development takes place in any sector. This study investigated the nature of community participation that took place when a rural village in the Limpopo Province, South Africa, received a water service from the government. This study also assessed the impacts (beneficial and detrimental) on the needs and expectations of the new water system and the level of satisfaction with the service from the viewpoint of community residents. The methods that were used to gather data were focus group meetings, in-depth interviews and a satisfaction survey. The investigation revealed that community participation was not very extensive and was limited to community meetings and labour by community residents. Seven potential benefits of participation, namely, better health, quality of life, equal benefits, human rights, employment opportunities, affordability and sustainable development were identified, but most of the respondents claimed to have only experienced the health benefit from these positive outcomes. Concerns were mostly about the municipality’s insufficient consultation and the tap water not being easily accessible and constantly available. The satisfaction survey confirmed these complaints. Although the study could not show that the dissatisfaction of the community was related to low levels of community participation at the onset of the water service and the lack thereof afterwards, it was recommended that ongoing community participation can resolve the issues that the community might have with the water service and its provider.
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Rural community uplift in Botswana : two educational enterprisesHuggett, Hugh Henry 07 August 2015 (has links)
No description available.
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An analysis of public-private partnerships in housing in the Zimbabwe National Housing Delivery Programme: a case of Masvingo CityChikomwe, Savory 27 October 2014 (has links)
A RESEARCH REPORT PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND
THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT, UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND,
JOHANNESBURG, IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF THE MASTER
OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT (HOUSING).
JOHANNESBURG 2014 / Based on evidence of the performance of a public-private partnership (PPP) housing arrangement
in Masvingo City, Zimbabwe, I argue that PPPs may not thrive in youthful democracies
entrenched in informal approaches to project management. The PPP strategy which was meant to
deliver about 10 000 housing units in Masvingo City has dismally failed to live to its expectation,
save for an ignited spirit of cooperativism. This is in spite of what was dubbed as a potentially
promising partnership strategy involving indigenous private developers and contractors.
Yet the compulsory acquisition of urban and peri-urban farmland country-wide presented powerful
launch pad for a promisingly successful housing delivery that is widely expected to wipe out
serious housing deficits. Housing problems were recently further compounded by Operation
Murambatsvina in 2005 which ruthlessly demolished all informal housing and left several
hundreds of thousands homeless.
Following an insightful in-depth interview methodology and several ground-truthing trips to the
Victoria Ranch Housing Project site, I argue that Government of Zimbabwe (GOZ) arrangements
in terms of legal, administrative and financial aspects were weak to enable successful
implementation of a formal PPP strategy. The arrangements advertently or inadvertently promoted
privatism instead of the mutually beneficial PPP arrangement. As such, there were no clear
regulatory mechanisms and modalities to enable beneficiation of the targeted low-income people
and other economically weaker sections of the Masvingo City Community. There are fears that
undeserving better-offs could have hijacked the scheme.
However, a commendable resilience has emerged through a resurgent self-help housing delivery
approach resulting in many self-built houses in what is widely viewed as a “peculiar” parallel
development. While it could be too early to meaningfully comment on the long-term performance
of the PPP approach, it is clear that justice has not been done to low-income people in Masvingo
who remain largely homeless.
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Exploring corporate social responsibility initiatives in South Africa : the case of the TISO Foundation in Johannesburg.Malm, Angela Eugenia 27 August 2012 (has links)
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) continues to gain attention amongst corporate bodies
and is the medium through which the private sector contributes to development. The last
decade has seen a significant growth in CSR initiative in South Africa, partly due to the
implementation of public polices such as the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) Code of
Good Practice and the various industry charters that obligate corporate institutions to
contribute towards the reconstruction efforts of the nation. As a result many organizations
have adopted strategies that include social development projects as part of their core business
objectives, thus the initiation of certain projects and programmes as part of their CSR
contributions to the reconstruction efforts. Although CSR has roots in philanthropic activities,
it has become evident that when CSR initiatives are designed strategically to embody the
holistic views of business goals towards profit making as well as community goals that
promote positive development. Anecdotal evidence suggests that projects collapse after
corporations discontinue funding due to lack of community involvement which renders CSR
initiatives unresponsive to the developmental needs of communities. The study sought to
explore the extent to which corporate social responsibility initiatives were responsive to the
educational needs of beneficiaries in Johannesburg. It also explored beneficiary perceptions
on how CSR initiatives can be sustained. The study population was drawn from Tiso
Foundation and three partnering organisations. A qualitative case study design was utilised in
the study to obtain in depth information from the research participants concerning the CSR
initiatives of Tiso Foundation. Semi-structured interview schedules were used to conduct
interviews with both beneficiaries of the CSR initiatives and key informants. The research
sample consisted of 16 beneficiaries of Tiso Foundation’s CSR initiatives and 6 key
informants that were drawn from Tiso Foundation and partnering organizations.
The findings revealed that the CSR initiatives were responsive to the needs of the
beneficiaries by providing them access to education and skills development. The findings
also established the nature of beneficiary participation in CSR initiatives as partially
participatory. The study recommended that CSR initiatives should take a developmental
approach towards programme executions to ensure full participation of beneficiaries in order
to ensure sustainability of the programmes even after funding is discontinued. The study also
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suggests the collaborative partnership of government and the private sector towards
sustainable development by enhancing and complimenting each other’s efforts.
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The relationship between Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Community-Based Organizations (CBOs), in implementing development projects in Mozambique.Chilengue, Nárcya Da Piedade A. M. 18 February 2014 (has links)
This study describes and reflects on the partnership between Non-Governmental
Organisations (NGOs) and Community-Based Organisations (CBOs) in implementing
development projects in Mozambique. This is a qualitative case study, whose methods of data
collection were in-depth semi-structured interviews and document analysis. The study was
conducted with two NGOs (one international and one national) and with four CBOs and it
took place in Nampula and Gaza provinces and the capital Maputo. The data were analyzed
using quantitative method.
NGOs and CBOs are different entities in terms of their levels of actuation, responsibilities,
nature, and also differ in terms of resources, such as access to information, funding sources
and human resources. These differences have raised questions around the possibility of the
establishment of an equitable and properly functioning partnership between entities that differ
so much in na}ure.
The NGOs depend majorly on external funds to support the CBOs; however they also rely on
their own funds or funds made available by local funders' institutions. Equally, the CBOs
also undertake, some income activity generation, whose income is used for their own
institutional expenses and also to support some community needs, though they rely mostly on
funds provided by the NGOs.
The central idea of this study is that despite the differences between NGOs and CBOs they
can establish a balanced partnership based on the recognition of the contribution of each
partner and on the significance both attribute to the partnership. The differences constitute the
basis of the partnership which in turn allows the acquisition of mutual benefits, recognition
and sharing of power.
In terms of theoretical framework, I have used Agency theory wherein the NGO is the
"Principal" which in a relationship governed by a contract delegates the CBOs as the "Agent"
of the implementation of projects in the communities.
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The results showed that the partnership between NGOs and CBOs is characterised by
complementarities, mutual benefits, exchange, contribution, and sharing of power by both.
The partnership is also based on recognition of the weaknesses, strengths and value of each
pa1iner which give place to a balanced partnership. However being a balanced partnership it
is also characterised by conflicts that result from the difference of interest between NGOs and
CBOs. Risk constitutes another element that characterizes this partnership since the NGOs
delegate the CBOs the implementation of the project and not always the CBOs will perform
as it is advocated in the contract. Though, as the partnership is valuable for both, NGOs and
CBOs will engage in developing strategies for minimising the potential risk in order to
maintain and maximise the partnership.
The data also showed that the locus of conflict and risk are essentially linked to misusage of
money. Since the CBOs implement the project and are institutionally independent from the
NGOs, the NGOs develop some strategies of control to ensure that the CBOs will act in
accordance of what the contract advocates. It is within these strategies wherein the conflict
arises, especidlly because the CBOs do not always understand some of the strategies adopted
by NGOs to ensure the accomplishment of the contract what led the CBOs also to adopt some
strategies of resistance.
In terms of power and decision-making the data showed that both exercise different kind of
power and the CBOs influence the decision-making process, though the NGOs showed to
have greater control over the process.
The contribution of this study to the existing literature lies in the fact that it brings a different
approach to the power relations between NGOs and CBOs, which is usually seen as a
relationship of the exercise of power by the NGOs over the CBOs. The study seeks to show
that the strategies of resistance, counter power and negotiation developed by the CBOs
constitute a different form of exercise of power and influence. It also shows that the CBOs
are not passive actors in the partnership because they develop strategies to influence and
attract the NGOs in the establishment of partnership and decision-making throughout the
project cycle.
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Exploring the role of greenspace and neighbourhood level inequalities in determining physical activity, health and wellbeing outcomes in young people in Aberdeen CityWatson, Megan January 2019 (has links)
This thesis examines the contribution of urban greenspace to public health and inequalities in young people. Taking a comprehensive, environmental justice approach variations in provision, access, use and experience of greenspace related to neighbourhood level inequalities are explored in relation to physical activity, mood and wellbeing in 16-25 year olds. The project used a three phased, mixed methods design via spatial mapping, real-time monitoring and community-based participatory research. The first phase used Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to conduct an analysis of the provision, accessibility and quality of public greenspace in Aberdeen City. Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation data were used explore and contrast these characteristics between areas categorised as affluent or deprived. The second phase used real-time measures to gather within-person data on greenspace use, physical activity, and mood in 16-25year olds over a seven day period, further exploring how socio-economic variations in good quality greenspace influenced the use and effect of greenspace. The third study phase used qualitative, community-based participatory research to empower young people to explore their experience and importance of greenspace for health. The results suggest a potential positive role of greenspace in public health in relation to increasing physical activity, decreasing sedentary behaviour and providing opportunities for restoration in young people. However, they also demonstrate that social inequalities are present in the provision of good quality greenspace and highlight that quality of greenspace and wider issues related to area level deprivation play a crucial role in the use and experience of greenspace, as well as the effect on physical activity and mood in young people. This has important implications for public health as the promotion of greenspace at a population level could deepen rather than improve health inequalities, by exposing those in affluent areas to health enhancing good quality greenspace and those in deprived areas to the potentially detrimental effects of poor quality greenspace.
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