This research focuses on a rock art recording process as a possible social development project from a Communication for Participatory Development perspective. The study is part of and builds on the wider National Heritage Council-funded Biesje Poort: KhoiSan rock art recording project. The wider project’s overall objective is “to alert and assist the local authority to the presence of a KhoiSan Heritage resource/s in their area of jurisdiction and assist in developing its educational and tourism potential” (NHC/Lange 2010, proposal). One of the project’s secondary objectives is to transfer skills in the recording and representation of the rock engravings and broader cultural landscape via GPS mapping to members of a present day KhoiSan community in the Northern Cape, as well as to young researchers from a variety of educational institutions in South Africa. My research explores and documents the role of participatory communication in the project including its promotion of skills transference, empowerment, and the level of participation amongst all participants. In doing so, the research investigates the dialogue, power relations and research negotiation between members of the multicultural and multidisciplinary research team. Data is gathered via participant observation and face-to-face interviews that is then analysed against participatory development communication principles as outlined in models such as Communication for Participatory Development (Kincaid & Figueroa, 2009), and strategies such as Participatory Action Research (PAR). Findings generated from this study reveal that in spite of all challenges encountered by participants the intended project objectives were met. This study further provides an insight into other possible research outcomes that could be achieved by implementing a participatory communication research with multicultural and multidisciplinary participants. Taking into account the possible influence that this research’s contextual dynamics could have exerted on the outcomes, recommendations have been made that further research be undertaken on a broader scale to provide more definitive evidence of using this approach. Further recommendations are made that dialogue, and skills acquisition or transference, be at the heart of every participatory communication. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

South Africa has one of the highest levels of inequality in the world, and the government has attempted to redress extensive material, social and political deprivation. It has been confronted by the tension between the need for rapid delivery of essential services and the aspiration for people-centred development. Limited resources and insufficient capacity have led the state to contract out service provision to the private sector. There has also been a shift toward self-sufficiency which has placed pressure on service users to manage their own development. 'Public-private Partnerships' have come to be a common feature of many development projects. These partnerships must be understood in relation to prevailing conditions within South Africa. Extensive poverty, social turbulence, an unaccountable state bureaucracy particularly in local government, and vested interests which do not support the goals of redistribution envisaged in the constitution all exist. Public-private partnerships are relatively new to South Africa. Four issues were raised about these relationships: Will they lead to the promotion of efficient and effective service delivery? Do they promote good governance? Is there a specific role for NGOs in public-private partnerships and finally what are the conditions for genuine participation by local communities within public-private partnerships? A study of public-private partnerships in the water sector, involved in the Community Water Supply and Sanitation Programme was undertaken. A variety of research methods, notably formal and semi-formal interviews and focus group discussions were employed to explore these relationships. Fieldwork was conducted between November 1998 and January 1999. The research involved familiarisation with new South African policy legislation which is set to alter the entire institutional environment. The study also drew upon international literature in order to assess the influence of global changes upon the water sector in South Africa, and also to locate the forms of water service provision within broader theoretical contexts. The key organisations which were investigated, and those which played a role in the Community Water Supply and Sanitation Programme were: the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry; the Mvula Trust, a large national non government organisation (NGO); various water committees supported by the Mvula Trust; and the Build, Operate, Train and Transfer (BOTT) consortia, which are joint ventures between the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF), private firms and the Mvula Trust. Turning first to the question of the efficiency and effectiveness of public-private partnerships in service delivery, the findings of this study reveal that there are gaps in service delivery in the water sector which are not being filled by public-private partnerships. Poor performance by project managers, cases of exploitation by project and training agents of community organisations, and insufficient accountability (especially on the BOTT projects) towards the water users, are widely in evidence. Key leadership and managerial functions within these ventures are missing. The findings of the study reinforce the need for the state to play an active role in managing and leading public-private partnerships. The second issue concerning the relationship between public-private partnerships and good governance, reflects confusion in state priorities. The Water Services Act stipulates the importance of local government managing water service provision. Yet public-private partnerships currently bypass this level of governance. Turning to the third issue of the role for NGOs in public-private partnerships, it could be argued that like other NGOs in South Africa Mvula has to deal with various contradictions. In many ways it operates as a parastatal, not as an NGO. Mvula is dependent on the state for funding, the recent funding crisis has highlighted the dangers of such reliance upon the state, and Mvula can be criticised for being short sighted and too trusting. It has also meant that Mvula has had to adopt DWAF's policy objectives which differ markedly from those of the Trust. At another level, though, Mvula's ability to introduce innovative approaches to water service delivery and to influence policy on water service delivery proves that there are ways in which state and non-state actors can engage in useful relationships. The debate about participation has also been woven into the discussion about public-private partnerships. The basis for public-private partnerships in South Africa has been that local communities would manage their own development processes. Radical participation has been entrenched both in the constitution of SA and in the goals of the RDP. Yet none of the actors (even the Mvula Trust) promote radical participation. At best a watered down version based on community consultation was applied, although in numerous projects participation was token. For the foreseeable future participation will remain a central element of service delivery. Service providers will have to allocate more resources and time toward supporting community organisations to manage their own development. This in tum will increase the costs of service delivery. In the long term these functions should be handed over to local government, in order that rural dwellers may concentrate on their livelihoods. The most critical project in the next ten to fifteen years will be to build strong local government. The biggest challenge will be to change the organisational mindset of these presently conservative and weak structures. A theme, which has underpinned this dissertation, has been the debate between efficiency and equity. Questions remain as to whether it was possible to reconcile these perhaps conflicting goals. In essence: was it possible for public-private partnerships to deliver basic services, both speedily and by redistributing resources to the poorest. This research has found that public-private partnerships in the water sector have failed to excel with either of these goals. The Mvula trust is concerned with the participation of the poorest, yet these projects are much slower than the services provided by the BOTT consortia. The BOTT consortia are able to undertake rapid service delivery although there is limited involvement by local communities, which in turn threatens the long-term sustainability of the BOTT projects. The lessons to be learnt from this case study are that privatisation and the contracting out of state services need to be accompanied by the simultaneous development of strong institutions. These include NGOs, CBOs, private contractors and local and national state institutions. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1999.

資本全球擴展至今已經令我們的時代傷痕累累，各種各樣的社會運動應運而生，試圖突破現局。香港近年幾起以空間為本位的社會運動都甚為引人注目，其中利東街社區運動可謂開風氣之先，草擬了香港首份民間規劃方案──啞鈴方案，此後受拆遷影響的社區除了選擇賠償和安置以外，還可以選擇集體抗爭爭取民間規劃。提出了香港首份民間規劃劃方案固然意義重大，不過利東街社區運動留給我們遠不止於此。本論文從頭梳理一遍利東街社區運動的經驗，由一九九八年土地發展公司正式宣佈重建利東街，至市區重建局接手後利東街街坊成立H15重建關注組、提出爭取賠償安置以外的訴求、及後草擬啞鈴方案爭取落實以人為本的規劃。雖然啞鈴方案最後不獲局方接受，無法落實，卻為社區所可以有的政治意義帶來豐富的內容。本論文透過整理利東街社區運動的經驗，歸納並提出社區在資本主義全球化下所能夠展現出來的政治意義。 / The global expansion of capital has brought to our contemporaries wounds and scars, leading thereby to social movements of all types. In the recent years in Honk Kong, we have witnessed many social movements concerned with spatial issues, among them some are more eye-catching while some of them not. Lee Tung Street community movement, among all the spatially minded social movements, is one with exceptional importance. It has marked a new beginning for other community movements by proposing the first ever community-based redevelopment plan ──Dumbbell Proposal. Although the Dumbbell was rejected in the end despite untiring efforts from the Lee Tung Street community and supports from various public ranks, Lee Tung Street community movement has left us with an enriched concept of "community", which is filled with political meanings, and potentials to fight the hegemonic capitalist globality. This thesis will consolidate experiences in different stages of Lee Tung Street community movement, from the time when Land Development Company first announced the redevelopment project, to the period when the community organized themselves into a group called H15 concern group which launched the famous Dumbbell Proposal. From these events, I will extract and explain the political meanings of "community", which paves a way for alternatives in our globalized society. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 陳倩玉. / Parallel title from English abstract. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-113). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chen Qianyu.

by Wong Yuk Lin, Renita. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 115-122.

Chan Man Kong. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2001-2002, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / introduction / index / timeline / genesis / Shelter and Local Spirit In Yau Ma Tei / site / program / design / Chapter - --- phase i / Chapter - --- phase ii / Chapter - --- phase iii / Chapter - --- phase iv / bibliography / acknowledgement

Chan Kuk Valley. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2000-2001, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Preface / Acknowledgements / Origin [Information Collection] / Tuen Mun was once the most important place in Hong Kong / Many things changed / Transient are all the people in Tuen Mun / Transition is the character of Tuen Mun / Milestone 1 [ Analysis and Mission statement] / Memories Lost / Memory container is needed / Milestone 2 [ Site selection] / Containing reference to the post / Hung Lau / Tin Hau Temple / Sam Shing Temple / Milestone 3 [ Program] / Combining two Tuen Mun Centers / Nuclear program / Additional program / Milestone 4 [ Design development] / Milestone 5 [ Design concept] / X Is the mark of the place / X is the interception point between old and new / X is the intersection point among people / Milestone 6 [ Final design] / Destination? Next milestone? / Appendix: / Tin Hau study / Model photo / Reference

Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography : leaves 212-215. / Ph.D.

Tan, Xilin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-127). / Abstracts in English and Chinese ; includes Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Controversies over the Ghost City --- p.1 / Fengdu --- p.2 / The Ghost City and Popular Religion --- p.3 / The Three Gorges Reservoir and the Relocation --- p.8 / Developing Tourism --- p.9 / Popular Religion in China --- p.13 / Revival of Popular Religion --- p.13 / Legitimatization of Popular Religion --- p.15 / Organization of the thesis --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- The Landscape of Fengdu --- p.20 / Landscape of Fengdu County --- p.20 / The Reservoir Area in Chongqing --- p.20 / Population --- p.23 / Influence of the Dam --- p.25 / Fengdu Religious Landscape --- p.30 / The Ghost City after the 1980s --- p.33 / The Divine Palace: A Modern Amusement Park --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Legitimating the Ghost City --- p.51 / The Ghost City in Dispute --- p.51 / The Ambiguous Use of Wenhua --- p.52 / “The Culture of the Ghost City´ح --- p.54 / Promoting Righteousness --- p.56 / New Symbols of Fengdu: from Ghost to Divinity --- p.60 / Promoting the Ghost City --- p.63 / Another Version of Local Culture --- p.65 / Conclusion --- p.67 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Fengdu Temple Festival 2009 --- p.70 / Fengdu Incense Festival in the Past --- p.70 / Festival Origins and the Incense Festival Before 1949 --- p.70 / Names and Organization --- p.73 / The Fengdu Temple Festival in 2009 --- p.75 / The Parade: Memories of Fengdu --- p.77 / Emperor of the Netherworld and His Wedding --- p.78 / Fengdu in History and the New Cultural Symbolism --- p.80 / People's Participation --- p.80 / Conclusion --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- People's Religious Life in Current Fengdu --- p.87 / Tourism and Its Influence --- p.87 / Tour Guides --- p.87 / Communal Temples --- p.96 / The Wantian Shrine --- p.101 / Why do local people go to the Ghost City? --- p.102 / Spirit Mediums --- p.107 / Grandma Long --- p.108 / Water Bowl Augur --- p.109 / A Physiognomist --- p.110 / Conclusion --- p.111 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusion --- p.113 / A Rise of Superstition? --- p.113 / In the Name of Development --- p.115 / Promoting Tourism as a Means to Vitalize the County's Economy --- p.116 / The Wenhua of the Ghost City --- p.117 / The Culture of the Ghost City --- p.118 / The Lost Ghost --- p.118 / Popular Religious Practices in Daily Life --- p.119 / Alternative Interpretations of the Ghost City --- p.119 / Local Pilgrim --- p.121 / Bibliography --- p.124

Woo Chak Hung Stanley. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1996-97, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Chapter 1) --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Design Objective / Chapter 1.2 --- Description of Subject / Chapter 1.3 --- Client & Users / Chapter 1.4 --- Site & Context / Chapter 2) --- Project Analysis / Chapter 2.1 --- Subject analysis / Chapter 2.11 --- Brief formation / Chapter 2.12 --- Architectural language / Chapter 2.2 --- Client / Users analysis / Chapter 2.21 --- Functional relationships / Organisational hierarchies / Chapter 2.22 --- Activities / Chapter 2.23 --- Social patterns / Chapter 2.24 --- Schedule of accommodation / Chapter 2.3 --- Site / Context analysis / Chapter 2.31 --- Location / Chapter 2.32 --- Landscape / Chapter 2.33 --- Ground conditions / Chapter 2.34 --- Access and transportation / Chapter 3) --- Process / Chapter 4) --- Final Project / Chapter 4.1 --- Urban Planning / Chapter 4.2 --- Bedspace Apartment / Chapter 4.3 --- Market / Chapter 4.3 --- Recreational Open Space / Chapter 4.5 --- Proposed Residential Block

Wong Chi Keung, Steven. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2010-2011, design report." / Includes bibliographical references.