Due to scarce natural resources and problems of governing the commons, alternative management of the commons has again emerged. The earlier known governing methods used by international and state conservation are state or private ownership. Governing the commons with local institutions was brought to attention in 2009 by Elinor Ostrom. In this case-study of governing the commons, a national park is the objective. There are many stakeholders, with a focus on the community institution. The co-management of governing the national park between the local institution, the state and the NGO is analysed to find out if sustainable governance can be achieved in Rio Limpio National Park, and if so how? The rules are set on the conditions of the state about the regulations of the national park, although its protection is legitimized by the activities of the local institution. The regulation that prohibits the use of the natural resources within the park is enforced in a situation -where poor people are directly dependant on the natural resources and have few employment alternatives. This creates conflicts between the state, the NGO and the community of the environmental policies. The study has shown that increased benefits of the community, as with social protection and local participation in decision making, will lead to more successful nature resource management as well as sustainable development.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo tem como objetivos analisar a trama de relações e vivências entre as diversas instâncias (sujeitos, mantenedora e comunidade social ou contextual) que constituem as escolas comunitárias da Rede Sinodal de Educação (RSE), da Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB), no Vale do Taquari, contribuir para o desenvolvimento de competências necessárias para a gestão participativa, dentro de um contexto de transformações da modernidade para a pós-modernidade. As escolas comunitárias ligadas à RSE surgiram no contexto da imigração alemã, que trouxe sua herança educacional das primeiras comunidades cristãs e do movimento da Reforma de Martim Lutero. Ao longo da história as contribuições das escolas comunitárias foram fundamentais no desenvolvimento educacional do país. Com o advento da pós-modernidade, assim como outras instituições, também elas têm sofrido um processo de secularização que afeta o modo de fazer e as relações dentro das escolas. Nesse sentido, a gestão participativa tornou-se o modelo desafiador para as instituições que desejam manter a sua continuidade em tempos de pós-modernidade em que a fragilidade das relações humanas é uma constante. Superar a prática individualista no interior da escola através do trabalho coletivo, da ampliação de espaços de participação e da co-responsabilidade dos diferentes sujeitos nas tomadas de decisão é o grande desafio da gestão atual dessas escolas. Diante de tudo isso, justifica-se a relevância do estudo no contexto do Vale do Taquari, região em que a comunitariedade e a participação, até a pouco essencial no cotidiano das pessoas devido a herança cultural, estão ameaçadas por influência das conseqüências da pós-modernidade. Deseja-se, portanto, auxiliar as escolas comunitárias da RSE do Vale do Taquari para o aperfeiçoamento da gestão escolar a partir de um processo participativo, bem como no desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências dos gestores. / This research aims at investigating the relations and experiences plots among many instances (subjects, support and social or context community) that are the community schools from Rede Sinodal de Educação (RSE), of Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB), in Taquaris Valley. We wish to contribute to the development of competences needed to the participative management, inside a context of moderns transformations to the before modern. The community schools connected to the RSE showed up in the Germanys immigration that brought their educational inheritance from the first Christian communities and the Martin Luthers Reform movement. During the history, the community schools contributions were fundamental to the countrys educational development. With the before modern, as many other institutions, also them have suffered a centurys process that affects the way of doing and the relations inside the schools. In this way, the participative management has became a challenge model to the institutions that wish to keep their continuous in times of before modern which human relations fragile is constant. Overcoming the individualism practice inside the school through collective work, extending the participations spaces and the co-responsibility from the different subjects in the decisions is the biggest challenge from the current management of these schools. With all of these, we justify the relevance of the research in the Taquaris Valley, a region where community and the participation, until a few time so essential in peoples life due to their cultural inheritance, they are threaten by the influence of the consequences of the before modern. Therefore, we wish to assist the community schools of RSE in Taquaris Valley to improve the scholar management with a participative process, as well in the development of the skills and competences managers.

This dissertation deals with the position of foster-mother in SOS children's villages. The first part focuses on the legislative background of the operation of these facilities for foster care in the context of the development organization SOS Children's Villages in the Czech Republic and the international organization SOS Kinderdorf International. It discusses the problem of Czech SOS Children's Villages, when foster-mother is responsible for the child entrusted to foster care, which is the difference from the Czech villages than villages in the other countries. The second part analyzes the role of the SOS foster-mother. It offers a reflection on the meaning of the concept of the archetypal mother and changes of maternal role. The dissertation maps a question of motivation and readiness for fostering.Step by step are described SOS foster-mothers's career stages and are development cycles of SOS families. The work deals with the controversial topic, such as support for an SOS foster-mother. It introduces the concept of an integrated following educational community youth, boarding facilities for teenagers and young adults from the SOS villages. Work thinks how sustainability cyclic replenishment of children and families in the SOS families and possibilities and individualized needs of clients in the SOS...