2001 m. gruodžio 12 d. Tarybos reglamentas dėl Bendrijos dizainų (EB) Nr. 6/2002 įvedė naują teisinį instrumentą – Bendrijos dizainą. Prieš tai esminiai dizaino teisės aspektai buvo suvienodinti 1998 m. spalio 13 d. Europos Parlamento ir Tarybos direktyva dėl teisinės dizaino apsaugos 98/71/EB. Šie teisės aktai numato du Bendrijos dizainui keliamus reikalavimus: naujumą bei individualias savybes. Abu kriterijai nėra vienareikšmiai, jų taikymas inter alia reikalauja atskleisti ir kitas Reglamente nedetalizuotas teisines sąvokas: informuoto vartotojo, dizainerio laisvės, bendro įspūdžio. Neaiškūs kriterijai lemia nevienodą tiek Vidaus rinkos harmonizavimo tarnybos, tiek EB teismų praktiką, kas savo ruožtu sąlygoja skirtingą dizaino apsaugos lygį Europos Sąjungos mastu. Šiai problemai išspręsti reikia nagrinėti tiek Tarnybos, tiek teismų praktiką ir nustatyti, kokių kriterijų aiškinimas skiriasi ar sutampa, bei kaip tokios sampratos atrodo doktrinos kontekste. Magistro darbe nagrinėjami dažniausiai pasitaikantys Bendrijos dizaino pripažinimo negaliojančiu pagrindai. Toks pasirinkimas nulemtas aplinkybės, kad negaliojimo pagrindai apibrėžia Bendrijos dizaino galiojimo ribas, nes Tarnyba atlieka tik formaliųjų reikalavimų (atitikimo dizaino apibrėžimui bei viešajai tvarkai ir geri moralei) ekspertizę. Pateikiami svarbiausi Tarnybos bei Bendrijos dizaino teismų sprendimai, susiję su aukščiau minėtų kriterijų vertinimu bei taikymu, komentuojamos juose išreikštos pozicijos bei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Council Regulation (EC) No 6/2002 of 12 December 2001 on Community designs introduced a new legal instrument – the Community design. Before that, the essential legal aspects of design law were harmonized by Directive 98/71/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 on the legal protection of designs. Regulation provides protection for design which meets two conditions: novelty and individual character. Both criteria are ambiguous in their application, among other things it is required to disclosure other legal concepts which are not elaborated by Regulation: the informed user, the designer's freedom, the overall impression. Due to vague criterions the differences between the Office of Harmonization for the Internal Market and the Community courts’ case law emerges, which in turn determines the unequal levels of protection of Community design throughout the European Union. This problem requires evaluation of both the Office and the courts’ case law in order to determine what requirements are treated different or the same, and moreover, how such concepts appear in context of the doctrine. Master thesis deal with the most common grounds for invalidity of the Community design. This choice is determined by the circumstance, that grounds for invalidity define the limits of validity of the design because the Office only carries out only the examination of formal requirements (compliance with the definition of design and public order and good morals). The... [to full text]

Rivers once had meaning to societies. This meaning was associated with agricultural practices, spiritual connection with nature, social interaction and the combination of all these different activities and functions which were enjoyed by the whole community. Today these rivers have little (if any) meaning to society. Meaning has been lost due to neglect, pollution and crime. The spirit of community once associated with these rivers is now under threat. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of a river system in creating meaningful places for a shared sense of community. It therefore presents an attempt at re/claiming this meaning, through the application of community design theory, with a river’s edge intervention that connects people with others, and communities with the river. The design process started with a site analysis to highlight the challenges and opportunities of the study area, local framework area, masterplan area and focus site. Existing frameworks and precedent studies assisted in compiling guidelines and design principles for the project. The study found that by dealing away with the current negative image of the river and re-introducing activities that the community values, these spaces can be re/claimed as meaningful people spaces. Community design, informed by the concept of place-making, is an appropriate theory for revitalising the river systems which cut through urban landscapes and disconnect communities. This study suggest that a landscape design based on community ethics, aspirations and cultural values i.e. social aspects of landscape architecture, is most likely to succeed in the long run as it creates a sense of belonging and ownership. / Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Architecture / unrestricted

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New Urbanism is an all-encompassing term that refers to an increasingly popular set of design tenets that draw upon traditional urban forms in the creation or redevelopment of residential communities. Although design professionals are increasingly adopting these design tenets in the creation of new communities, there is no research that either supports or rejects New Urbanism's underlying assumption that neotraditional design tenets are capable of fostering a “sense of place.” Therefore, this research explores how a ”sense of place” arises for residents of a neotraditional neighborhood located in Blacksburg, Virginia. This research then investigates the influence physical form has on the development of a sense of place for the individuals living within this community. In an attempt to answer these questions, this research project employs an existential-phenomenological approach to understand the specified people-place relationships. The transformation of space into place for the participants living within the study area was consistent with two distinct, existing theories regarding the development of a sense of place. Analysis indicates that social interaction in the form of un-structured chance encounters with neighbors heavily influences the transformation of mere space into place. Further analysis indicates that such encounters are not directly related to density. Rather, the proximity of the housing, the connection between the public and private realm, and the relationship of the housing to the un-built environment all emerge as key factors in encouraging such residential experiences. The results are discussed in the context of TND design tenets and a theory of neighborhood design is presented. / Ph. D.

The subject of this thesis is the introduction to legal protection of industrial design at EU level through Community design, and comparison of Community design with other types of legal protection available. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part explains the terms 'design' and 'Community design', while the second part compares Community design with other industrial design legal protection systems. The second part also provides a description of how both Community design and other legal protection systems may be applied concurrently. The first part opens with a definition of the term 'design', and then describes design's relation to intellectual property and industrial design rights. Afterwards, a brief overview of the legal regulation for industrial design protection at national, international, and EU level is presented, and a characterization of institutions that provide design protection at each of the levels, respectively, is given. The key element of the first part of the thesis is a detailed analysis of Community design. The terms 'registered' and 'unregistered Community design' are thoroughly defined, and their common features as well as differences are described. Furthermore, conditions necessary for Community design registration are listed. Finally, a description of the...

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While architecture, a physical built art form, markets itself as a public endeavor, access divides along societal and economical status. Urban planning of city layouts mimic and deep these divides, falling prey to the ideology that one must afford spaces, beauty, and comfort. Those who fall short of societal standards must be designed away as to not inconvenience the desired user. Washington DC does not even deem shelter a human right. The homeless, who population is higher there than anywhere else in the United States, are simply neglected. The Embed Projects aims to recognize their needs. Exploring the conditions and attributes that led them there, the every day struggles faced, the community centers focus on overall support through many facets. Breaking down hostile architecture, the failures of homeless architecture solutions typically offered, and the systemic design to keep individuals from escaping homelessness, and exploring the lifestyle sustainability offered through permanent housing. This thesis offers a city wide, communal plan to provide flexible, permanent housing to individuals suffering from homelessness and a full network of support for every homeless individual. It aims to address not only the housing but the societal measures that led to it, and difficulties of within this community. / Master of Architecture / Historically architecture was designed to be for everyone but never has been. Money and class have always played too large of a role. Housing, design, and the over network of cities should never be restricted. This thesis navigates the start of network throughout Washington DC that would help the overwhelming issue of homelessness there. Public housing would be offered in a variety of sizes and locations with the hope of a growth throughout the city. Embed provides not only housing but also a network to support them. It looks into the reasoning for individuals to fall into homelessness and who is most vulnerable, the issues faced by those who are suffering from it, and the roadblocks society has set up against escaping it. The design of the two community centers dives into these issues and roadblocks, attempting to offer possible solutions.

New developments often lack regional identity and distinctiveness of place. Before the industrial revolution, landscapes were the result of social, cultural and environmental constraints. Currently, a strong sense of place is lacking in many American cities. Santa Fe, New Mexico, as an example, faces the challenge of integrating new development with existing historic areas. While the downtown central core of Santa Fe has a distinctive and unique character, the outlying fringes of Santa Fe County are being developed in ways that undermine the sense of place that is valued by its residents and visitors. Current county development patterns do not meld with the intimate, small-scale character of the older neighborhoods in the downtown central core areas of the city. To address this issue, this thesis uses theory related to sense of place to identify distinctive characteristics that can be adapted for projects outside Santa Fe's central core. The study uses a mixed method approach, including a literature review and field study methods to assess Santa Fe's distinctive physical characteristics. The results are a set of contemporary community design guidelines for the Santa Fe, New Mexico region that address sense of place in the following categories: (a) Spatial Planning and Architecture: street design characteristics and their physical relationship to architecture; (b) Environmentally Responsive Architecture: architecture design characteristics that respond to the regional environment and Santa Fe Style; (c) Decorative Architectural Details: architectural detail design characteristics that respond to the regional vernacular and the Santa Fe Style; (d) Integration of Architecture and Landscape: open space design the physical relationship between the local landscape and architecture; and, (e) Landscape and Cultural Character: regional landscape and art design characteristics that respond to Santa Fe's environment and culture. The resulting design principles are expressed as guidelines to support sense of place and their application to new development in Santa Fe County. / Master of Landscape Architecture / Many 21st century communities in the United States are being planned to look alike. Before the industrial revolution and the advances in railroad, freight transport and increased mechanization; landscapes were built with local materials and governed by regionally limited social, cultural, environmental and physical characteristics. Currently, a meaningful and distinctive physical appearance of a place (termed “sense of place”) is lacking in many American cities. <i>Santa Fe, New Mexico</i>, as an example, faces the challenge of designing current suburban communities to meld with the existing historic character of older downtown centers. While the historic downtown of <i>Santa Fe</i> has a distinctive personal scale and unique architectural style; the outlying suburban settlements of <i>Santa Fe County</i> are being developed in ways that promote a sameness and monotony that is uncharacteristic of the city’s core and not valued by its residents and visitors. Current county development codes and plans do not match the intimate, small-scale character of older neighborhoods in the downtown central core areas of the city. To address this issue, this thesis researches and studies the concept of sense of place; to identify distinctive characteristics that can be adapted to design new communities incorporating these characteristics in Santa Fe County. The study uses a <b>literature review;</b> research of the history of Santa Fe and sense of place and a <b>field survey;</b> photographs, sketches and a recording of Santa Fe’s physical qualities - to analyze <i>Santa Fe's</i> distinctive physical characteristics. The results are a set of current community design guidelines for the <i>Santa Fe, New Mexico</i> region that address sense of place by noting the following: <b>overall planning, architecture, street design, architectural details, open space design and Santa Fe’s native environment and culture.</b> This thesis adds to the body of knowledge in the field of landscape architecture by establishing a method to design for sense of place, through guidelines, that can be applied to new community development in <i>Santa Fe County</i>.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Timothy D. Keane / The growth of Central Florida led to the planning of a Central Florida commuter rail and a larger interest in designing communities with the environment as a priority. A site suitable for sustainable development is located in DeBary, Florida, in the northern Orlando metropolitan area. The nine hundred acre site includes a commuter rail station and is located along the St. Johns River, a major river in Florida. The intent of this study was to understand and apply principles of sustainable development to the unique landscape of the site and propose a master plan for a community, creating a sense of place. A major goal of the project was to compliment the commuter rail station and its contribution to the community. The project encompassed research of sustainable development and design, an analysis of the site, as well as an understanding of transportation’s specific role in sustainable development. The result of the study is a master plan of the community which utilizes principles of sustainable development, protects and highlights the ecological features of the site and creates a place unique to Central Florida as a healthy, sustainable community.

Detta arbete handlar om att utforma en mötesplats för aktivitet i ett utvalt område i stadsdelen Sätra, Gävle. Som metod används participativa designmetoder som handlar om att involvera människor så mycket som möjligt. Participativa designmetoder är  socialt hållbara metoder för att utveckla stadsmiljön bl a därför att den tillkännager vikten av att engagera de personer som är närmast berörda. Metoderna tar också fasta på mjuka värden såsom platsidentitet, människors personliga drivkrafter och vilja att tillsammans etablera ett gemensamt område för alla. Sätra är en stadsdel i Gävle med över 10 000 invånare. I denna stadsdel finns ett område mellan Gråstensvägen och Jökelvägen som håller på att rustas upp av Gavlegårdarna. Lekplatserna och utomhusplatserna är i nuläget föråldrade samtidigt som det i området bor mycket barn och ungdomar som skulle kunna tänka sig att nyttja dessa om de var mer anpassade efter deras behov. I arbetet har jag därför undersökt denna problematik med hjälp av frågeställningen: Hur kan man med en designprocess som involverar medborgare utforma en plats? Hur kan man utforma denna plats på ett sådant sätt så att det lockar de boende att vistas och mötas och skapa inkluderande och trivsam miljö där platsidentitet uppehålls? I arbetet genomförs participativa designmetoder utefter frågeställningen på så sätt att djupintervjuer genomförs med de människor som bor i området för att få en djupare inblick i behov och problematik. Dessa leder i senare fas till workshops där mjuka värden etableras för att kunna jobba vidare med koncept. Platsobservationer och studie av relevant litteratur från både design och arkitekturområdet har använts för att utveckla syfte och metoder för workshops under arbetets gång.  Arbetets resultat är i form av en planlösning och en klätterställning som har utformats efter behov samt workshopmodeller som utformats och testats.